Text in English & German. The way we sit simultaneously defines privileges, social status, power, and taboos. Parallel to the presentation of China as the guest of honour at the Frankfurt Book Fair 2009, the Museum fur Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt presents a panorama of Chinese sitting culture through a period of five centuries. Exclusive, noble Ming chairs stand side by side with chairs of the 18th and 19th century used by the middle class of that time. Limited sitting sculptures by renowned artist designers such as Shao Fan, Freeman Lau, Kenneth Cobonpue, XYZ-Design and Ji Liwei, who is also in charge of the interior design of the Chinese pavilion at the book fair, are confronted with the bourgeois sofas and sitting of the Chinese middle class of today. The "Bastard Chairs" of migrant workers and the homeless, day-to-day seats improvised out of pure need and made of trash and leftover materials, are commented in the sitting contexts of celebrities: emperors and courtesans, politicians and pop stars, athletes and students of product design show how sitting was done formerly and is done today. It ranges from a man of letters from the Ming era to the Qianglong emperor on the throne to Mao and Nixon in characteristic armchairs in Mao's best room. The most famous contemporary Chinese artist, Ai Weiwei, will also be represented with an excerpt of his grandiose chair performance at the Dokumenta XII. Of course, product piracy, which -- as the typical Chinese dipping figure "Shanzhai" -- has mean-while adopted characteristics that define society, is also dealt with.

BASIC wird sicherlich noch fur geraume Zeit die wohl verbreitetste Programmiersprache darstellen. Den Vorteilen der leichten Erlern barkeit und der interaktiven Programmerstellung stehen allerdings einige Nachteile gegenuber, die bei der Verwendung von Turbo BASIC entfallen, ohne dass die Vorteile des Interpreter-BASIC aufgegeben werden mussten. Die Vorteile von Turbo BASIC lassen sich jedoch nur dann umfassend nutzen, wenn man von einigen Techniken der ublichen BASIC-Program mierung Abstand nimmt: Verwendung von Programmablaufplanen, Voran stellen von Zeilennummern mit der Formulierung von unbedingten Sprunganweisungen zu diesen Nummern, Ausgliederung von Unterpro grammen, die lediglich mittels GOSUB und RETURN angesprochen werden. Die Strukturierungsmoglichkeiten von Turbo BASIC, die die Ermitt lung der Problemlosungen vereinfachen und die Programme ubersicht licher werden lassen, sind nur dann optimal zu nutzen, wenn man anstelle der Programm-Ablauf-Plane Struktogramme (Nassi-Shneider man-Diagramme) verwendet. Zeilennummern konnen eingesetzt werden; sie sind jedoch abgesehen von Fallen der Fehlersuche mittels Trace-Laufen, bei denen sie gezielt an kritischen Punkten des Programmes einzufugen sind, uber flussig und sollten daher auch entfallen, um nicht doch zu einem "GOTO 597" zu verleiten. Da Turbo BASIC anders als z.B. Pascal - samtliche Struktur- rungselemente vollstandig durch schlusselworte klammert, lasst sich ein Struktogramm eins zu eins in ein Turbo-BASIC-Programm ubertra gen - umgekehrt lasst sich aus einem Turbo-BASIC-Programm direkt das zugrundeliegende Struktogramm ablesen, sofern der im Abschnitt 2.4 vorgeschlagene Weg der Einruckung der Programmzeilen verfolgt wird."

Im Bereich der privaten Computeranwendung ist BASIC weitverbrei tet. Dennoch lohnt es sich, einmal die Sprache COMAL COMmon Algorithmic Language naher zu betrachten. FUr die im Vorwort angesprochene Gruppe der SchUler, Studenten und Hobby-Programmierer ist von besonderer Bedeutung, daB der Weg von der Problemlosung zum lauffahigen Programm moglichst kurz und ein fach gehalten ist; der Umgang z.B. mit mehreren Bedienungsebenen ist zu Ubungsintensiv. Der Weg von der Problemlosung zum Programm ist bei der Sprache BASIC extrem kurz - das ist sicher zumindest einer der GrUnde fUr ihre weite Verbreitung. Den Vorteilen der Sprache BASIC - Dialogfahigkeit, gute Fehler lokalisierung, Fehlen von zusatzlichen Befehlstrennzeichen infolge der Zeilenorientierung der Sprache - stehen jedoch einige Nach teile gegenUber, die insbesondere dann zum Tragen kommen, wenn die zu erstellenden Programme Uber den 'IO-Zeiler' hinausgehen. So gibt es in den verbreiteten BASIC-Dialekten zwar die Zahl schleife, es fehlen jedoch Sprachelemente, die es gestatten, eine Folge von Anweisungen zu wiederholen, solange eine bestimmte Bedingung erfUllt ist bzw. bis eine Bedingung erfUllt ist. Die Simulation derartiger Moglichkeiten mit Hilfe von 'goto Zeilen nummer' - Anweisungen erschwert die Lesbarkeit von Programmen wesentlich. UnglUcklich ist weiterhin die Verwendung eines Symbols fUr zwei Zusammenhange. Der dynamische Vorgang, einer Variablen ein n Wert zuzuweisen, sollte streng von dem statischen Vorgang des Uber prUfens der Ubereinstimmung zweier Terme getrennt werden - in der Sprache BASIC Ubernimmt das '='-Zeichen beide Bedeutungen. Hier wUrde die Verwendung des symbolisierten Zuweisungspfeiles ' =' die Lesbarkeit der Programme deutlich erhohen."

Sculptor Claus Bury (b. 1946) has been enhancing public spaces in Germany for more than four decades with his monumental sculptures, which by now total more than 100. His canon of forms is comprised of geometric basic corpuses, such as squares and cubes, triangles and pyramids, rectangles, rhombuses and segments, which he employs in a contemporary Archaic style oriented on the antique structures of Egypt, Greece and Mexico. Bury's sculptures are almost always accessible, and the contingent changes in perspective do not only thematise the basic requirements of the human experience of form and space; they also articulate people's experience in their surroundings, impressively underpinning Hegel's theory that the world has a 'house character' and that man is fundamentally a domestic creature. A spectacular review of Claus Bury's monumental works in ships, gates, houses, arches, bridges and temples. Text in English and German.

Text in German. The theme of this book is nutrition: the manufacture and availability of foodstuffs, and their preparation and presentation in the context of a societys social and cultural development. Nutrition and physical wellbeing are closely linked. Human beings and animals alike need to eat in order to survive. In our rich industrial nations, where the availability of food is taken for granted, attitudes towards food tend toward extremes: asceticism on the one hand, and overindulgence and excess on the other. Over the centuries, methods of food consumption and food preparation have become refined in tandem with the ever more differentiated organisation of human coexistence between these two poles. Regional and social differences in taste-related culture have arisen, each representative of the lifestyle of their time. Today, cooking and the arranging of food may have an almost artistic form, with high expectations for the quality of the product and its preparation. The fact is, however, that we live in a society in which almost all products are industrially produced. We have no power to influence the production process, and the lists of ingredients on the packaging that provide information on the composition of individual foods are puzzling, and make us doubt whether the product is really what it pretends to be. In a wide-ranging tour dhorizon, this book investigates the complex contemporary semantic fields of foods, their production and preparation, their presentation in a commercial context, and their marketing in the media. The author also takes a critical look at the new enthusiasm for DIY food production, baking, and even livestock slaughter, and examines the star system way cooking is presented in the media. The resulting book is a cultural history of food and of eating from a cultural history, sociology, psychology, economy, and media perspective, as they exist within the contemporary discourse on nutrition with its extremes of hype and hubris. Volker Fischer was deputy director of the Deutsches Architekturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main for over ten years. From 1994 to 2012 he has built up a new design department at the Museum for Applied Arts in Frankfurt. At the same time, he taught on the history of architecture and design at the Hochschule fur Gestaltung in Offenbach. Fischer is already represented in Edition Axel Menges by books on Stefan Heiliger, Richard Meier, Stefan Wewerka, the Commerzbank in Frankfurt am Main by Norman Foster, Hall 3 of Messe Frankfurt by Nicholas Grimshaw, on "beauty design" as well as on the design activities of Lufthansa and Apple.

Text in English & German. Cosmetically-enhanced beauty is something that has existed for decades. Over the course of the last century, however, a cosmetics industry has arisen that is worth millions. Its products claim to optimise visual appearance, to bestow inner and outer health and to delay aging, under a veneer of medical credibility and reliable results. Cosmetics deals in alleged 'deep-acting' substances, which are supposed to detoxify and to purify the body from within. However, the whole arsenal of cosmetic ingredients is founded more on persuasion than conviction. Cosmetics is always a matter of mimicking an ideal. To this extent, cosmetic discourse deals in what might be described as an iconography of hunger -- it requires and is predicated upon a feeling of lack. At the same time, it promises to remedy that lack. The referential frame for cosmetics is constituted by cultural history and iconology, by semiotics and sociology, by psychology and rhetoric. Like fashion, it has called into being a linguistic system of considerable depth and complexity; one that draws its subtexts from futurology and history, from medicine and alchemy, from nostalgia and from heritage preservation. Cosmetics are supposed to make one more attractive and more seductive -- to make one positively irresistible, in fact. Cosmetics hold out the prospect of sexiness to women and men alike. All that one has to do is to acquire the right creams and lotions, the right palette of powders and rouges, of lipsticks and mascara, and one has a form of beauty that can be bought! The persuasive power of cosmetics is as dominant as it is irresistible. All of us could resist it if we wished to. And yet we don't wish to. This book exposes the rhetorical system behind the promises of cosmetics in terms of the histories of cultures and of mentalities, analysing the verbal/visual messages of selected examples. The internationally known architecture and design historian Volker Fischer was deputy director of the Deutsches Architekturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main for over ten years. Since 1995 he has built up a new design department in the Museum for Applied Arts in Frankfurt; in addition to his museum work he teaches history of architecture and design at the Hochschule fur Gestaltung in Offenbach. Volker Fischer is already represented in Edition Axel Menges by books on Stefan Wewerka, Richard Meier, the Commerzbank in Frankfurt by Norman Foster, Hall 3 of Messe Frankfurt am Main by Nicholas Grimshaw, and the design activities of Lufthansa.

Text in English & German. Apple Inc, the Californian computer company, has been marked by unparalleled success over the past three and a half decades. Like no other company, it has succeeded in shifting the focus of use from utility to coveted possessions when it comes to computers and electronic entertainment devices such as the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. In addition, each of the products in the i-family have changed their product genres technologically and ergonomically to such an extent that not only have all competitors adopted these new 'user guidances', but hundreds of complementary products have been created around these products as well, from a wide range of accessories to docking stations (ie: veritable radios with external speakers for the iPods and iPhones) that allow users to experience the stored music without headphones. The iPhone has compelled all manufacturers of mobile phones to add smart phones with touch sensitive screens, the touch phones, to their programs. And the iPad will fundamentally transform the handling of video and news as well. Since the introduction of the iPhone, over 200,000 special application programs, the so-called apps, have been made available for these i-devices. In their product genres, these devices have each caused a paradigm shift: they are both leading and cult products, and they represent a development that has leveraged the mobile Internet and delocalised the act of surfing from the home to almost anywhere. The book comments upon this process of 'disruptive technologies', which has taken place only very rarely in the history of technology and design. They leaf through the preconditions and position these innovative devices in product-historical, social, and psychological contexts.

Text in English & German. The inhabitants of our cities have undoubtedly come down with a gardening virus. Gardening is being propagated as the new sex. Wherever one looks, a gardening euphoria is in bloom. We only have to think of the riverbanks restored to their natural state, the urban gardening and urban farming projects springing up all over the world, the green skyscrapers (prospective and actually built) such as, for instance, the utopian farmscrapers of Vincent Callebout, the conversion of former high rail lines into green recreation spaces, the meditation gardens of Piet Oudolf, and the vertical gardens of Patrick Blanc. We dwell on the growing and sprouting, on the sowing and harvesting, with a kind of covert pleasure and sublimated erotic desire. These days, we feel close to greenery, just as we feel close to our pets. We tend and nurture the seeds and stalks, the leaves and flowers, the shrubs and grasses, the bushes and trees, with a matchless solicitude. These culturally coded natural phenomena also have therapeutic qualities, because they offer us self-determination and the possibility to share in social development. This is nothing less than the reintegration of the first, primal nature into the context of the conditions that have become ubiquitous today into the context of what has, today, become 'second nature'. For some people, such as the campaigners of 'Guerilla Gardening', these plants, wild and domestic, provide a way of criticizing the system; others, such as vertical planners of wall gardens like Ken Yeang, utopia-infatuated and bitten by the green bug, presumably see themselves as an avant-garde working in harmony with the system. All of those coming down the garden virus, however, have in common that they see themselves as reformers, as campaigners and as voices arguing for a reconciliation the first and the second, ubiquitous urban, nature, but also between the ecology and the economy. Volker Fischer was deputy director of the Deutsches Architekturmuseum in Frankfurt am Main for over ten years. From 1994 to 2012 he has built up a new design department at the Museum for Applied Arts in Frankfurt. At the same time, he taught on the history of architecture and design at the Hochschule fur Gestaltung in Offenbach. Fischer is already represented in Edition Axel Menges by books on Stefan Heiliger, Richard Meier, Stefan Wewerka, the Commerzbank in Frankfurt am Main by Norman Foster, Hall 3 of Messe Frankfurt by Nicholas Grimshaw, on 'beauty design' as well as on the design activities of Lufthansa and Apple.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2006 im Fachbereich Psychologie - Medienpsychologie, Note: 1,0, Universitat des Saarlandes, 140 Quellen im Literaturverzeichnis, Sprache: Deutsch, Anmerkungen: Die Diplomarbeit umfasst ca. 300 Seiten, detaillierte statistische Berechnungen und ein Thema (Emotionen in der Medienpsychologie), das im Kontext der heutigen Medienlandschaft immer spannender werden wird., Abstract: Wir leben in einem medialen Zeitalter. Ob man das standig wachsende Internet und die riesige Schar seiner Nutzer in den Fokus der Aufmerksamkeit zieht, sich die unzahligen Zeitschriften, Magazine und Werbebroschuren vergegenwartigt oder Statistiken uber durchschnittliche Fernsehnutzungszeiten zu Gesicht bekommt: die Omniprasenz der Medien ist zum Kennzeichen der heutigen Informationsgesellschaft geworden.

Text in English and German. The distinguished architect and Pritzker laureate Richard Meier has attracted public attention mainly with his museum and cultural buildings including the Atheneum in New Harmony, Indiana, the Museum fur Angewandte Kunst in Frankfurt, the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, the Getty Center in Los Angeles, the Stadthaus in Ulm and the Museu d'Art Contemporani de Barcelona. The book accompanies the exhibition of the same name at the Museum for Applied Arts in Frankfurt, which has recently been relaunched with differently conceived museum facilities and new service areas; these are addressed in detail in an appendix to the book.

Norman Foster, one of the most consistent advocates of architec- ture based on modern technology, achieved a world-wide reputa- tion with the headquarters for the Hongkong & Shanghai Banking Corporation in Hong Kong, Stansted Airport in London, Century Tower in Tokyo and his telecommunications tower in Barcelona. His most important projects in Germany are the conversion of the Reichstag building in Berlin and the new Commerzbank headquar- ters in Frankfurt am Main.

Diese Textsammlung vereint Schlusseltexte zu den wesentlichen designtheoretischen Positionen des 20. Jahrhunderts. Sie fuhrt in asthetische Fragestellungen zu Aspekten der materiellen Erscheinungsweise von Gegenstanden ein. Die Beitrage u.a. von Adolf Loos, Le Corbusier, Theodor W. Adorno und Frank Lloyd Wright beschaftigen sich mit dem Verhaltnis von Handwerk und Industrie, den Debatten um Ornament und Stil sowie mit dem Funktionalismus und seinen Kritikern.