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In the wake of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, executives and
policymakers are motivated than ever to reduce the vulnerability of
social and economic systems to disasters. Most prior work on
critical infrastructure protection has focused on the
responsibilities and actions of government rather than on those of
the private sector firms that provide most vital services. Seeds of
Disaster, Roots of Response is the first systematic attempt to
understand how private decisions and operations affect public
vulnerability. It describes effective and sustainable approaches
both business strategies and public policies to ensure provision of
critical services in the event of disaster. The authors are
business leaders from multiple industries and experts in fields as
diverse as risk analysis, economics, engineering, organization
theory and public policy. The book shows the necessity of deeply
rooted collaboration between private and public institutions, and
the accountability and leadership required to go from words to
action.
Lewis Branscomb and Philip Auerswald address early-stage, high-tech
innovation in the context of business decision making and
innovation policy. How do technology innovators, business
executives, and venture capitalists manage the technical elements
of business risk when developing and launching new products?
Overcoming technical risks requires crossing the so-called valley
of death-the gap between demonstrating the soundness of a technical
concept in a controlled setting and readying the product technology
for the market. Crossing the valley of death may mean bringing
university-based research to the point where it appears viable to
venture capitalists, or bridging the cultural gap between technical
innovators and the managers who are being asked to risk their
institutional resources. In every context, purely technical risks
are coupled with the market risks inherent in innovation. In this
book Lewis Branscomb and Philip Auerswald address early-stage,
high-tech innovation in the context of business decision making and
innovation policy. The topics addressed include the extent to which
purely technical risk is separable from market risk; how industrial
managers make decisions on funding early-stage, high-risk
technology projects; and under what circumstances government can
and should act to reduce the technical risks of innovative projects
so that firms will invest in them. The book includes contributions
by Mary Good, George Hartmann, James McGroddy, Mike Myers, Michael
Roberts, and F. M. Scherer.
The "code economy " refers to the evolving technologically-driven
environment we live in. In services or manufacturing, outputs
emerge more and more from coded computerized systems and less as
assembled mechanical devices and procedures. Industries seek
algorithms to make software not only more pliable for firms'
development of products and services, but also to market them and
ease their purchase and use by consumers. This process automates
jobs. It gives increasing economic advantage to entrepreneurs who
can harness "code " to serve on the large scale the growing niches
into which consumers are organized. Yet, mastering the "code " also
gives individuals and informal social networks the resources to
bundle products and services and put them up for sale and
convenient use at more local levels. The economics of the rest of
the 21st century will see the movement away from traditional firms
and more toward people's relying on themselves as the sources of
their livelihoods. The code economy has clearly not developed in a
vacuum. Invention, innovation, and the pursuit of happiness have
characterized human activities for centuries. What is changing is
how societies and individuals radically value endeavors in life
differently from even a decade ago, most notably away from
industries organized as "command and control " systems. In The Code
Economy, Philip Auerswald investigates how economists themselves
have been hard pressed to gauge new economic indices of
satisfaction that go beyond traditional measures. He explores how
the code or "shared " economy reaches into domains such as health,
where greater longevity, the popularization of medical knowledge,
and the emphases on preventive care and wellness will complement
the delivery of medical services. Further, living in the code
economy will prompt people to orient their children's futures to
more self-reliant pursuits and seek investments that truly serve
them and not the institutions that have traditionally dominated the
financial and economic worlds.
In the wake of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina, executives and
policymakers are motivated than ever to reduce the vulnerability of
social and economic systems to disasters. Most prior work on
critical infrastructure protection has focused on the
responsibilities and actions of government rather than on those of
the private sector firms that provide most vital services. Seeds of
Disaster, Roots of Response is the first systematic attempt to
understand how private decisions and operations affect public
vulnerability. It describes effective and sustainable approaches
both business strategies and public policies to ensure provision of
critical services in the event of disaster. The authors are
business leaders from multiple industries and experts in fields as
diverse as risk analysis, economics, engineering, organization
theory and public policy. The book shows the necessity of deeply
rooted collaboration between private and public institutions, and
the accountability and leadership required to go from words to
action.
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