A symposium titled, "Touch in Infancy" was held to celebrate the opening of the first Touch Research Institute in the world. Although touch is the largest sense organ in the body, it is the one that had been the most neglected and the only one to just recently have a research institute. Designed to conduct basic research on touch and on the skin, the institute will work with wellness programs such as massage therapy and other kinds of touch therapies to facilitate better health and to treat various diseases. The institute's opening symposium featured presentations from several of the world's leading experts in infant development. Published in this volume, their work addresses the relevance of touch to the neonate's well-being.

This book offers a fascinating yet disturbing account of the significance of racism in the lives of five and six year old children, drawing upon data from an in-depth study of an inner-city, multi-ethnic primary school and its surrounding community. It represents one of the only detailed studies to give primacy to the voices of the young children themselves - giving them the space to articulate their own experiences and concerns. Together with detailed observation of the children in the school and local community, it provides an important account of how and why they draw upon discourses on race in the development of their gender identities. The book graphically highlights the understanding that these children have of issues of race, gender and sexuality and the active role they play in using and reworking this knowledge to make sense of their experiences.

Looking In Depth At The Main Issues Of Emotional And Behavioural difficulties of 7-11 year olds, this book draws on recent study material and projects to suggest practical ways of dealing with such difficulties in schools, and to give a clearer understanding of the problems posed by children with EBDs. Key topics covered include educating children with Emotional And Behavioural Difficulties Ebds In Mainstream And Special schools, disruptive behaviour and bullying, withdrawal, anxiety and depression, identification and assessment and how schools, parents and others can help.

This reader contains source material for an up-to-date study of child development as it applies to major issues in child care and education. The emphasis is on studying early childhood in cultural contexts - in families and in preschool settings. Part 1 elaborates a socio-cultural approach to early development, taking emotional attachment, communication and language and daycare as examples. Part 2 considers how children's emerging capacities for empathy, inter-subjectivity and social understanding enable them to negotiate, talk about and play out relationship themes, both in the family and preschool. Part 3 concentrates on early learning, with chapters on the way parents support children's acquisition of new skills, young children negotiating their role in learner-teacher relationships and toddlers learning to collaborate with each other. Part 4 continues the theme of children's initiation into socio-cultural practices from a cross-cultural perspective, with studies drawn from such diverse contexts as Cameroon, Guatemala, Italy, Japan and the United States. This is the first of three readers which have been specially prepared as readers for the Open University MA Course: ED840 Child Development in Families, Schools and Society.

In this companion volume to "Useful Toil", John Burnett has drawn extensively on over 800 previously unpublished manuscripts. The result is a record of childhood that reveals in intimate detail the trials and hard-won triumphs of 19-century working-class life. Besides offering rare insights into the developing child's world of dreams, hopes and fears, they reflect a crucial period in the evolution of a family tradition; a time when, to counteract the brutalizing pressures of urbanization and industrialization, ordinary people turned to each other for support. Children have seldom had a voice in history: individual to the last, these writers and their experiences take their place as part of the essential fabric of our past. Burnett has also plublished "Plenty and Want: A Social History of Diet in England From 1815 to the Present" (Routledge); "A History of the Cost of Living (1969); "The Challenge of the Nineteenth Century" (1970); "Useful Toil" (1974); "Destiny Obscure" (1982); and "Idle Hands: The Experience of Unemployment, 1790-1990" (Routledge).

The Subcultural Imagination discusses young adults in subcultures and examines how sociologists use qualitative research methods to study them. Through the application of the ideas of C. Wright Mills to the development of theory-reflexive ethnography, this book analyses the experiences of young people in different subcultural settings, as well as reflecting on how young people in subcultures interact in the wider context of society, biography and history. From Cuba to London, and Bulgaria to Asia, this book delves into urban spaces and street corners, young people's parties, gigs, BDSM fetish clubs, school, the home, and feminist zines to offer a picture of live sociology in practice. In three parts, the volume explores: history, biography and subculture; practising reflexivity in the field; epistemologies, pedagogies and the subcultural subject. The book offers cutting edge theory and rich empirical research on social class, gender and ethnicities from both established and new researchers across diverse disciplinary backgrounds. It moves the subcultural debate beyond the impasse of the term's relevance, to one where researchers are fully engaged with the lives of the subcultural subjects. This innovative edited collection will appeal to scholars and students in the areas of sociology, youth studies, media and cultural studies/communication, research methods and ethnography, popular music studies, criminology, politics, social and cultural theory, and gender studies.

Hilary Pilkington explores how Russian youth culture has changed since the introduction of "perestroika" and the collapse of communism. Her groundbreaking work applies the methods of cultural studies to the analysis of Russian youth. She deconstructs the social discourses within which Russian youth has been constructed and provides an alternative reading of youth cultural activity based on an ethnographic study of Moscow youth culture at the end of the 1980s. Pilkington also charts the development of western youth cultural studies in the twentieth century and suggests some ways forward in light of the Russian experience.
The first ethnographic study of Russian youth culture by a western academic, the book traces the cultural themes of youth culture in the Anglo-American tradition and within the former Soviet Union. It examines the impact of "perestroika" on the Russian media and its ramifications for the discussion of youth. The book includes studies of young people and youth cultural groups in Moscow drawn from extensive field work and interviews in the city.

Hilary Pilkington explores how Russian youth culture has changed since the introduction of "perestroika" and the collapse of communism. Her groundbreaking work applies the methods of cultural studies to the analysis of Russian youth. She deconstructs the social discourses within which Russian youth has been constructed and provides an alternative reading of youth cultural activity based on an ethnographic study of Moscow youth culture at the end of the 1980s. Pilkington also charts the development of western youth cultural studies in the twentieth century and suggests some ways forward in light of the Russian experience.
The first ethnographic study of Russian youth culture by a western academic, the book traces the cultural themes of youth culture in the Anglo-American tradition and within the former Soviet Union. It examines the impact of "perestroika" on the Russian media and its ramifications for the discussion of youth. The book includes studies of young people and youth cultural groups in Moscow drawn from extensive field work and interviews in the city.

Youth music is the most creative and contested location on the cultural landscape. It is a vehicel for generational moods and aspirations, a public refuge for fantasies outlawed in daily life, a testing ground for technical ingenuity, an enormously profitable commercial channel for mainstream narratives of thought and behaviour, and one of the corporate state's main theatres for national moral panic. Today's sounds and the debates about their various forms, are inseparable from teh social conditions of the last two decades: class polarization, racial marginalisation, and economic violence enacted to a degree that has left youth, as a whole, with drastically reduced opportunities in life. Youth culture is still responding to these uneven developments with a passion that has been romanticised by some critics as a significant form of resistance, and denigrated by others as an avoidance of direct and political protest.
Microphone Fiends, a collection of original essays and interviews, brings together some of the best known scholars, critics, journalists and performers to focus on the contemporary scene. It includes theoretical discussions of musical history along with social commentaries about genres like disco, metal and rap music, and case histories of specific movements like the Riots Girls, funk clubbing in Rio de Janeiro, and the British rave scene. The contents of the volume engage with the broad tradition of cultural studies and sociology of youth music and culture, but it is also designed to address audiences reached by mainstream music journalism and fans of any musical taste. responding

Identity has been a topical issue in both popular and social science literatures for the past forty years. The writings of Erik Erikson on the identity formation process of late adolescence have provided an important theoretical foundation to clinical, counseling, and educational practices. As the literature on adolescent development has burgeoned over the last three decades, so have efforts to understand, more systematically, the means by which young people find their occupational, religious, political, sexual and relational roles in life.
One of the most popular research traditions to spring from Erikson's clinical observations has been the ego identity status approach developed by James Marcia. This approach has expanded Erikson's concept of identity to describe four distinct styles by which adolescents and adults deal with identity-defining issues. The present volume reflects the most recent efforts of social scientists who have contributed further to the work that Erikson and Marcia began -- an exhaustive analysis of the issues inherent in the adolescent identity formation process.

Facing a crisis unlike that of any other generation, young people are caught between the discourses of consumerism and a powerful crime-control-complex, and are viewed increasingly as commodities or are subjected to the dictates of an ever expanding criminal justice system. Drawing upon critical analyses, biography, and social theory, Disposable Youth explores the current conditions of young people now face within an emerging culture of privatization, insecurity, and commodification and raises some important questions regarding the role that educators, young people, and concerned citizens might play in challenging the plight of young people, while deepening and extending the promise of a better future and a viable democracy.

The rise of the health, beauty and fitness industries in recent years has led to an increased focus on the body. Body image, gender and health are issues of long-standing concern in sociology and in youth studies, but a theoretical and empirical focus on the body has been largely missing from this field. This book explores young people's understandings of their bodies in the context of gender and health ideals, consumer culture, individualisation and image. Body Work examines the body in youth studies. It explores paradoxical aspects of gendered body work practices, highlighting the contradiction in men's increased participation in these industries as consumers alongside the re-emphasis of their gendered difference. It explores the key ways in which the ideal body is currently achieved, via muscularising practices, slimming regimes and cosmetic procedures. Coffey investigates the concept of 'health' and how it is inextricably linked both to the bodily performance of gender ideals and an increased public emphasis on individual management and responsibility in the pursuit of a 'healthy' body. This book's conceptual framework places it at the forefront of theoretical work concerning bodies, affect and images, particularly in its development of Deleuzian research. It will appeal to a wide range of scholars and students in fields of youth studies, education, sociology, gender studies, cultural studies, affect and body studies.

Restless Youth in Ancient Rome presents an inclusive portrayal of the perceptions the Romans had of youth and of the role of this age group in a wide variety of domains - philosphy, literature, education, the law, the army, politics, leisure, amorous pursuits and family life. Emiel Eyben considers the involved farrago of thoughts, feelings and behaviour of youth throughout the period and shows how youth itself put its stamp on its environment.

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Mike Brake suggests that subcultures develop in response to social problems which a group experiences collectively, and shows how individuals draw on collective identities to define themselves.

Adolescence is a turbulent period, a time when young people are particularly prone to risky behaviour, such as drug use and unprotected sex. Risk Takers provides a comprehensive view of youthful involvement with drinking, smoking, illicit drug use, and sexual activity. In particular, the authors explore the evidence linking alcohol, drug use, disinhibition and risky sex. They discuss these issues in relation to evidence suggesting that some forms of risk-taking are interconnected. Though some young people are especially prone to take risks due to poverty and social advantage, the authors emphasize that risk-taking is commonplace adolescent behaviour, difficult to restrain or curb. They remind us that past attempts to reduce youthful alcohol and drug misuse have produced disappointing results, and they also point out that most young people have not modified their sexual behaviour in the light of the risks of AIDS. Risk-taking is unlikely to be prevented by mass media campaigns or bland slogans such as Just Say No. The authors examine the effectiveness of preventive strategies and public policy and emphasize the importance of harm-minimization strategies.

Adolescence is a turbulent period, a time when young people are particularly prone to risky behaviour, such as drug use and unprotected sex. Risk Takers provides a comprehensive view of youthful involvement with drinking, smoking, illicit drug use, and sexual activity. In particular, the authors explore the evidence linking alcohol, drug use, disinhibition and risky sex. They discuss these issues in relation to evidence suggesting that some forms of risk-taking are interconnected. Though some young people are especially prone to take risks due to poverty and social advantage, the authors emphasize that risk-taking is commonplace adolescent behaviour, difficult to restrain or curb. They remind us that past attempts to reduce youthful alcohol and drug misuse have produced disappointing results, and they also point out that most young people have not modified their sexual behaviour in the light of the risks of AIDS. Risk-taking is unlikely to be prevented by mass media campaigns or bland slogans such as Just Say No. The authors examine the effectiveness of preventive strategies and public policy and emphasize the importance of harm-minimization strategies.

Over the past decade, our understanding of the fundamental differences in child development, behavior, and emotional maturity between boys and girls has increased dramatically, and as a result, many gender-specific interventions and support programs have been developed to meet the needs of parents, teachers, and mental health professionals. However, these all take the form of responses designed to minimize an already disruptive behavior pattern. What has been needed is a pro-active program whose goal is to instill positive skills and patterns in 'at-risk' boys, rather than waiting to address problems after they are already visible. The BAM! Boys Advocacy and Mentoring program fills this need by providing the first guidebook for group facilitators who want to lead preventative boys groups designed to foster communication skills and emotional connections. Based on years of research and refined over the course of countless sessions run by the authors, the program has been field-tested and tailored for use either in the school setting or outside. Over a series of group sessions, participants are encouraged to understand their emotions and interpersonal interactions without losing a sense of 'maleness' as a result of emotional growth and communication with peers about personal issues. The activities are designed to be engaging across age groups, and the individual exercises and program structure can be modified to fit into any existing school- or community-based mentoring system. The guidebook contains all of the information and tools a facilitator needs in order to implement and maintain these boys groups.

Structure and Agency in Young People's Lives brings together different takes on the possible combinations of agency and structure in the life course, thus rejecting the notion that young individuals are the single masters of their lives, but also the view that their social destinies are completely out of their hands. 'How did I get here?' This is a question young people have always asked themselves and is often asked by youth researchers. There is no easy and single answer. The lives that are told, on one hand, and their interpretation, on the other, may have the underlying idea of 'own doing' or the idea of 'social determinism' or, more accurately and frequently, a combination of the two. This collection constitutes a comprehensive map on how to make sense of youth's biographies and trajectories, it questions and reshapes the discussion on the role and responsibility of youth studies in the understanding of how people juggle opportunities and constraints, and contributes to escaping what Furlong and Cartmel identified as the "epistemological fallacy of late modernity", in which young people find themselves responsible for collective failures or inevitabilities. It can thus interest students, researchers and professors, youth workers and all of those who work for and with young people.

"The Erosion of Childhood" discusses the changing status of children from the mid-Victorian period to the end of World War I. The author emphasizes that their status was as objects to be used and abused, rather than as people with personalities in their own right. The book encompasses the worlds of work, school and home, in which children were exploited, and reviews the conditions to which they were subjected. The author explains how, with time, such conditions came to be improved, and looks at the way in which the child as worker inspired the first legislative attempts to ensure a basic education. Such attempts were, he believes, inspired not so much from altruistic reasons as to "make the child more civilized" and disciplined as good factory fodder.

This work grew out of the International Conference on Children and Death held in Athens, Greece in October 1989. The conference brought together professionals from different cultures, backgrounds, theoretical perspectives and clinical settings to share their knowledge, insight and support in promoting the philosophy of death education, hospice care and bereavement support to children and families in need. Some of the questions addressed include: How can we educate children about death? How can we best support them when they are grieving? How can we best understand the bereavement process experienced by family members when a child dies?

Part 1 of this text provides an account of socialization as it is commonly conceived of by sociologists, offers criticisms of socialization as a concept, and details the wide range of ideas and data that come to light when investigators move beyond socialization to other ways of looking at children. The papers in parts 2 and 3 grow out of the criticisms and embody the insights of part 1. These papers expand understanding of children's social worlds and exemplify the contributions that are claimed in part 1 to emerge from moving "beyond socialization." Part 2 consists of papers that display a range of adult perspectives on children. The papers in part 3 bring into clear view the richness of the worlds of children and the extensive work that children do to create and sustain their worlds. Read in conjuction with the articles in part 2, they show that adults' views of children and the actual social worlds that children inhabit are quite different.

This book examines ways of developing research on young people's sexual cultures in the context of a media-saturated and technology-focused contemporary culture, an area of study that remains relatively unexplored despite heightened concern about young people, sex and culture. Unlike the widespread sensationalist reporting about the 'pornification' of young people's lives and the policy documents which have emerged on 'sexualization', the book foregrounds the need for a critical approach which recognizes the complexity of culture and is able to unpack what is at stake in the construction of particular views and practices. It emphasizes how concerns about 'harm' and 'risk', however well-intentioned, can work against young people's interests and argues that education will only be effective if it engages with young people and is based on a commitment to young people's rights and to the broader notion of sexual rights. Drawing together key researchers in the area the book examines health policy, sex and relationships education, sex abuse therapy, television production, sport, internet use, and the production and consumption of commercial goods and media. This book will be of interest to the many academics and groups who are concerned with young people's sexual cultures and their place within society. This book was originally published as a special issue of Sex Education.

In the groundbreaking work, Thomas Hine examines the American teenager as a social invention shaped by the needs of the twentieth century. With intelligence, insight, imagination, and humorm he traces the culture of youth in America-from the spiritual trials of young Puritans and the vision quests of Native Americans to the media-blitzed consumerism of contempory thirteen-to-nineteen -year-olds. The resulting study is a glorious appreciation of youth that challenges us to confront our sterotypesm, rethink our expectations, and consider anew the lives of those individuals who are blessing, our bane, and our future.

C.G. Jung's "archetypes of the collective unconscious" have until now remained the property of analytical psychology, and been commonly dismissed as mystical by scientists. But Jung himself described them as biological entities, which have evolved through natural selection, and which, if they exist at all, must be amenable to empirical study. In the work of Bowlby and Lorenz, and in the recent studies of the bilateral brain, Dr Anthony Stevens has discovered the key to opening up this long-ignored scientific approach to the archetype, originally envisaged by Jung himself. Through the cross-fertilisation of disciplines, psychiatry can be integrated with psychology, with ethology and biology. The result is an enriched science of human behaviour.