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'The continued poverty of the majority of the planet's inhabitants
and excessive consumption by the minority are the two major causes
of environmental degradation The present course is unsustainable
and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political
leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors
will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to
work. ' From the Synthesis Global Environment Outlook 2000
(GEO-2000) is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis
of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship
publication of the world's leading environmental organization, the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and is based on
information provided by more than 30 regional and international
collaborating centres. The book presents a region-by-region
analysis of the state of the world's environment, highlighting key
global concerns and making recommendations for policy action. The
regions covered include Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and
Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West
Asia and the Polar Areas. Chapter 1: Global Perspectives describes
the main drivers of environmental change, such as the economy,
population growth, political organization and regionalization, as
well as potential impacts of recent global developments including
the growth of the consumer culture, trade and international debt.
Chapter 2: The State of the Environment provides a global and
region-by-region overview of the environment at the end of the
second millennium. The chapter covers global issues such as ozone,
climate change, El Nifio and nitrogen loading, and universal issues
of land and food, forests, biodiversity, freshwater, marine and
coastal areas, atmosphere and urban areas. Chapter 3: Policy
Responses reviews the broad range of policy instruments and
responses being used to address environmental issues, including
multilateral environmental agreements, and analyses the
difficulties of compliance, implementation and assessment. Chapter
4: Future Perspectives looks at environmental issues that will
require priority attention in the 21st century and some alternative
policy options that could be used in the regions. Chapter 5:
Outlook and Recommendations makes recommendations for future action
based on the environmental legacy left by past and present policy
and management systems. GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference
and guide to the state of the global environment. Written in clear,
non-technical language and supported throughout by informative
graphics and tables, it is essential reading for all those involved
in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and
for researchers and students of regional and global environmental
issues. Originally published in 1999
'The continued poverty of the majority of the planet's inhabitants
and excessive consumption by the minority are the two major causes
of environmental degradation The present course is unsustainable
and postponing action is no longer an option. Inspired political
leadership and intense cooperation across all regions and sectors
will be needed to put both existing and new policy instruments to
work. ' From the Synthesis Global Environment Outlook 2000
(GEO-2000) is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis
of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship
publication of the world's leading environmental organization, the
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and is based on
information provided by more than 30 regional and international
collaborating centres. The book presents a region-by-region
analysis of the state of the world's environment, highlighting key
global concerns and making recommendations for policy action. The
regions covered include Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and
Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West
Asia and the Polar Areas. Chapter 1: Global Perspectives describes
the main drivers of environmental change, such as the economy,
population growth, political organization and regionalization, as
well as potential impacts of recent global developments including
the growth of the consumer culture, trade and international debt.
Chapter 2: The State of the Environment provides a global and
region-by-region overview of the environment at the end of the
second millennium. The chapter covers global issues such as ozone,
climate change, El Nifio and nitrogen loading, and universal issues
of land and food, forests, biodiversity, freshwater, marine and
coastal areas, atmosphere and urban areas. Chapter 3: Policy
Responses reviews the broad range of policy instruments and
responses being used to address environmental issues, including
multilateral environmental agreements, and analyses the
difficulties of compliance, implementation and assessment. Chapter
4: Future Perspectives looks at environmental issues that will
require priority attention in the 21st century and some alternative
policy options that could be used in the regions. Chapter 5:
Outlook and Recommendations makes recommendations for future action
based on the environmental legacy left by past and present policy
and management systems. GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference
and guide to the state of the global environment. Written in clear,
non-technical language and supported throughout by informative
graphics and tables, it is essential reading for all those involved
in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and
for researchers and students of regional and global environmental
issues. Originally published in 1999
Economic production indicators such as gross domestic product (GDP)
and the Human Development Index (HDI) fail to reflect the state of
natural resources or ecological conditions and both focus
exclusively on the short term. The Inclusive Wealth Report 2014 is
the second book in an important biennial series that provides a new
framework for measuring the inclusive wealth of nations. It
provides an overview of how the capital asset components of
inclusive wealth evolved between 1990 and 2010, and analyses the
meaning of these trends for sustainability. While the asset base
studied is largely unchanged from the 2012 report, the country
sample has been expanded from 20 to 140 nations and the focus has
shifted from natural to human capital. This report offers a wealth
of information for researchers and policy-makers, identifying key
gaps in data and knowledge, and suggesting specific needs for
future research.
The sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) Assessment for the
Pan-European Region paints a comprehensive picture of the
environmental factors contributing to human health and well-being
at the regional level.
The purpose of this guidance manual is to show how the value of
ecosystem services can be estimated and incorporated into decision
making. Specifically, it is designed to help a broad audience of
conservation managers, government officials, private sector
managers, NGOs, and statisticians to understand the available
information on the values of ecosystem services and how this
information can be transferred to inform the decisions that they
make. It explains why you would undertake a study, who should be
involved, how to implement the study and how to use the results.
The development of this guidance manual was funded by the United
Nations Environment Programme.
This volume studies the risk to the environment and human health
posed by nitroPAHS. Data on the in vivo genotoxicity of nitroPAHs
are available for 15 nitroPAHs. All nitroPAHs that gave positive
results in vivo were also positive in vitro. Four nitroPAHs that
were positive in in vitro genotoxicity tests revealed inconsistent
or inconclusive genotoxicity (2-nitronaphthalene,
5-nitroacenaphthene and 3-nitrofluoranthene) or negative
genotoxicity (2,7-dinitrofluorene; limited validity) results in
vivo. There are no reports on the effects of individual nitroPAHs
on humans. As would be expected, since nitroPAHs occur in complex
mixtures in the atmosphere and exhaust, the exact contribution of
nitroPAHs to the adverse health consequences of exposure to
polluted atmospheres and to exhaust cannot be elucidated.
This book evaluates the risks to human health and the environment
posed by exposure to three flame retardants:
tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP), tris(1
3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP), and tris(2-chloroethyl)
phosphate (TCEP). In view of their many similarities, TCPP and
TDCPP are covered together. Data on all three flame retardants are
extremely limited and largely confined to studies of environmental
levels and adverse effects detected in experimental animals and in
vitro test systems. The monograph on TCPP and TDCPP describes
manufacturing processes and summarizes current uses. The vast
majority of TCPP is used in rigid polyurethane foams, with main
applications in insulation for buildings and in refrigerator
casings. TDCPP is likewise added as a flame retardant to
polyurethane foam and has some additional applications as a flame
retardant for non-woven fabrics. For both chemicals, studies show
that residues are found infrequently and at low concentrations in
food items. For TCPP, traces have been detected in industrial and
domestic effluents but not in surface water or drinking water.
Traces of TDCPP have been detected in sewage effluent, river water,
seawater, drinking water, and water sediment and in fish. In view
of the low volatility of both chemicals, the report concludes that
human exposure from these sources will be very low and will not
present an acute health hazard for the general population.
Likewise, no adverse effects on the environment are anticipated
from the use of either of these flame retardants.Experimental
studies of TCPP in laboratory animals demonstrate low to moderate
toxicity by the oral, dermal, and inhalation routes. Tests indicate
that the chemical is neither a skin nor an eye irritant. No studies
were available to evaluate reproductive toxicity, immunotoxicity,
or carcinogenic potential. In vitro and in vivo mutagenicity
studies produced negative results.Toxicity studies of TDCPP show
low to moderate acute toxicity by the oral route and low acute
toxicity by the dermal route. The report found no evidence of
teratogenicity or mutagenicity. A single carcinogenicity study
found an increased occurrence of several tumors at all exposure
levels tested in both male and female rats. In the absence of data
on the mechanisms of carcinogenic action, the relevance of these
findings to humans could not be assessed. The limited studies of
occupationally exposed workers were judged inadequate for
evaluation.The second monograph evaluates TCEP, a flame retardant
with declining uses in the production of liquid polyester resins
and in textile back-coating formulations. Traces have been detected
in river water, seawater, drinking water, sediment, fish and
shellfish, and a few food items. Experimental studies show low to
moderate acute oral toxicity. In repeat dose experiments, TCEP
caused adverse effects on the brain, liver and kidneys. The report
concludes that TCEP is not an irritant to the eye or skin and is
not teratogenic, although some adverse effects on the fertility of
male rats and mice have been demonstrated. Data indicating low
environmental exposures support the conclusion that TCEP poses a
very low risk of adverse health effects for the general population.
Use of TCEP is not expected to cause any adverse effects on the
environment.
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Endrin (Paperback)
United Nations Environment Programme
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R1,182
Discovery Miles 11 820
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Ships in 10 - 15 working days
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Evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by
endrin, an organochlo-rine insecticide used since the 1950s to
protect cotton, rice, sugar cane, maize, and other crops against a
wide range of agricultural pests. Because of its high toxicity and
persistence in the environment, endrin has been banned in many
countries and severely restricted in others. Ingestion of
contaminated food is the most important route of human exposure.
This is the official report of the United Nations Environment
Assembly of the United Nations Environment Programme submitted to
the General Assembly on its fourth session in Nairobi (11-15 March
2019).
The sixth Global Environment Outlook (GEO-6) Regional Assessment
for Asia and the Pacific paints a comprehensive picture of the
environmental factors contributing to human health and well-being
at the regional level. Backed by a large body of recent, credible
scientific evidence, regional-wide consultations and a robust
intergovernmental process, the assessment demonstrates economic
growth and improved access to basic services in the region.
The indicators used in the past to measure human societies' success
have proven to be insufficient. Economic production indicators such
as gross domestic product (GDP) and the Human Development Index
(HDI) fail to reflect the state of natural resources or ecological
conditions and both focus exclusively on the short term, without
indicating whether national policies are sustainable over longer
periods of time. The Inclusive Wealth Report 2012 presents an index
that measures the wealth of nations by carrying out a comprehensive
analysis of a country's capital assets, including manufactured,
human and natural capital, and its corresponding values: the
Inclusive Wealth Index (IWI). Results show changes in inclusive
wealth from 1990 to 2008 and feature a long-term comparison to GDP
for an initial group of 20 countries. This report provides
policy-makers and planning authorities with a tool to assess the
state of a country's productive base and its development over time.
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO) provides an
overview of critical evaluations and analyses of the interlinkages
between gender and the environment, and their importance for
gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO was first
proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders for the
Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations Conference on
Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United Nations
Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development of the
GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender relevant
indicators to examine the links between gender and the environment.
The report describes policy options and concrete opportunities to
contribute to the future we want - a future of justice and equality
that leaves no one behind. It reflects and builds on the
ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists, policy experts,
gender advocates and members of community groups. And it examines a
wide range of topics, including food production, water and
sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and production,
fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and those who depend
on them for their livelihoods
The Global Gender and Environment Outlook (GGEO): The Critical
Issues provides an overview of critical evaluations and analyses of
the interlinkages between gender and the environment, and their
importance for gender-sensitive policymaking and actions. The GGEO
was first proposed by the Network of Women Ministers and Leaders
for the Environment (NWMLE) to UNEP at the United Nations
Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20). The 2014 United
Nations Environment Assembly subsequently welcomed the development
of the GGEO, and the use of social science information and gender
relevant indicators to examine the links between gender and the
environment. The report describes policy options and concrete
opportunities to contribute to the future we want - a future of
justice and equality that leaves no one behind. It reflects and
builds on the ground-breaking work of hundreds of scientists,
policy experts, gender advocates and members of community groups.
And it examines a wide range of topics, including food production,
water and sanitation, energy, sustainable consumption and
production, fisheries and fishing communities, and forests and
those who depend on them for their livelihoods.
This text provides a comprehensive and authoritative review and
analysis of environmental conditions worldwide. The successor to
"GEO-2000" (1999) and complementary to it, "GEO-3" describes
policies and achievements in all areas of environmental concern
since 1972. It analyses the drivers of environmental change and
uses modelling techniques to project the impacts of different
policies between 2002 and 2032. It is a crucial assessment for the
Earth Summit in Johannesburg in September 2002 and for
environmental policy and research worldwide.;It is clearly
organized in accessible, non-technical language and supported by
colour graphics and quick "highlights". With full bibliography and
index it should be useful for researchers, teachers, students and
policy-makers in environmental science and policy, geography,
politics and international affairs.
Adaptation, vulnerability and resilience of people to climate
change depend upon a range of conditions. These vary from their
degree of exposure and dependency upon weather patterns for
livelihoods and food security, to varying capacities in adaptation,
which are influenced by gender, social status, economic poverty,
power, access, and control and ownership over resources in the
household, community and society. This report demonstrates that
women represent a primary resource for adaptation through their
their experience, responsibilities and strengh, and that women play
a much stronger role in the management of ecosystem services and
food security. Hence, it argues that sustainable adaptation must
focus on gender and the role of women if it is to become
successful.
This report is an up-to-date compilation of the various activities
undertaken by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) in
Iraq between 2003 and 2006. It makes an objective assessment of the
impacts of UNEP's intervention and documents the lessons learnt in
implementing the activities in a complex situation such as Iraq.
The publication provides a significant insight into the overall
success of UNEP's intervention in Iraq.
This report inventories and analyses the range of international
laws that protect the environment during armed conflict. With a
view to identifying the current gaps and weaknesses in this system,
the authors examine the relevant provisions within four bodies of
international law - environmental humanitarian (IHL), international
criminal law (ICL), international environmental law (IEL), and
international human rights law (HRL). The report concludes with
twelve concrete recommendations on ways to strengthen this legal
framework and its enforcement. The Environment and Natural
Resources are crucial for building and consolidating peace, it is
urgent that their protection in times of armed conflict be
strengthened. There can be no durable peace if the natural
resources that sustain livelihoods are damaged or destroyed. This
report provides a basis upon which Member States can draw upon to
clarify, expand and enforce international law on environmental
protection in times of war.
The Arctic region is characterised by some of the largest
continuous intact ecosystems on the planet, but is facing
increasingly larger threats. These threats include the full range
of stressors known from other parts of the world, namely habitat
loss and fragmentation from infrastructure and industrial
development, chemical pollution, overharvesting, climate change and
invasive species infestations. Many of these pressures are mainly
globally driven, including climate change, long-range transported
pollution and even invasive species infestations. Others, such as
harvesting and fragmentation are directly under Arctic governance,
though often driven from demands outside of the Arctic region. This
report takes a broad view of existing multilateral environmental
agreements (MEAs) and examines the role of the global environment
in impacting and influencing the efficiency of Arctic MEAs in
protecting biodiversity and in sustainable development. The report
allows governing and scientific bodies of MEAs, as well as national
decision-makers, to better direct their programmes of work and
other activities to address the needs of Arctic biodiversity and
the region's local and Indigenous Peoples.
Thirteen years after the adoption of UN Security Council Resolution
1325, investment in women as agents of change in peacebuilding
remains inadequate. With this report, UNEP, UN Women, UNDP and PBSO
invite the international community, national governments and civil
society to ensure that peacebuilding efforts fully include women,
especially when it comes to managing natural resources.
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