In the face of globalization and new media technologies, can policy makers and regulators withstand deregulatory pressures on the 'cultural policy toolkit' for television? This comparative study provides an interdisciplinary investigation of trends in audiovisual regulation, with the focus on television and new media. It considers pressures for deregulation and for policy in this field to prioritise market development and economic goals rather than traditional cultural and democratic objectives, notably public service content, the promotion of national and local culture, media pluralism and diversity. The book explores regulatory policy in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Europe. The book focuses on a range of instruments designed for promoting pluralism and cultural diversity, particularly the role of public service broadcasting and the range of measures available for promoting cultural policy goals, such as subsidies, scheduling and investment quotas, as well as (particularly national) media ownership rules. The book draws on findings of two research projects funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and is written in an accessible style by leading scholars of media law and policy, who bring to bear insights from their respective disciplines of law and political science.

Television and press systems in Western Europe are currently undergoing revolutionary changes, raising profound questions for public policy. This comparative, textbook analysis explores how mass media systems across Europe have been shaped by technology, economics and politics. Peter Humphreys argues that whilst both states and markets can constrain progress towards the goals of media freedom and pluralism, public policy can also promote a diverse media system across Europe. He explores the impact of public regulation and private commercial activity, and argues that threats to pluralism can arise from either political interference or from the concentration of media ownership and markets. Another key concern of the book is to explore the political impact of the new media technologies - notably transfrontier satellite broadcasting - in Western Europe. The author explores the implications of the commercialization of national broadcasting systems, and the media policies of the European Union in the age of transfrontier media operations. -- .

First published in 1990, The Political Economy of Communications explores the central theme of the relationship between politics and markets in policy development. The contributors show how governments have been drawn into increasing interdependency by technological and market developments, with international institutions like the European Community becoming more important in these policy areas. They argue that neither government ideologies nor market and technological forces offer an adequate account of the processes of change in communications policy. These conclusions lead to a critique of central theories of international political economy, notably neo-liberalism, and the authors advocate instead a neo-pluralist perspective for the study of political economy of communications – an approach that takes institutions much more seriously as a central unit of analysis. The book will be of interest to students of international relations, European studies, and media and telecommunication studies, as well as to political scientists and economists concerned with public policy.

First published in 1986, The Politics of the Communications Revolution in Western Europe deals with the political implications of the communications revolution, specifically with impacts on political debate and agenda, the policy process, the role of the state, and European integration. The communications revolution in Western Europe combined radical changes in the fields of computing, broadcasting and telecommunications, converging in the new media, and is intimately linked to the wider information technology revolution. The economic and social implications of the communications revolution are wide-ranging and include: the electronic office, tele-banking and tele-shopping, decentralisation of economic activities, major transformations in the labour markets, and the strategic role of the electronics industry. This book will be of interest to students of European studies, history and media studies.

In the face of globalization and new media technologies, can policy makers and regulators withstand deregulatory pressures on the 'cultural policy toolkit' for television? This comparative study provides an interdisciplinary investigation of trends in audiovisual regulation, with the focus on television and new media. It considers pressures for deregulation and for policy in this field to prioritise market development and economic goals rather than traditional cultural and democratic objectives, notably public service content, the promotion of national and local culture, media pluralism and diversity. The book explores regulatory policy in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Europe. The book focuses on a range of instruments designed for promoting pluralism and cultural diversity, particularly the role of public service broadcasting and the range of measures available for promoting cultural policy goals, such as subsidies, scheduling and investment quotas, as well as (particularly national) media ownership rules. The book draws on findings of two research projects funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council and is written in an accessible style by leading scholars of media law and policy, who bring to bear insights from their respective disciplines of law and political science.

This new book presents a clear conceptual framework for understanding the transfer of policy ideas between EU states, together with an empirical study of regulatory change within European utilities.
Policy transfer is a new instrument for understanding EU policy-making. This volume shows how the nature of institutions, interdependence between trans-national and national jurisdictions and social systems, relate policy actors across geographical boundaries, identifying four basic types of EU policy transfer and learning:
'uploading'- how member states compete to shape the EU agenda in line with their own institutional arrangements and policy preferences
'downloading'- how states adapt to changing EU incentives and constraints
'socialization' - how EU policy norms are internalized in the belief systems of domestic actors
'information exchange' between national actors in the course of EU interactions leading to a horizontal diffusion of policy ideas.
The authors use an institutionalist perspective to show how these forms of policy transfer operate across the diverse systems of governance found across the EU.
Policy Transfer in European Union Governance will be of great interest to students and scholars of European Union politics and policy, comparative public policy and political economy.

This new book presents a clear conceptual framework for understanding the transfer of policy ideas between EU states, together with an empirical study of regulatory change within European utilities.

Policy transfer is a new instrument for understanding EU policy-making. This volume shows how the nature of institutions, interdependence between trans-national and national jurisdictions and social systems, relate policy actors across geographical boundaries, identifying four basic types of EU policy transfer and learning:

• 'uploading'- how member states compete to shape the EU agenda in line with their own institutional arrangements and policy preferences
• 'downloading'- how states adapt to changing EU incentives and constraints
• 'socialization' - how EU policy norms are internalized in the belief systems of domestic actors
• 'information exchange' between national actors in the course of EU interactions leading to a horizontal diffusion of policy ideas.

The authors use an institutionalist perspective to show how these forms of policy transfer operate across the diverse systems of governance found across the EU.

Policy Transfer in European Union Governance will be of great interest to students and scholars of European Union politics and policy, comparative public policy and political economy.

This innovative textbook is modelled on problem-based learning. It bridges the gap between academic neuroanatomy and clinical neurology and effectively takes the reader from the classroom to the clinic, so that learning can be applied in practice. This second edition has been updated and expanded to include many more clinical cases within both the book and the accompanying Wweb site. This book and the associated Web site will be of practical value to all the professionals who deal with people who have neurological conditions, as well as being invaluable to medical students and residents. This includes physiatrists (rehabilitation medicine specialists), physiotherapists, occupational therapists and speech therapists, and nurses who specialize in the care of neurological patients. We think that this text will also be of value for family physicians and specialists in internal medicine and pediatrics, all of whom must differentiate between organic pathology of the nervous system and other conditions.