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Multimillion dollar poultry industry, always face the threats from
emerging/ re-emerging poultry diseases. A major element of disease
resistance is the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) and has
regions i.e. B-F, B-L and B-G. BF2 is a predominantly expressed
class I gene. Red jungle fowl (RJF) is the sole ancestor of all the
present day chicken. The divergence between RJF and domestic
chicken is presumed to have originated some 8000 years back. During
the 8000 years, the chicken genome has undergone tremendous changes
due to intentional selection. There is a general consensus among
the animal breeders that many traits/alleles, especially related to
adaptability are lost during intense selection. Hence, comparative
genomic studies of the RJF and its present day domesticated
descendents would answer many of these apprehensions on unequivocal
terms. Hence, our aim is to characterize the BF2 gene in RJF.
In plant biotechnology, the in-vitro studies are performed by
culturing the plant cell, tissue and organ on an artificially
prepared nutrient medium static or liquid under aseptic conditions.
The effect of some plant growth regulators were studied on seedling
growth and stomatal characters of Brassica campestris L. V.mungo
(L.) Hepper, V.radiate (L.) Wilczek.) through in-vitro studies.
Black gram (Vigna mungo), is an important short duration pulse crop
grown in many parts of India, cultivating both in Kharif and Rabi
season. The optimum temperature for better growth of these crops
ranges between 25 to 350C, but it can tolerate up to 420C which
permit to cultivate during summer and winter season. Mungbean crop
(Vigna radiata (L) Wilczek) is considered as one of the new crop in
Egypt, it is important legume crop characterized by a relative high
content of protein. The application of novel tissue culture and
genetic engineering technology could offer efficient and stable
plant regeneration. Brassica are still considered as an important
source of green vegetable in the developing countries and the
potential for market diversification of some new crop types.
The transmission electron microscope, commonly referred to as a
TEM, is more powerful than the traditional light microscope.
Transmission electron microscopes allow the user to see the fine
details of the specimens which are normally not seen in microscopes
of a lower power. The invention of the transmission electron
microscope (TEM) enabled scientists to view living material in a
way that was previously impossible. Bacteria and other living
matter could now be examined on the cellular level through their
magnetic structures, allowing scientists to view formation of DNA
chains and crystalline structures to determine if certain cells are
forming properly or are "misaligned." TEM technology has become a
useful diagnostic tool for disease and infection, allowing doctors
to identify healthy tissue from damaged areas, and allowing
pharmaceutical companies to develop affective treatments to defeat
disease-causing bacteria.
Malaria is infectious vector borne parasitic and Plasmodium carried
by the vector mosquitoes, which belong to genus Anopheles. The
first anti-malarial developed later is chloroquine, primaquine,
proquanil, pyrimethamine, metloquine etc. The aim of this study is
to test the in-vitro antiplasmodial effect of extract and different
fractions of Datura innoxia (leaves) and Diospyros melanoxylan
(bark). D.innoxia (leaves) and D.melanoxylon. (barks), are
collected from the lower forest of uttarakhand which is identified
by the local people.The anti-malarial activity of the extract was
discernible as number of parasite in mature schizont form in the
total of 200 parasites. The crude extract (both water and ethanol)
of D. innoxia and D. melanoxylon tested in-vitro had show
antimalarial activity. The result of this preliminary study is very
much encouraging. Natural products are important source of
biologically active compounds and have potential for the
development of novel antimalarial drugs. The eradication of the
disease has been hampered by the emergence and spread of multi drug
resistant malarial parasites, especially P.falciparum strains
resistant to many antimalarial drugs."
Malaria is one of the most common diseases in developing countries
and poses a great challenge to world health. Resistance of malaria
parasites to available antimalarial drugs remains the main
challenge to the effective control of the disease. The
physiological conditions prevailing with in the acidic digestive
vacuoles of the malaria parasites provide a suitable physiochemical
environment for conversion of heam to beta-hematin/hemozoin. Though
the both protein as well as lipids mediated beta-hematin formation
remain valid hypothesis but later seems to be more relevant, when
mechanism of hemozoin synthesis is considered as a simple
physiochemical reaction. Some repeats earlier heme show loss of
beta-hematin formation activity of the parasite lysate by protenase
K and heat treatment. The digestion of this cytosol, which consists
essentially of hemoglobin results in the formation of potentially
toxic ferriprotoporphyrin IX (FP). Several antimalarial drugs are
thought to exert their effect by complexing with FP, thus
inhibiting its detoxification through polymerization to hemozoin.
Our aim shows that inhibition of heam polymerization by Arteether.
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