The Desert Experience in Israel shares the responses of settlers, artists, poets, scientists, and educators who lived near the Blaustein Institute in the Negev Desert of Israel as they answer the question, "What difference has living in the desert year round made in your work?" The book begins with a reprint of David Ben-Gurion's call for settlement and science in the desert. This is followed by an account of life in early kibbutzim, a discussion of the meaning of the term "desert," accounts of religion in the desert, and the relationship of the desert experience to art, theatre, literature, poetry, sculpture, and the use of color categories by the Bedouin. Accounts of research on solar energy, fossil fuel, water, microalgae, runoff agriculture, fish, and architecture are followed by desert-related activities in the high school, field school, and research institute.

Inspired by the research and theory of Robert Freed Bales (Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Harvard University), this collection of research and applications using SYMLOG, a system for the multi-level observation of groups, provides the most recent examples of analyzing aspects of social interaction systems. The collection shows the relationship of SYMLOG to other theoretical models, gives examples of international research, includes applications in health, education, religion, and policy analysis, and illustrates problems and solutions regarding the validity and reliability of the method. The editors provide the widest selection of articles on SYMLOG, covering theory, research, and applications in organizational development and other fields.

Inspired by the research and theory of Robert Freed Bales (Professor Emeritus of Sociology at Harvard University), this collection of research and applications using SYMLOG, a system for the multi-level observation of groups, provides the most recent examples of analyzing aspects of social interaction systems. The collection shows the relationship of SYMLOG to other theoretical models, gives examples of international research, includes applications in health, education, religion, and policy analysis, and illustrates problems and solutions regarding the validity and reliability of the method. The editors provide the widest selection of articles on SYMLOG, covering theory, research, and applications in organizational development and other fields.

The Hebrew Israelite Community introduces the African-Americans who are members of the Hebrew Israelite Community in Israel from a sociological and anthropological perspective. This community has passed through several phases since its beginning in Chicago in 1963 as the followers of a charismatic leader, to the 'Black Africa' movement in Liberia, a millennial cult, to a utopian community. The spiritual leader of this community, Ben Ammi provides a foreword to the book. The author begins with an introduction to the Black Americans and their children who are members of the Hebrew Israelite Community in Israel that provides a description of the social structure and activities of the community. He moves into a discussion of the holistic lifestyle of the community that includes high moral standards, communal sharing, and the production of clothing from natural fibers, as well as the unique system of preventive health care. The well defined structures of both the society and the family, including the place of priests and women are presented. Most of all the author emphasizes the importance of the community and its place within the larger world.

Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed - from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.

Small group research is of particularly wide interest to people working in a fairly broad variety of areas concerned with understanding conflict, especially for practitioners and researchers concerned with conflict resolution, peace, and related areas. The editors will focus on six main topical areas of small group research, which include: - Cooperation, competition, and conflict resolution - Coalitions, bargaining, and games - Group dynamics and social cognition - The group and organization - Team performance - Intergroup relations

Small group research is of particularly wide interest to people working in a fairly broad variety of areas concerned with understanding conflict, especially for practitioners and researchers concerned with conflict resolution, peace, and related areas.

The editors will focus on six main topical areas of small group research, which include:

- Cooperation, competition, and conflict resolution
- Coalitions, bargaining, and games
- Group dynamics and social cognition
- The group and organization
- Team performance
- Intergroup relations

Despite the common understanding of the importance of desert development in the contemporary world, there are relatively few books published to date on this sub ject. The books and collective volumes published in this field deal primarily with environmental and physical aspects of desert development such as soil, agricul ture, vegetation, water resources, etc. In contrast, this book addresses the issues of regional and urban development in desert areas, which have not been given sufficient attention. The present book is socially oriented. It considers physical development of desert regions not as an end in itself, but rather as an essential precondition for creating socially attractive and desirable environments for human settlement. The book addresses the issues of desert development at three distinctive conceptual levels - region, urban envi ronment, and building -and deals with both cold and hot deserts. Approximately half of the chapters in this book are original contributions that have not been published elsewhere. The remaining chapters fall into two groups: 1) chapters which have been reprinted from various refereed journals, and 2) chapters initially printed elsewhere and revised by their respective authors specifi cally for this collective volume. In the former case, permission to reproduce the material has been obtained from the respective copyright holders, and the details of original publication and names of copyright holders are indicated in footnotes."

Early transition was characterized by debate over shock therapy and gradualism as alternative reform strategies. Other important debates concerned the nature of the former USSR. Was it ever Socialist and what were its laws of motion? What implications does the old system have for the course of post-communist reforms? These are among the key issues analysed in this book, through a mix of conceptual analysis and an interesting selection of country studies.

Transition from central planning to a market economy, involving large-scale institutional change and reforms at all levels, is often described as the greatest social science experiment in modern times. As more than two decades have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of the Soviet Union, it is now an excellent time to take stock of how the transition process has turned out for the economies that have moved on from socialism and the command economy. This new handbook assembles a team of leading experts, many of whom were closely involved in the transition process as policymakers and policy advisors, to explore the major themes that have characterized the transition process. After identifying the nature of initial conditions and the strengths and weaknesses of institutions, the varying paths and reforms countries have taken are fully analyzed - from the shock therapy, privatization or gradualism of the early years to the burning issues of the present including global integration and sustainable growth. Topics covered include the socialist system pre-transition, economic reforms, institutions, the political economy of transition, performance and growth, enterprise restructuring, and people and transition. The country coverage is also extensive, from the former socialist countries of the USSR and the satellite states of Central and Eastern Europe to the Asian countries of China, Vietnam and others. The rise of China as a key actor in the drama is chronicled, along with the emergence of a new, more confident, oil-rich Russia. The comparative prosperity of the Central European countries such as Poland and the Czech Republic is contrasted with the mixed fortunes of the former USSR, where some countries are stagnating while others boom. This Handbook of the Economics and Political Economy of Transition is the definitive guide to this new order of things in the former Communist world.

Contributing Authors Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Charles H. Cooley, And Many Others.

Contributing Authors Emile Durkheim, Georg Simmel, Charles H. Cooley, And Many Others.

For many decades, Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union lived under communist rule, their economies governed by central planning. Suddenly the Berlin Wall was opened in 1989, the Iron Curtain was torn down; the communist system collapsed and soon the whole region was in a ferment, politically and economically. What happened to industry and businesses in the post-communist era? The travails of transition economics is Professor Hare's chosen subject in this highly informative and delightfully readable economic odyssey. His travels take him all over, from Vorkuta in Northern Russia to Almaty in Kazakhstan and Chisinau in Moldova. In Budapest, St Petersburg and Moscow, we are on more familiar ground: dimly lit hotels, vodka and pickled cabbage, rationed toilet paper and pickpockets... but there are wonderful moments, too, of international hospitality and close encounters of a reconstructionist kind (a banya is great at disinhibiting). Professor Hare's analysis of the emerging market-type economies of the former Soviet bloc, their accession to the EU and the prospects for the CIS countries is superb. An apostle of change, he also explains for the layperson what economists actually do. With a sly dig at academic dirigisme, he unmasks with a deft touch a science which is as protean as the political system it upholds. Here is an academic text with a human face. Paul Hare has been Professor of Economics at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, since 1985. He has researched, travelled in and written about Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union for nearly four decades, and wrote the present book to bring this fascinating region to a wider audience.

After introducing the dramaturgical perspectives by drawing on insights from anthropology, sociology, and the theater, the contributors give examples of enactments for which the persons involved were quite conscious of the fact that they must first establish a stage, or action area, before they could perform. As in theater, the setting of the stage has implicit meanings and actions will then become explicit as the drama unfolds. In Part I of the book, the accounts of the early kibbutzniks who needed an action area for their collective agricultural settlements, the new settlers who wish to reclaim Judea and Samaria, and the African-Americans who discovered that Israel was at the intersection of Hebrew and African traditions, provide variations on this theme.

Part II details varieties of enactments that have and possibly will take place in Israel, including an account of Ethiopian youths who experienced their crossing of the Sudan on their way to Israel to participate in the events of the Millennium. Other accounts of social dramas describe the sulha, the traditional Bedouin method of the resolution of a blood feud between Bedouin tribes, and the religious pilgrimmages by Jews, Arabs, and Christians to holy sites where they sometimes reenact a past event.

Refreshing and accessible, this new text guides student and practitioner alike through the maze of approaches to the way in which people interact in organizational life. By building their text around six topics central to those who manage in organizations: people; gender; flexibility; groups; learning; and creativity; the authors of this text have provided a clear, easily used framework for analysing the role of the individual in the group, the group in the organization, and the organization in the environment.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the social-psychological literature on social interaction in small groups. Part I covers the influence of the physical situation, personalities, and social characteristics of the group members on the dynamics of the group. Part II covers the effect of the presence of others on pressures to conform experienced by group members. Part III includes chapters on roles, relationships, and leadership. Part IV reviews verbal and nonverbal communication, group decision making, and choice shift. Part V deals with cooperation, competition, and conflict resolution. Part VI discusses two types of external influence on the small group: the influence exerted by a larger group of which the smaller group is part, and the influence exerted by other groups with which the small group cooperates or competes.

J L Moreno, the founder of sociodrama and sociometry, is best known for the impact he had on group psychotherapy, out of which he created psychodrama. This is now one of the most important and popular of the `creative' therapies, practised throughout the world. The concept of `role' was central to Moreno's theory and throughout his life he played many himself. A Paul Hare and June Rabson Hare describe a man who was, among other things, a psychiatrist, dramatist, theologian, inventor and educator, who made significant contributions in all of these areas in addition to being a major influence on social science and group psychotherapy. Moreno's theoretical and practical contributions to therapy also cover a broad spectrum. This fascinating book draws together and clarifies the most important of the concepts and applications of Moreno's work, presenting and successfully rebutting the criticism some of his theories have attracted.

This new volume covers studies and reviews published in the period 1975 to 1988. Its focus is not on the evaluation of current research, but rather it calls attention to available works that might be relevant for those wishing to do further research in a specified area. For this reason the editors refer to other reviews of parts of this literature that may provide a somewhat different perspective or that include citations selected on different criteria. When a study deals with more than one major variable or effect, it may be cited in several chapters.

This new volume covers studies and reviews published in the period 1975 to 1988. Its focus is not on the evaluation of current research, but rather it calls attention to available works that might be relevant for those wishing to do further research in a specified area. For this reason the editors refer to other reviews of parts of this literature that may provide a somewhat different perspective or that include citations selected on different criteria. When a study deals with more than one major variable or effect, it may be cited in several chapters.

An examination of A. Paul Hare's findings about groups, teams, and social interaction, this book shows how these findings can be placed in the context of several theories, and discusses some applications that can be constructed for the analysis of various kinds of social situations. Part I brings together the literature on small workgroups, especially discussion groups and problem-solving groups, from laboratory studies by social psychologists and practitioners in organizational development.

The seven chapters cover basic concepts, characteristics of groups and teams, group and team development, problem solving and consensus, managing conflict, consultation, and team building with SYMLOG (a method of group evaluation developed by Freed Bales of Harvard University). Part II presents four theories of social interaction with examples of applications: functional, dramaturgical, exchange, and SYMLOG. The final chapter brings together features of these theories in a category system for the observation of groups.

Dramaturgical analysis describes social behavior from the standpoint of the language of the theater: individuals are defined as actors and social interactions viewed as dramatic productions. It is pershaps the most comprehensive theory available today for the analysis of collective behaviors. Although individual perspectives of dramaturgical analysis are available, no single current text providing a summary and examples of generally accepted views exist. Dramaturgical Analysis of Social Interaction fulfills this role, providing an outstanding review of this approach--making it crucial reading to researchers of collective behavior and students of group dynamics.

A comprehensive introduction to the rapidly growing research area of peace psychology. Both a topic in its own right and studied within courses on peace studies, conflict studies and subsidiaries of psychology, international relations and politics, peace psychology is a practically and theoretically important area. This textbook covers the whole research literature focusing on research since the end of the cold war but also incorporating aspects of earlier literature which retain contemporary relevance. The content includes an introductory chapter outlining the growth of the field and continues to cover interdisciplinary practice (international relations, education, feminist studies and ethics), primary psychological topics (development, social psychology, psychodynamics and cognition), core topics from peace studies (conflict resolution, crisis management, non-violence, peacemaking and peacebuilding, specific locations such as the middle East and sustainable development) and terrorism (threats and victims). This is a unique textbook that will appeal to students and practitioners alike.

Reconstituting the Market details many transition economies - some already well known, others enjoying very little attention from researchers - and a range of important issues to do with state building and its links with microeconomic transformation. The book was based on the authors' view that transition in the new states would be fundamentally more difficult than in more established states - a view which turned out to be incorrect, since in all the transition countries the former communist state had to be largely rebuilt as part of the complex process of constructing a market economy. Aspects of this process, focusing on competition policy, privatization, and the regulation of public utilities, are examined in respect to Central Europe, the Baltics, Russia, Ukraine and Moldova. The result is essential reading for anyone seeking an up-to-date account of key transition issues, covering both familiar and unfamiliar countries.

The collapse of the formerly socialist economies has been one of the most dramatic economic events of the late twentieth century. Can they be successfully transformed into modern capitalist economies? This collection draws together the most significant writings on the economics of transition since 1990. Although there are a wide range of examples from different countries and industries, the focus is on analysis of the key issues. These include: * macroeconomics and stabilization * liberalization and the establishment of markets * property rights and the legal framework * reform of banking and finance, agriculture, and the trading system * the functioning of labour markets In addition the opening collection of papers discusses the political economy of transition. This collection draws on material from an enormous range of sources. It includes articles by Barry Eichengreen, Oliver Blanchard, Stanley Fischer and Janos Kornai.