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This book is a comparative study of Chinese and Russian policies in
their respective inner peripheries. As the inner peripheries of the
two states are rather vast, a selected number of regions have been
chosen from the two geographical expanses. These regions are not
only rich in hydrocarbons and minerals but also serve as conduits
of the same. Moreover, the geographical position of the Caucasus
provides Russia with an ingress into the Transcaucasia; a region
that has often presented Moscow with serious challenges in
international politics. Similarly, Xinjiang and Tibet serve as
supply bases of hydrocarbon and mineral, and as conduits of the
same to the Chinese regime. In addition to this, while Tibet serves
as China's anchorage in Himalayas and a buffer zone against the
Indian threat, Xinjiang is China's gateway to the resource rich
Central Asian market. With both Russia and China on the path of
changing the post-Soviet unipolar order; insights on Sino-Russian
ties and the various challenges and opportunities available to the
two states are inevitable for any reader trying to understand the
complexity of international politics in general and of Chinese and
Russian politics in particular of the twenty-first century.
There are two main trends distinguishable amongst Muslim reformists
- revivalists and modernists. This book charts and analyses the
main trends of Muslim reformist political thought in Bukhara. It is
the first to utilize original sources preserved in Soviet archives
that were previously inaccessible to western scholars. The author
has translated numerous original documents from Tajiki and Russian
into English. This book thus serves as a useful resource for
students of Islam, Central Asia, the former Soviet Union, and of
law, politics and philosophy.
There are two main trends distinguishable amongst Muslim reformists - revivalists and modernists. This book charts and analyses the main trends of Muslim reformist political thought in Bukhara. It is the first to utilize original sources preserved in Soviet archives that were previously inaccessible to western scholars. The author has translated numerous original documents from Tajiki and Russian into English. This book thus serves as a useful resource for students of Islam, Central Asia, the former Soviet Union, and of law, politics and philosophy.
Articaine hydrochloride, a water soluble local anesthetic, is
administered by block/infiltration anesthesia during the treatment
of periodontitis. The pain, associated with injection of local
anesthetics, can be overcome by the use of in situ gel forming
system of local anesthetics. The system is a low viscosity fluid at
room temperature and rigid elastic gel at body temperature,
undergoing in situ sol gel transition.The present work describes
the formulation, characterization and preliminary drug release
studies of muco-adhesive formulations containing articaine,
polaxomer 407 as the thermoreversible gelling agent in combination
with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and Carbopol 934P, as a
muco-adhesive agent. Each formulation was characterized in terms of
gelling temperature, viscosity, muco-adhesive force, spreadability,
drug release.The gelling temperature varied with the polymer
concentration and the presence of drug.The in vitro and ex vitro
permeation studies indicated the sustained drug release for a 7-h
period.Prospective Process Validation was also performed on
formulations.The developed system is a viable alternative for the
conventional injectable dosage form.
Banking sector is one of the basic pillars of the economy of any
country. Development of banking sector as a whole depends upon the
skills of the human resources of a country. Banks individually
provide training and development initiatives to their employees so
that the employees may contribute towards the success of that bank.
This book examines this phenomenon in new light that whether
on-the-job training initiatives taken by the banks contribute
towards the behavior of banking personnel or not. After studying
this book managers and academicians will come to know that coaching
and job rotational activities in financial institutions predict the
behaviors; employee motivation, employee commitment and job
involvement. This book not only highlights the importance of
training activities as a behavioral drive but also provide
comparative significance of the two methods of training that the
banks use.
Present study was conducted in District Gujrat to investigate the
impact of the microcredit scheme of Punjab Rural Support Program
(PRSP) on women's empowerment. Researches throughout the developing
world have highlighted the impact of microcredit programs on
women's empowerment. This research was divided into three main
sections. First section deals with the status of women at housed
level before taking microcredit while second and third sections
deal with the impact of microcredit in raising women's awareness
and women's empowerment after taking microcredit. In the second
section information was analyzed that whether microcredit increased
the awareness among women regarding their status, legal rights and
importance of say at household level. In the last section a
situational analysis of the women after taking microcredit is
presented. The data analysis has shown that there is a positive
impact of microcredit program introduced by PRSP in the rural
Gujrat on women's empowerment.
The study of on-the-job training in service sector has always been
a widely discussed topic in the literature. Well-trained workforce
is considered a critical success factor for modern organizations in
today's dynamic corporate environment and organizations
particularly financial institutions from all around the globe spend
huge amounts of money per year on formal on-the-job training of
their employees but still much is unknown regarding the phenomenon
in the context of developed countries like Pakistan. This book
enhances the understanding of a little studied topic by empirically
identifying OJT techniques being used in banking organizations of
Pakistan and which one is more extensively used than the others.
After studying this book academicians and managers will come to
know that financial institutions which spend more on OJT of their
employees are relatively more successful as human resources
contribute to productivity more than physical and other resources.
This book also provides some recommendations on how on-the-job
training practices can be improved in banks and therefore it will
serve as a base for future research on a much important but little
studied phenomenon.
This book deals with the nature and extent of the disaster
management among the rural inhabitants of District Barkhan in
Balochistan. This work tries to understand the different types of
indigenous early warning mechanisms in the locale i.e. wind based
early warning system, animals based early warning system, and
indigenous astronomy. This study also addresses the relationship
between indigenous knowledge and early warning system.
This book is based on the ethnographic study conducted in
Imambargah Hussainyia in Rural Jhang, Pakistan. The main aim of
this research was to investigate the ways of Muharram rituals
performance among the Shi'a devotees in the locale. Researchers
have used mix methods to investigate the intensity and magnitude of
the rituals performance. The inhabitants perform following rituals
during the month of Muharram; matam, majales, taziya, processions,
alam, zuljinah, langar, and visitation of the holy shrines.
According to Shi'a Muslims, these rituals were started soon after
the incident of the Karbala in 61 year of Islamic Calendar. With
the passage of time, these rituals matured and altered by the
devotees of differences races and regions. In the present study
area, people practice these rituals as a part of their daily
activities and they love to practice the teachings of their Imams.
For the community members, Muharram is a month of symbolic
association of the Shi'as towards their Imams. Practices they
perform are venerating them to the cohesion and letting them to
develop a strong association at communal level.
Revisiting Migration Issues in Pakistan is a collection of
articles, based on the primary research conducted by the different
scholars across Pakistan. It mainly addresses the international
migration related issues in Pakistan. Few of the articles are
addressing the general patterns of international migration and its
impact on the local communities in Pakistan while there are some
articles on the issues of utilization patterns of international
remittances. Subsequently, this book also focuses on the brain
drain issues and how the internationalization of the job market has
increased the chances for the skilled persons to move abroad for
the search of reasonable professions. The article presented in this
book shows that migration of the parents had inverse affect on the
education performance of their children left behind. Last article
of the book addresses the problems of the social integration of the
Pakistani migrants living in Norway.
Present study is based on anthropological fieldwork conducted in
2005-06. This research tries explores the major reasons of
sectarian divide in early Muslim society and its expansion to the
later period. It also investigates the major causes and
consequences of sectarian conflict in district Jhang. The District
Jhang among others faced worst nature of sectarian conflict in the
history of Pakistan. The sectarianism here in Jhang is a conflict
between Shiites and Deobandis. Throughout the last three decades
sectarian clashes increased dramatically in Jhang. According to the
office records of Jhang District Police Officer (DPO), 123
sectarian clashes were registered in various Police Stations from
1989 to 2002. These clashes produced high uncertainty among
inhabitants with large-scale emigration; affected businesses; and
unprecedented deaths on both sides. There are different precursors
of this sectarian conflict. Among others theological difference;
religious leaders' strife and political patronage; and ethnic
identities of the inhabitants are the major determinants of this
conflict.
The present study intends to analyze the impact of women's
education on maternal health care utilization in rural areas of
District Gujrat. A survey was conducted in one Union Council
(Kunjah) of Tehsil Gujrat. A sample of 139 female respondents
(delivered a baby having the age group of 6 weeks to 8 months) was
drawn with the help of simple random sampling technique. List of
females was collected from Union Council Office. Interview schedule
was developed to collect relevant information from the respondents.
Univariat tables were constructed to show frequency distribution
and percentages. Cross-tabulations were constructed to show the
relationship of different variables. Statistical test Tau-b and
Gamma was used to test the hypothesis. A great significance was
seen after the data analysis and interpretation between women's
education and maternal health care utilization in the selected
Union Council of District Gujrat.
Fighting against poverty is one of the core objectives of United
Nation Development Programme (UNDP) under the project the
Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The potential to gain economic
opportunities depends on the scale of access to monetary services.
Micro finance made possible the access of the poor to the economic
opportunities and enhanced their income in order to come out of the
poverty cycle. The main objective of the study was to explore the
impact of micro credit provided by NRSP on poverty alleviation in
Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A survey with the help of purposive sampling
was conducted and 100 borrowers of NRSP were selected as respondent
from five villages. The result shows that Micro credit had made a
significant difference in improving income levels of the borrowers.
Micro credit is an effective tool which works as a mediator towards
the improved livelihood of the loonies and also enhances their
income. Borrowers were satisfied by the utilization of micro credit
in a productive and purposeful way. People in rural areas have been
benefiting from micro credit scheme.
The present study intends to analyze women's autonomy and its
relationship with maternal health care utilization in rural Gujrat,
Pakistan. A survey was conducted in three Union Councils (Doga,
Kernana & Malka) of Tehsil Kharian, District Gujrat. A sample
size of 104 female respondents (delivered a baby having the age
group of 6 weeks to 8 months) was drawn with the help of
multi-stage random sampling technique by collecting sampling frame
from the concerned Union Council Offices. Interview schedule was
developed to collect relevant information from the respondents.
Univeriat tables were generated to show frequency distribution and
percentages. Cross-tabulations were constructed to show the
relationship of different variables. Spearman's rho statistical
test was used to test the hypothesis. There was a positive
association between women's autonomy and maternal health care
utilization.
Determination of stock price has always been a complex puzzle and a
burning issue in the literature of investment finance. From company
specific variables such like dividends, earnings and leverage, the
theory has progressed towards the development of sophisticated
models which have considerable predictability power regarding stock
price movements. These theories and models work well in the large
stock markets of developed economies, but still much is unknown
regarding the phenomenon, particularly referring to the
comparatively small stock markets of developing nations. Do these
factors, theories and models are efficient in the stock markets of
developing countries as they are in stock markets of developed
nations? This book provides empirical evidence on this phenomenon
by explorations of all important variables in the literature along
with applicability of some famous models with regard to stock price
prediction. Both the company specific and macroeconomic factors are
accounted for in the analysis and importance of industry
differences for stock evaluation is also highlighted in the
analysis.
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