Sleep disorders are a widely recognized consequence of many neurological pathologies. This issue of Neurologic Clinics features the following articles: Sleep Physiology; Sleep Assessment Tools for the Neurologist; Fitting Sleep into Neurological Practice;? Insomnia; Parasomnias and look-alikes; Sleep Apnea: Obstructive and central; Restless Legs syndrome; Circadian Rhythm; Pediatric Sleep Disorders; Dementia;? Stroke; Epilepsy; CNS Immunological and Infectious; Movement Disorders; Neuromuscular; Headache; Traumatic Brain Injury; and? Psychiatry in Sleep.

This issue of Sleep Medicine Clinics, Guest Edited by Teofilo Lee-Chiong MD, will focus on Biology of Sleep, with article topics including: Neurology of Sleep; Normal Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Neurobiologic Mechanisms Underlying Sleep and Wakefulness; Physiology of Sleep Disordered Breathing; Evaluation of the Patient Who Has Sleep Complaints: A Case-Based Method Using the Sleep Process Matrix; Sleep States, Memory Processing, and Dreams; Neurobiologic Mechanisms in Chronic Insomnia; Sleep Behavior and Sleep Regulation from Infancy through Adolescence: Normative Aspects; Biological Timekeeping; Neurologic Basis of Sleep Breathing Disorders; Genetics of Sleep Timing, Duration, and Homeostasis in Humans; Sleep in Normal Aging; Modulation of Endocrine Function by Sleep-Wake Homeostasis and Circadian Rhythmicity; Cardiac Activity and Sympathovagal Balance During Sleep; Sleep and Cytokines; Neuropharmacology of Sleep and Wakefulness; Staging Sleep; Respiratory Physiology During Sleep; and Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP), Sleep Disordered Breathing, and Automatic Analysis

Portable Sleep monitoring is a very important method of diagnosis and follow-up for sleep-disordered breathing.? This state-of-the-art issue reviews the most recent information on classification, technical specifications and types of portable monitors, use and limitations of portable monitoring with integration into positive airway pressure treatment. use of portable monitors in children and in patients with oral appliances.? Use of portable monitoring for SDB treatment with upper airway surgery is also discussed.? Current published standards incliding CMS requirements for portable monitoring are reviewed.? Outcome measures, illustrative cases, and a comparison with polysomnogram are included.? Finally, future directions are discussed.

First published in 1943, "Vitamins and Hormones" is the longest-running serial published by Academic Press. The Editorial Board now reflects expertise in the field of hormone action, vitamin action, X-ray crystal structure, physiology and enzyme mechanisms.

Under the capable and qualified editorial leadership of Dr. Gerald Litwack, "Vitamins and Hormones" continues to publish cutting-edge reviews of interest to endocrinologists, biochemists, nutritionists, pharmacologists, cell biologists and molecular biologists. Others interested in the structure and function of biologically active molecules like hormones and vitamins will, as always, turn to this series for comprehensive reviews by leading contributors to this and related disciplines.

This volume focuses on sleep hormones.

Key features:

* Contributions from leading authorities * Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field

This issue on Sleep Electroencephalography (EEG) gives an overview of Electrophysiological readings in sleep with such articles as "The Nuts and Bolts of EEG? and "How the Sleep/Wake EEG Changes Across the Lifespan.? Identifying abnormal EEG activity and patterns in the Electroencephalographic readings is also discussed.? The issue then further focuses in on Seizures and the EEG; specifically, how EEG can be used to diagnosis and identify seizure disorders and differentiate seizures from other paroxysmal nocturnal events, and to diagnose other primary sleep disorders in people with epilepsy.

Excessive Sleepiness, or hypersomnia, is one of the most common sleep complaints.? In this issue, Dr. Alon Avidan of UCLA brings together a set of articles that offer a completely updated overview of hypersomnia, from neurophysiology of sleepiness and wakefulness to quality of life issues and public health.? The main focus of the issue is the diagnosis and treatment of hypersomnia, including objective and subjective measurement of sleepness, biomarkers of sleepiness, narcolepsy, and hypersomnia in medical, neurological and psyhchiatric comorbidities. Excessive sleepiness among specific patient populations (children, elderly) and periodic hypersomnia are discussed.? Pharmacotherapy of hypersomnia is given special attention, as are behavioural treatments.

There are at least four reasons why a sleep clinician should be familiar with rating scales that evaluate different facets of sleep. First, the use of scales facilitates a quick and accurate assessment of a complex clinical problem. In three or four minutes (the time to review ten standard scales), a clinician can come to a broad understanding of the patient in question. For example, a selection of scales might indicate that an individual is sleepy but not fatigued; lacking alertness with no insomnia; presenting with no symptoms of narcolepsy or restless legs but showing clear features of apnea; exhibiting depression and a history of significant alcohol problems. This information can be used to direct the consultation to those issues perceived as most relevant, and can even provide a springboard for explaining the benefits of certain treatment approaches or the potential corollaries of allowing the status quo to continue. Second, rating scales can provide a clinician with an enhanced vocabulary or language, improving his or her understanding of each patient. In the case of the sleep specialist, a scale can help him to distinguish fatigue from sleepiness in a patient, or elucidate the differences between sleepiness and alertness (which is not merely the inverse of the former). Sleep scales are developed by researchers and clinicians who have spent years in their field, carefully honing their preferred methods for assessing certain brain states or characteristic features of a condition. Thus, scales provide clinicians with a repertoire of questions, allowing them to draw upon the extensive experience of their colleagues when attempting to tease apart nuanced problems. Third, some scales are helpful for tracking a patient's progress. A particular patient may not remember how alert he felt on a series of different stimulant medications. Scale assessments administered periodically over the course of treatment provide an objective record of the intervention, allowing the clinician to examine and possibly reassess her approach to the patient. Finally, for individuals conducting a double-blind crossover trial or a straightforward clinical practice audit, those who are interested in research will find that their own clinics become a source of great discovery. Scales provide standardized measures that allow colleagues across cities and countries to coordinate their practices. They enable the replication of previous studies and facilitate the organization and dissemination of new research in a way that is accessible and rapid. As the emphasis placed on evidence-based care grows, a clinician's ability to assess his or her own practice and its relation to the wider medical community becomes invaluable. Scales make this kind of standardization possible, just as they enable the research efforts that help to formulate those standards. The majority of Rating Scales in Sleep and Sleep Disorders: 100 Scales for Clinical Practice is devoted to briefly discussing individual scales. When possible, an example of the scale is provided so that readers may gain a sense of the instrument's content. Groundbreaking and the first of its kind to conceptualize and organize the essential scales used in sleep medicine, Rating Scales in Sleep and Sleep Disorders: 100 Scales for Clinical Practice is an invaluable resource for all clinicians and researchers interested in sleep disorders."

This issue describes in detail the most current thinking on the way genes affect and determine sleep patterns, behaviors, disorders and needs. ? Sleep researchers continue to study genetic markers that may someday lead to a personalized approach to treatment of sleep disorders. The genetics of restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, circadian rhythm disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, and insomnia are discussed. A solid understanding of the role genetics and molecular biology play in sleep will aid clinicians in diagnosing and treating these disorders, as well as advising their patients.

A study of the history of modern insomnia, this book explores how poets, journalists, and doctors of the Victorian period found themselves in near-universal agreement that modernity and sleep were somehow incompatible. It investigates how psychologists, philosophers and literary artists worked to articulate its causes, and its potential cures.

The field of narcolepsy has developed enormously within the last 10 years. Indeed the understanding of the basics of sleep-wake regulation and the discovery of new neurotransmitter systems (the hypocretins) has boosted research and key findings in the field, providing important insights into how sleep is regulated. Consequently narcolepsy now receives a great deal of attention from both clinicians and scientists throughout the world. Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment not only offers an engaging and comprehensive treatment of a fascinating disorder but also includes a DVD that offers a unique and large collection of movies displaying the symptoms of narcolepsy in people and animals. Written by some of the best experts in the field, the book focuses on the pathophysiology of the problem and also provides critical, up-to-date insights on the key clinical issues: how to diagnose the disorder, how to treat it, and how to best manage psychosocial problems. The first and only guide to span the latest advances in narcolepsy, this reference provides sections in etiology, neurochemistry, the role of the hypocretins in sleep-wake regulation, animal models in narcolepsy, the key role of the hypothalamus, REM-sleep dysregulation, diagnosis and classification, and treatment. Compiled by an international group of more than 30 authors, Narcolepsy: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment is an indispensable resource for all clinicians and scientists with an interest in narcolepsy.

This volume explores sleep medicine, sleep science, and the sleep disorders that keep one-quarter of the U.S. population from getting this necessary component of normal cognitive functioning and survival.

With an emphasis on diagnostic techniques, particularly imaging, this handbook shines newfound attention on the genetic and clinical aspects of sleep medicine. Advances in basic science are explored, including a better understanding of sleep-wakefulness and new models of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms. Advancements in the understanding of sleep-wake-dependent genes, gene products, and the role of sleep duration in mortality and morbidity are also presented, along with fascinating noninvasive neuroimaging studies that demonstrate marked changes in function during different sleep states.

Clinicians will gain new insights into the diagnosis of sleep disorders and sleep science. In addition, researchers will have an invaluable tool that will form a foundation for new approaches into the ongoing study of sleep medicine.
* A comprehensive resource for the study of sleep science, sleep medicine, and sleep disorders
* Fascinating noninvasive neuroimaging studies that demonstrate marked changes during different sleep states
* A state-of-the-art reference that summarizes the clinical features and management of many of the neurological manifestations of sleep disorders

This issue dives into the study of sleep function, particularly as it relates to memory and cognition. Any clinician who sees patients with sleep disorders, or in particular any sleep medicine specialist, will find this information enlightening and invaluable, as it discusses the current state of understanding of how sleep affects humans' waking cognitive functions. These review articles describe the research that has taken place, and the lessons that can be taken away from them, so that clinicians can confidently advise their patients on the functional importance of adequate sleep, and recognize cognitive symptoms of inadequate sleep. Articles discuss such topics as animal and human research on sleep and memory, various imaging techniques to describe brain activity during sleep, and the role of dreams.

This issue comprises two parts.? The first part examines pharmacology of drug classes and effects on the slee--wake processes.? The second part focuses on therapeutics for various sleep disorders.? In the first part, basic neuropharmacology of sleep-wake states is discussed.? Other articles review hypnotics, allergy and cardiovascular drugs, anti-convulsant drugs, anti-depressant and anti-psychotic drugs, and stimulants.? The second part focuses on pharmacology for specific sleep disorders: primary insomnia, co-morbid insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders, narcolepsy and disorders of daytime sleepiness, movement disroders, parasomnias, and circadian rhythm disorders.

Since the late 90 s, a renewed interest in the neurobiology of sleep has provided new advancements in the understanding of basic sleep science and the clinical aspects of sleep disorders, with particular interest given to the role of genetics.

From laboratory techniques and therapies, groundbreaking research in sleep-wakefulness, new models of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep mechanisms, to bright light therapy for circadian rhythm sleep disorders, this handbook will provide clinicians and researchers with a state-of-the-art reference that summarizes the clinical features and management of the many neurological manifestations of sleep disorders.

Practitioners will find invaluable research, information, and laboratory techniques on such topics as sleep-wake-dependent genes, the role of sleep duration in mortality and morbidity, and advancements in the understanding of the neurobiology of sleep disorders, including narcolepsy-cataplexy, restless legs syndrome, REM behavior disorders, fatal familiar insomnia, sleep apnea and heart failure, and nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia, amongst others. In addition, significant advancements in therapies and drug protocols are presented.
* Clinical data on groundbreaking advancements in the understanding of basic sleep science
* Invaluable information on new therapies and drug protocols for sleep disorders
* A state-of-the-art reference that includes the role of genetics in sleep medicine"

Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) Therapy is a hugely important therapy option for sleep medicine specialists.? This issue examines PAP therapy from every angle, in adults and children, to deliver a collection of up-to-the-minute reviews for the clinician.? Topics include PAP Adherence, PAP treatment of OSA in adults and children (two separate articles), CPAP/BPAP titration, Adaptive Servo-Ventilation Titration, APAP and alternative titration methods, PAP treatment of Central Sleep Apnea, PAP and CHF, PAP treatment of hypoventilation in children, effects of PAP treatment on Non-CV medical disorders and on cardiovascular function, Adjunctive measures in PAP (oxygen, humidification, hypnotics) and NPPV titration and treatment.

This issue offers a valuable update in the fast-moving specialty of sleep medicine.? Topics covered include: The Neurobiology of Sleep; Adult Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Central Sleep Apnea (including complex sleep apnea and ASV); Pediatric Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders; Hypoventilation Syndromes; Metabolism in OSA; Cardiovascular Consequences of Sleep Apnea; Home Sleep Apnea Testing; Insomnia; Excessive Sleepiness; Narcolepsy; Restless Leg Syndrome and Movement Disorders; Parasomnia; Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders; Medication Effects on Sleep; and Polysomnography.

This issue is divided into two sections. Varied BSM Targets and The Insomnias. Topics in the Varied BSM Targets section include: CPAP Compliance, Periodic Leg Movement Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome, Circadian Rhythm Disorders, Nightmares, Women's Sleep, Insomnia in Caregivers, Sleep Deprived Physicians. Topics in the Insomnias section include: Cognitive Mechanisms in Insomnia, Physiological Mechanisms in Insomnia, Primary Insomnia, Comorbid Insomnia, Hypnotic-Dependent Insomnia, and Late-Life Insomnia.

In Sleep medicine, as in most disciplines, understanding of epidemiology plays a crucial role in clinical treatment of sleep disorders. This issue discusses several recent, large epidemiologic studies with a specific focus on the clinical implications of the findings. Studies discussed include the Penn State Child Cohort, the Tucson Children's Assessment of Sleep Apnea Study, the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study, the Sleep Heart Health Study, the Bay Area Sleep Cohort, an ongoing study in Iceland, and the CARDIA Sleep Study.

Integrative Therapies in Lung Health and Sleep provides an overview of integrative therapies to assist clinicians caring for patients with acute or chronic lung diseases and sleep disorders-- emphasizing the scientific bases for these therapies; and their implementation into clinical practice. This volume focuses on complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments, modalities, and practices that are integrated with conventional medical treatment and for which there is some evidence of safety and efficacy. Whole Medical Systems, with a specific focus on Traditional Chinese Medicine, are also addressed. Individual chapters are devoted to specific health conditions or illnesses, addressing the current state of the science in the four organizing CAM domains, including available information regarding benefits, risks, or safety considerations. Unique aspects of this volume are the chapters related to evaluation of the evidence base for integrative therapies; new animal model research with herbal preparations focused on the serious problem of sepsis in the ICU; guidance for counseling patients with chronic lung illnesses who may be desperate for a cure; and palliative and end-of-life care for patients with chronic lung conditions. Clinicians in various health care settings will find Integrative Therapies in Lung Health and Sleep beneficial in their practice, particularly as the use of integrative therapies becomes more widespread.

There are more than 80 different sleep disorders including insomnia, sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and parasomnia. Good sleep is necessary for optimal health and can affect hormone levels and weight. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and biomedical signals and images can help in healthcare diagnostics that are related to these and other sleep disorders. Advancing the Investigation and Treatment of Sleep Disorders Using AI presents an overview of sleep disorders based on machine intelligence methods in order to learn and explore the latest advancements, developments, methods, systems, futuristic approaches, and algorithms towards sleep disorders and to address their challenges. This book also discusses recent and future advancements in various feature extraction techniques and machine learning methods. Covering topics such as biomedical signal processing, augmented reality for clinical investigation, and sleep disorder detection, this book is essential for sleep medicine practitioners, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, medical technologists, doctors, IT specialists, biomedical engineers, researchers, graduate students, and academicians.

This book presents for the first time a view of a sensory system working in a different state-that of the sleeping brain. The auditory system is always "open" receiving information from the environment and the body itself (conscious and unconscious data). Even during sleep the auditory information is processed, although in a different way. This book draws information from evoked potentials, fMRI, PET, SPECT, lesions, etc., together with electrophysiological online data in order to depict how the auditory system single unit activity, recorded during sleep, revealed the possibility of sensory information participation in sleep processes.
* Presents diverse experimental viewpoints from the beginning of classical electroencephalography to the more recent imaging, single units, electro-magneto-encephalography studies, etc.
* Includes classic data as well as new data based in the existing literature and on the long scientific research lines (auditory and sleep) developed by the author and coworkers on this subject since 1963

This comprehensive book pulls together the essential elements needed to assess sleep apnea patients for the transoral robotic surgical approach and how to optimize the surgery. Detailed information on patient selection, pre-operative work up, anesthesiological pre and post-operative management, surgery, complication prevention and management is provided along with background on sleep medicine and sleep surgery. Authored for ENT surgeons, head and neck specialists and neurologists, pneumonologists, sleep doctors as well for anesthesiologists, chapters offer solutions pulled from experts in the field of sleep surgery and information relevant to geographic areas worldwide.

Fatigue is quite a familiar sensation, one that everyone is likely to have experienced. Its molecular and neural mechanisms have not yet been elucidated, however, probably because of the complicated nature of its causes. To provide a broad forum for discussion, the International Conference on Fatigue Science was organized, the first being held in 2002 in Sandhamn, Sweden, and the second in 2005 in Karuizawa, Japan. Subsequently it was decided that the papers presented at the two conferences should be collected and incorporated in this pioneering work, Fatigue Science for Human Health. The book summarizes fatigue researchers' achievements, explains the status of the research on fatigue, and presents perspectives on remedies for chronic fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome. The result is an authoritative guide to recent progress in the molecular and neural mechanisms of fatigue and in the development of the ways to prevent and overcome fatigue and chronic fatigue. This book provides a valuable resource not only for physicians but for all who work in public health.