As the interaction of mathematics and theoretical physics continues to intensify, the theories developed in mathematics are being applied to physics, and conversely. This book centers around the theory of primitive forms which currently plays an active and key role in topological field theory (theoretical physics), but was originally developed as a mathematical notion to define a "good period mapping" for a family of analytic structures. The invited papers in this volume are expository in nature by participants of the Taniguchi Symposium on "Topological Field Theory, Primitive Forms and Related Topics" and the RIMS Symposium bearing the same title, both held in Kyoto. The papers reflect the broad research of some of the world's leading mathematical physicists, and should serve as an excellent resource for researchers as well as graduate students of both disciplines.

This introduction to some basic ideas in algebraic topology is devoted to the foundations and applications of homology theory. After the essentials of singular homology and some important applications are given, successive topics covered include attaching spaces, finite CW complexes, cohomology products, manifolds, Poincare duality, and fixed point theory. This second edition includes a chapter on covering spaces and many new exercises.

Homology theory is a powerful algebraic tool that is at the centre of current research in topology and its applications. This accessible textbook will appeal to mathematics students interested in the application of algebra to geometrical problems, specifically the study of surfaces (sphere, torus, Mobius band, Klein bottle). In this introduction to simplicial homology - the most easily digested version of homology theory - the author studies interesting geometrical problems, such as the structure of two-dimensional surfaces and the embedding of graphs in surfaces, using the minimum of algebraic machinery and including a version of Lefschetz duality. Assuming very little mathematical knowledge, the book provides a complete account of the algebra needed (abelian groups and presentations), and the development of the material is always carefully explained with proofs given in full detail. Numerous examples and exercises are also included, making this an ideal text for undergraduate courses or for self-study.

Homology theory is a powerful algebraic tool that is at the centre of current research in topology and its applications. This accessible textbook will appeal to mathematics students interested in the application of algebra to geometrical problems, specifically the study of surfaces (sphere, torus, Mobius band, Klein bottle). In this introduction to simplicial homology - the most easily digested version of homology theory - the author studies interesting geometrical problems, such as the structure of two-dimensional surfaces and the embedding of graphs in surfaces, using the minimum of algebraic machinery and including a version of Lefschetz duality. Assuming very little mathematical knowledge, the book provides a complete account of the algebra needed (abelian groups and presentations), and the development of the material is always carefully explained with proofs given in full detail. Numerous examples and exercises are also included, making this an ideal text for undergraduate courses or for self-study.

A new foundation of Topology, summarized under the name Convenient Topology, is considered such that several deficiencies of topological and uniform spaces are remedied. This does not mean that these spaces are superfluous. It means exactly that a better framework for handling problems of a topological nature is used. In this setting semiuniform convergence spaces play an essential role. They include not only convergence structures such as topological structures and limit space structures, but also uniform convergence structures such as uniform structures and uniform limit space structures, and they are suitable for studying continuity, Cauchy continuity and uniform continuity as well as convergence structures in function spaces, e.g. simple convergence, continuous convergence and uniform convergence. Various interesting results are presented which cannot be obtained by using topological or uniform spaces in the usual context. The text is self-contained with the exception of the last chapter, where the intuitive concept of nearness is incorporated in Convenient Topology (there exist already excellent expositions on nearness spaces).

The articles in this volume are an outgrowth of an International Confer- ence in Intersection Theory that took place in Bologna, Italy (December 1997). In a somewhat unorthodox format aimed at both the mathematical community as well as summer school students, talks were research-oriented as well as partly expository. There were four series of expository talks by the following people: M. Brion, University of Grenoble, on Equivariant Chow groups and applications; H. Flenner, University of Bochum, on Joins and intersections; E. M. Friedlander, Northwestern University, on Intersection products for spaces of algebraic cycles; R. Laterveer, University of Strasbourg, on Bigraded Chow (co)homology. Four introductory papers cover the following topics and bring the reader to the forefront of research: 1) the excess intersection algorithm of Stuckrad and Vogel, combined with the deformation to the normal cone, together with many of its geo- metric applications; 2) new and very important homotopy theory techniques that are now used in intersection theory; 3) the Bloch-Beilinson filtration and the theory of motives; 4) algebraic stacks, the modern language of moduli theory. Other research articles concern such active fields as stable maps and Gromov-Witten invariants, deformation theory of complex varieties, and others. Organizers of the conference were Rudiger Achilles, Mirella Manaresi, and Angelo Vistoli, all from the University of Bologna; the scientific com- mittee consisted of Geir Ellingsrud, University of Oslo, William Fulton, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and Angelo Vistoli. The conference was financed by the European Union (contract no.

The book is based on my lecture notes "Infinite dimensional Morse theory and its applications," 1985, Montreal, and one semester of graduate lectures delivered at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, 1987. Since the aim of this monograph is to give a unified account of the topics in critical point theory, a considerable amount of new materials has been added. Some of them have never been published previously. The book is of interest both to researchers following the development of new results, and to people seeking an introduction into this theory. The main results are designed to be as self-contained as possible. And for the reader's convenience, some preliminary background information has been organized. The following people deserve special thanks for their direct roles in help ing to prepare this book. Prof. L. Nirenberg, who first introduced me to this field ten years ago, when I visited the Courant Institute of Math Sciences. Prof. A. Granas, who invited me to give a series of lectures at SMS, 1983, Montreal, and then the above notes, as the primary version of a part of the manuscript, which were published in the SMS collection. Prof. P. Rabinowitz, who provided much needed encouragement during the academic semester, and invited me to teach a semester graduate course after which the lecture notes became the second version of parts of this book. Professors A. Bahri and H. Brezis who suggested the publication of the book in the Birkhiiuser series."

From the reviews: "The book is well written. We find here many examples. Each chapter is followed by exercises, and at the end of the book there are outline solutions to some of them. [...] I especially appreciated the lively style of the book; [...] one is quickly able to find necessary details." EMS Newsletter

This book is an introduction to modern methods of symplectic topology. It is devoted to explaining the solution of an important problem originating from classical mechanics: the 'Arnold conjecture', which asserts that the number of 1-periodic trajectories of a non-degenerate Hamiltonian system is bounded below by the dimension of the homology of the underlying manifold. The first part is a thorough introduction to Morse theory, a fundamental tool of differential topology. It defines the Morse complex and the Morse homology, and develops some of their applications. Morse homology also serves a simple model for Floer homology, which is covered in the second part. Floer homology is an infinite-dimensional analogue of Morse homology. Its involvement has been crucial in the recent achievements in symplectic geometry and in particular in the proof of the Arnold conjecture. The building blocks of Floer homology are more intricate and imply the use of more sophisticated analytical methods, all of which are explained in this second part. The three appendices present a few prerequisites in differential geometry, algebraic topology and analysis. The book originated in a graduate course given at Strasbourg University, and contains a large range of figures and exercises. Morse Theory and Floer Homology will be particularly helpful for graduate and postgraduate students.

The idea of this book originated from two series of lectures given by us at the Physics Department of the Catholic University of Petr6polis, in Brazil. Its aim is to present an introduction to the "algebraic" method in the perturbative renormalization of relativistic quantum field theory. Although this approach goes back to the pioneering works of Symanzik in the early 1970s and was systematized by Becchi, Rouet and Stora as early as 1972-1974, its full value has not yet been widely appreciated by the practitioners of quantum field theory. Becchi, Rouet and Stora have, however, shown it to be a powerful tool for proving the renormalizability of theories with (broken) symmetries and of gauge theories. We have thus found it pertinent to collect in a self-contained manner the available information on algebraic renormalization, which was previously scattered in many original papers and in a few older review articles. Although we have taken care to adapt the level of this book to that of a po- graduate (Ph. D. ) course, more advanced researchers will also certainly find it useful. The deeper knowledge of renormalization theory we hope readers will acquire should help them to face the difficult problems of quantum field theory. It should also be very helpful to the more phenomenology oriented readers who want to famili- ize themselves with the formalism of renormalization theory, a necessity in view of the sophisticated perturbative calculations currently being done, in particular in the standard model of particle interactions.

In recognition of professor Shiing-Shen Chern s long and distinguished service to mathematics and to the University of California, the geometers at Berkeley held an International Symposium in Global Analysis and Global Geometry in his honor in June 1979. The output of this Symposium was published in a series of three separate volumes, comprising approximately a third of Professor Chern s total publications up to 1979. Later, a fourth volume was published, focusing on papers written during the Eighties. This first volume comprises selected papers written between 1932 and 1975. In making the selections, Professor Chern gave preference to shorter and lesser-known papers."

Compactness in topology and finite generation in algebra are nice properties to start with. However, the study of compact spaces leads naturally to non-compact spaces and infinitely generated chain complexes; a classical example is the theory of covering spaces. In handling non-compact spaces we must take into account the infinity behaviour of such spaces. This necessitates modifying the usual topological and algebraic cate gories to obtain "proper" categories in which objects are equipped with a "topologized infinity" and in which morphisms are compatible with the topology at infinity. The origins of proper (topological) category theory go back to 1923, when Kere kjart6 [VT] established the classification of non-compact surfaces by adding to orien tability and genus a new invariant, consisting of a set of "ideal points" at infinity. Later, Freudenthal [ETR] gave a rigorous treatment of the topology of "ideal points" by introducing the space of "ends" of a non-compact space. In spite of its early ap pearance, proper category theory was not recognized as a distinct area of topology until the late 1960's with the work of Siebenmann [OFB], [IS], [DES] on non-compact manifolds.

The most modern and thorough treatment of unstable homotopy theory available. The focus is on those methods from algebraic topology which are needed in the presentation of results, proven by Cohen, Moore, and the author, on the exponents of homotopy groups. The author introduces various aspects of unstable homotopy theory, including: homotopy groups with coefficients; localization and completion; the Hopf invariants of Hilton, James, and Toda; Samelson products; homotopy Bockstein spectral sequences; graded Lie algebras; differential homological algebra; and the exponent theorems concerning the homotopy groups of spheres and Moore spaces. This book is suitable for a course in unstable homotopy theory, following a first course in homotopy theory. It is also a valuable reference for both experts and graduate students wishing to enter the field.

J. Frank Adams was one of the world's leading topologists. He solved a number of celebrated problems in algebraic topology, a subject in which he initiated many of the most active areas of research. He wrote a large number of papers during the period 1955 1988, and they are characterised by elegant writing and depth of thought. Few of them have been superseded by later work. This selection, in two volumes, brings together all his major research contributions. They are organised by subject matter rather than in strict chronological order. The first contains papers on: the cobar construction, the Adams spectral sequence, higher-order cohomology operations, and the Hopf invariant one problem; applications of K-theory; generalised homology and cohomology theories. The second volume is mainly concerned with Adams' contributions to: characteristic classes and calculations in K-theory; modules over the Steenrod algebra and their Ext groups; finite H-spaces and compact Lie groups; maps between classifying spaces of compact groups. Every serious student or practitioner of algebraic topology will want to own a copy of these two volumes both as a historical record and as a source of continued reference.

These notes are an expanded and updated version of a course of lectures which I gave at King's College London during the summer term 1979. The main topic is the Hermitian classgroup of orders, and in particular of group rings. Most of this work is published here for the first time. The primary motivation came from the connection with the Galois module structure of rings of algebraic integers. The principal aim was to lay the theoretical basis for attacking what may be called the "converse problem" of Galois module structure theory: to express the symplectic local and global root numbers and conductors as algebraic invariants. A previous edition of these notes was circulated privately among a few collaborators. Based on this, and following a partial solution of the problem by the author, Ph. Cassou-Nogues and M. Taylor succeeded in obtaining a complete solution. In a different direction J. Ritter published a paper, answering certain character theoretic questions raised in the earlier version. I myself disapprove of "secret circulation," but the pressure of other work led to a delay in publication; I hope this volume will make amends. One advantage of the delay is that the relevant recent work can be included. In a sense this is a companion volume to my recent Springer-Ergebnisse-Bericht, where the Hermitian theory was not dealt with. Our approach is via "Hom-groups," analogous to that followed in recent work on locally free classgroups.

This textbook is designed to give graduate students an understanding of integrable systems via the study of Riemann surfaces, loop groups, and twistors. The book has its origins in a series of lecture courses given by the authors, all of whom are internationally known mathematicians and renowned expositors. It is written in an accessible and informal style, and fills a gap in the existing literature. The introduction by Nigel Hitchin addresses the meaning of integrability: how do we recognize an integrable system? His own contribution then develops connections with algebraic geometry, and includes an introduction to Riemann surfaces, sheaves, and line bundles. Graeme Segal takes the Kortewegde Vries and nonlinear Schroedinger equations as central examples, and explores the mathematical structures underlying the inverse scattering transform. He explains the roles of loop groups, the Grassmannian, and algebraic curves. In the final part of the book, Richard Ward explores the connection between integrability and the self-dual Yang-Mills equations, and describes the correspondence between solutions to integrable equations and holomorphic vector bundles over twistor space.

This is the third version of a book on differential manifolds. The first version appeared in 1962, and was written at the very beginning of a period of great expansion of the subject. At the time, I found no satisfactory book for the foundations of the subject, for multiple reasons. I expanded the book in 1971, and I expand it still further today. Specifically, I have added three chapters on Riemannian and pseudo Riemannian geometry, that is, covariant derivatives, curvature, and some applications up to the Hopf-Rinow and Hadamard-Cartan theorems, as well as some calculus of variations and applications to volume forms. I have rewritten the sections on sprays, and I have given more examples of the use of Stokes' theorem. I have also given many more references to the literature, all of this to broaden the perspective of the book, which I hope can be used among things for a general course leading into many directions. The present book still meets the old needs, but fulfills new ones. At the most basic level, the book gives an introduction to the basic concepts which are used in differential topology, differential geometry, and differential equations. In differential topology, one studies for instance homotopy classes of maps and the possibility of finding suitable differentiable maps in them (immersions, embeddings, isomorphisms, etc.).

This volume contains research papers and survey articles written by Beno Eckmann from 1941 to 1986. The aim of the compilation is to provide a general view of the breadth of Eckmann s mathematical work. His influence was particularly strong in the development of many subfields of topology and algebra, where he repeatedly pointed out close, and often surprising, connections between them and other areas. The surveys are exemplary in terms of how they make difficult mathematical ideas easily comprehensible and accessible even to non-specialists. The topics treated here can be classified into the following, not entirely unrelated areas: algebraic topology (homotopy and homology theory), algebra, group theory and differential geometry. Beno Eckmann was Professor of Mathematics at the University of Lausanne, 1942-48, and Principal of the Institute for Mathematical Research at the ETH Zurich, 1964-84, where he was therefore an emeritus professor."

In the study of algebraic/analytic varieties a key aspect is the description of the invariants of their singularities. This book targets the challenging non-isolated case. Let f be a complex analytic hypersurface germ in three variables whose zero set has a 1-dimensional singular locus. We develop an explicit procedure and algorithm that describe the boundary M of the Milnor fiber of f as an oriented plumbed 3-manifold. This method also provides the characteristic polynomial of the algebraic monodromy. We then determine the multiplicity system of the open book decomposition of M cut out by the argument of g for any complex analytic germ g such that the pair (f,g) is an ICIS. Moreover, the horizontal and vertical monodromies of the transversal type singularities associated with the singular locus of f and of the ICIS (f,g) are also described. The theory is supported by a substantial amount of examples, including homogeneous and composed singularities and suspensions. The properties peculiar to M are also emphasized.

'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service methematics has rendered the je n'y serais point aile.' human race. It has put common sense back JulesVerne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non The series is divergent; therefore we may be seese'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O.Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and nonlinearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such state ments as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered computer science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguable true. And all statements obtainable this .way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

Since its very existence as a separate field within computer science, computer graphics had to make extensive use of non-trivial mathematics, for example, projective geometry, solid modelling, and approximation theory. This interplay of mathematics and computer science is exciting, but also makes it difficult for students and researchers to assimilate or maintain a view of the necessary mathematics. The possibilities offered by an interdisciplinary approach are still not fully utilized. This book gives a selection of contributions to a workshop held near Genoa, Italy, in October 1991, where a group of mathematicians and computer scientists gathered to explore ways of extending the cooperation between mathematics and computer graphics.

This is the first monograph to exclusively treat Kac-Moody (K-M) groups, a standard tool in mathematics and mathematical physics. K-M Lie algebras were introduced in the mid-sixties independently by V. Kac and R. Moody, generalizing finite-dimensional semisimple Lie algebras. K-M theory has since undergone tremendous developments in various directions and has profound connections with a number of diverse areas, including number theory, combinatorics, topology, singularities, quantum groups, completely integrable systems, and mathematical physics. This comprehensive, well-written text moves from K-M Lie algebras to the broader K-M Lie group setting, and focuses on the study of K-M groups and their flag varieties. In developing K-M theory from scratch, the author systematically leads readers to the forefront of the subject, treating the algebro-geometric, topological, and representation-theoretic aspects of the theory. Most of the material presented here is not available anywhere in the book literature.{\it Kac--Moody Groups, their Flag Varieties and Representation Theory} is suitable for an advanced graduate course in representation theory, and contains a number of examples, exercises, challenging open problems, comprehensive bibliography, and index. Research mathematicians at the crossroads of representation theory, geometry, and topology will learn a great deal from this text; although the book is devoted to the general K-M case, those primarily interested in the finite-dimensional case will also benefit. No prior knowledge of K-M Lie algebras or of (finite-dimensional) algebraic groups is required, but some basic knowledge would certainly be helpful. For the reader's convenience some of the basic results needed from other areas, including ind-varieties, pro-algebraic groups and pro-Lie algebras, Tits systems, local cohomology, equivariant cohomology, and homological algebra are included.

K -Theory has revolutionized the study of operator algebras in the last few years. As the primary component of the subject of "noncommutative topol ogy," K -theory has opened vast new vistas within the structure theory of C* algebras, as well as leading to profound and unexpected applications of opera tor algebras to problems in geometry and topology. As a result, many topolo gists and operator algebraists have feverishly begun trying to learn each others' subjects, and it appears certain that these two branches of mathematics have become deeply and permanently intertwined. Despite the fact that the whole subject is only about a decade old, operator K -theory has now reached a state of relative stability. While there will undoubtedly be many more revolutionary developments and applications in the future, it appears the basic theory has more or less reached a "final form." But because of the newness of the theory, there has so far been no comprehensive treatment of the subject. It is the ambitious goal of these notes to fill this gap. We will develop the K -theory of Banach algebras, the theory of extensions of C*-algebras, and the operator K -theory of Kasparov from scratch to its most advanced aspects. We will not treat applications in detail; however, we will outline the most striking of the applications to date in a section at the end, as well as mentioning others at suitable points in the text."

In 1989-90 the Mathematical Sciences Research Institute conducted a program on "Algebraic Topology and its " "Applications." The main areas of concentration were homotopy theory, K-theory, and applications to geometric topology, gauge theory, and moduli spaces. Workshops were conducted in these three areas. This volume consists of invited, expository articles on the topics studied during this program. They describe recent advances and point to possible new directions. They should prove to be useful references for researchers in Algebraic Topology and related fields, as well as to graduate students.

Topology is a relatively young and very important branch of mathematics. It studies properties of objects that are preserved by deformations, twistings, and stretchings, but not tearing. This book deals with the topology of curves and surfaces as well as with the fundamental concepts of homotopy and homology, and does this in a lively and well-motivated way. There is hardly an area of mathematics that does not make use of topological results and concepts. The importance of topological methods for different areas of physics is also beyond doubt. They are used in field theory and general relativity, in the physics of low temperatures, and in modern quantum theory. The book is well suited not only as preparation for students who plan to take a course in algebraic topology but also for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduates interested in finding out what topology is all about. The book has more than 200 problems, many examples, and over 200 illustrations.