This new volume, Cognitive Computing Systems: Applications and Technological Advancements, explores the emerging area of artificial intelligence that encompasses machine self-learning, human-computer interaction, natural language processing, data mining and more. It introduces cognitive computing systems, highlights their key applications, discusses the technologies used in cognitive systems, and explains underlying models and architectures. Focusing on scientific work for real-world applications, each chapter presents the use of cognitive computing and machine learning in specific application areas. These include the use of speech recognition technology, application of neural networks in construction management, elevating competency in education, comprehensive health monitoring systems, predicting type 2 diabetes, applications for smart agricultural technology, human resource management, and more. With chapters from knowledgeable researchers in the area of artificial intelligence, cognitive computing, and allied areas, this book will be an asset for researchers, faculty, advances students, and industry professionals in many fields.

In The Culturally Customized Web Site, Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira focus on cultural aspects of international website design, honing in on three objectives:
* First, to present a review and survey results on standardization/localization issues on the web
* Second, to present a scientifically tested framework to design culturally adapted international websites, and provide marketers and web designers with practical web localization tools
* Third, to show readers the power and effectiveness of culturally customized websites
This is the first book to address the issue of website standardization, localization-or what the authors refer to as "cultural customization." Little evidence has been accumulated to show whether international consumers prefer to browse and buy from standardized global websites or websites adapted to local cultures. The Culturally Customized Web Site provides insights into whether the web is a culturally neutral medium of communication or a medium impregnated with cultural values. Also presented is empirical evidence as to whether local consumers prefer standardized websites or websites adapted to their culture.
Visit www.theculturallycustomizedwebsite.com
* The first book to offer a scientifically developed and validated theoretical framework to culturally customize web sites
* Offers practical guidelines to marketing professionals in the international marketplace and challenges the practice of a standardized approach to global e-marketing
* Provides illustrative examples of the power of culture in influencing web browsing and online buying behavior

The book intends to cover various problematic aspects of emerging smart computing and self-adapting technologies comprising of machine learning, artificial intelligence, deep learning, robotics, cloud computing, fog computing, data mining algorithms, including emerging intelligent and smart applications related to these research areas. Further coverage includes implementation of self-adaptation architecture for smart devices, self-adaptive models for smart cities and self-driven cars, decentralized self-adaptive computing at the edge networks, energy-aware AI-based systems, M2M networks, sensors, data analytics, algorithms and tools for engineering self-adaptive systems, and so forth. Acts as guide to Self-healing and Self-adaptation based fully automatic future technologies Discusses about Smart Computational abilities and self-adaptive systems Illustrates tools and techniques for data management and explains the need to apply, and data integration for improving efficiency of big data Exclusive chapter on the future of self-stabilizing and self-adaptive systems of systems Covers fields such as automation, robotics, medical sciences, biomedical and agricultural sciences, healthcare and so forth This book is aimed researchers and graduate students in machine learning, information technology, and artificial intelligence.

This new volume, Cognitive Computing Systems: Applications and Technological Advancements, explores the emerging area of artificial intelligence that encompasses machine self-learning, human-computer interaction, natural language processing, data mining and more. It introduces cognitive computing systems, highlights their key applications, discusses the technologies used in cognitive systems, and explains underlying models and architectures. Focusing on scientific work for real-world applications, each chapter presents the use of cognitive computing and machine learning in specific application areas. These include the use of speech recognition technology, application of neural networks in construction management, elevating competency in education, comprehensive health monitoring systems, predicting type 2 diabetes, applications for smart agricultural technology, human resource management, and more. With chapters from knowledgeable researchers in the area of artificial intelligence, cognitive computing, and allied areas, this book will be an asset for researchers, faculty, advances students, and industry professionals in many fields.

In The Culturally Customized Web Site, Nitish Singh and Arun Pereira focus on cultural aspects of international website design, honing in on three objectives: * First, to present a review and survey results on standardization/localization issues on the web * Second, to present a scientifically tested framework to design culturally adapted international websites, and provide marketers and web designers with practical web localization tools * Third, to show readers the power and effectiveness of culturally customized websites This is the first book to address the issue of website standardization, localization-or what the authors refer to as "cultural customization". Little evidence has been accumulated to show whether international consumers prefer to browse and buy from standardized global websites or websites adapted to local cultures. The Culturally Customized Web Site provides insights into whether the web is a culturally neutral medium of communication or a medium impregnated with cultural values. Also presented is empirical evidence as to whether local consumers prefer standardized websites or websites adapted to their culture. Visit www.theculturallycustomizedwebsite.com

Principles and Application of Evidence-Based Public Health Practice helps clinicians who conduct population-based studies in the community be aware of the principles and ethics involved in public health research. Further, the book helps social scientists involved in public health, especially regarding the medical implication of public health practice. Community-based epidemiological research studies are vital for any public health activities, be it evaluation of health programs, health systems strengthening, surveillance or preventive/promotive trials in the community. While hospital/clinic-based research is conducted in a very controlled setting, community trials are more practical. Community-based studies require a fairly different set of ethical and epidemiological principles to be followed. The same has been reiterated in the ethical guidelines for biomedical research on human subjects released by various national research organizations.

Green and Sustainable Approaches using Wastes for the Production of Multifunctional Nanomaterials focuses on the examination of green synthesis utilizing green waste materials derived from home and industrial applications. This book also examines the current state of material generations, future problems and their industrial constraints, and the synthesis of NMs for various applications such as medicinal, agriculture, environmental, food and beverage storage, and so on. The book includes the most recent practical and theoretical aspects of the use of waste materials released in the fabrication of various types of valuable nanomaterials, such as metal, metal oxide, polymeric, and graphene, among others. This is a relatively new concept in waste utilization, and green synthesis is a viable resource in making NPs. This book will also be valuable for waste management professionals who need proper disposal techniques for by-products.

This book contains select proceedings of EPREC-2021 with a focus on power electronics and drives. The book includes original research and case studies that present recent developments in power electronics focusing on power inverters and converters. The book also consists of research work on electrical drives, regulated power supplies, operation of FACTS & HVDC, etc. The book will be a valuable reference guide for beginners, researchers, and professionals interested in the advancements of power electronics and drives.

Oral cancer most commonly occurs in middle-aged and older individuals, although a disturbing number of these malignancies is also being documented in younger adults in recent years. From an epidemiological and clinicopathological perspective, "oral cancer" can be divided into three categories: carcinomas of the oral cavity proper, carcinomas of the lip vermilion, and carcinomas arising in the oropharynx. Intraoral and oropharyngeal tumors are more common among men than women, with a male: female ratio of over 2:1.2. However, the disparity in the male: female ratio has become less pronounced over the past half century, probably because women have been more equally exposing themselves to known oral carcinogens such as tobacco and alcohol.

The oral cavity is the site of many diseases. An adequate diagnosis is essential as these lesions may vary in nature from simple to life threatening ones. The oral mucous membrane is a unique tissue which is continuously exposed to various kinds of stress such as heat, cold, microorganisms, chemicals & mechanical irritations, in the process of food intake. In response to these stress, both epithelial and connective tissue layers of oral mucosa exhibit acute & chronic reactive changes. Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic, progressive, scarring disease, that predominantly affects the people of South-East Asian origin. Condition was first describe by Schwartz (1952) while examining five Indian women from Kenya, to which he described the term "atropia idiopathica tropica mucosae oris." Later in 1953, Joshi from Bombay (Mumbai) redesignated the condition as oral submucous fibrosis.

This work is an effort to determine the Key performance Indicators (KPIs) for Supply Chain Management in Manufacturing Industries.The KPIs are integral part of Balance Score Card approach.By implementing these KPIs, manufacturing firms can better manage their forward and backward linkages of business resulting in overall improvement in their performance and hence bottom line.Most of KPIs seek to build co-ordination and integration in existing supply chain for better organization of resources.More emphasis has been given on adopting internet based functions, so that organizations can rely on faster, efficient communication and control.This work is very suitable for small and medium enterprises in third world countries which face large number of physical constraints such as lack of logistics infrastructure, large gap between demand and supply just a few of them.Better Integration of supply chains can overcome these challenges resulting in more responsiveness to market dynami

"Solid Waste Routing by Exploiting Ant Colony Optimization" is a new work which is influenced by the problem arising now a days by the solid waste generated in metro (big) cities. The waste generated on daily bases creates a lot of problem in environment. Solid Waste Management has evolved as a complex discipline in the last decades. One key subsystem of solid waste management is designing vehicle routes with all the realistic constraints. The basic problem consists of collecting garbage house by house and, therefore street by street. The management of urban solid waste is intrinsically complex, because it involves various relative factors, which are often in conflict. Moreover, given that this solution cannot be reduced easily to the optimization, a formal multi-criteria urban waste management approach is needed.

Ethnobotany is very important because it traces the development of humanity. Even the most ancient of civilizations relied upon agriculture and the domestication of certain plants for forage, medicinal, fiber, culinary and dye purposes. Ethnobotany also traces the development of modern Medicine and Herbalism along with the Paper, Chemical & Rubber Industries. It traces the origins of Spiritualism and Shamanism. The mythical Tree of Knowledge of the Bible may have been turned long ago to desert dust during the many wars of the Old World, but it thrives in the peaceful verdant rainforests of the New World, where it has been used to gain knowledge of God, Nature & our Ancestral Relationship with the forest for perhaps 10,000 yrs.

It has been designed as a guide for field identification. The text features relative abundance status, distribution, seasonality, identification characteristics and the larval food plants of each species of butterfly. It is meant for both the interested amateur as well as the initiated.

In Dynamic Random Access Memory, every cell experiences leakage current which consumes part of the stored charge. As the DRAM cell size is shrinking, the leakage is increasing. To maintain the desired data retention time, the leakage current must be kept within the acceptable limit. So, leakage reduction in memories is a topic of great challenge and interest in researchers. This book presents the analysis and design of a DRAM cell for low leakage. For the analysis, trench capacitor DRAM cell has been considered. For the design of trench capacitor DRAM cell, 0.18 m submicron nMOSFET as access transistor and the conventional trench capacitor as storage device have been considered. Various DRAM cell structures, leakage mechanisms in a DRAM cell and process-level techniques for leakage reduction have been reviewed. Process simulation and device simulation of DRAM cell have been done using the ATHENA/ATLAS packages of SILVACO. This book will help the beginners as the book reviews the previous work done by many researchers and provides the trends in DRAM cell designs, theoretical knowledge of leakage mechanisms in DRAM cell and process/device simulation of DRAM cell."