Deregulation in banking and finance may hold promise for consumers, but what actually seems to be developing is trouble. Large banks are combining into small clusters of mega-banks with national and global reach, supported by government safety nets premised on fears they are too big to be allowed to fail. One result, among several, is that retail banking suffers. Shull and Hanweck evaluate existing bank merger policy and offer workable proposals for new legislative actions that would enhance the benefits of bank mergers without exacerbating the weaknesses. They review the historical role of governments in protecting banks from competition, then the modern policy that promotes competition, and present a model to explain and highlight the problems that today's policies are causing. In the end they turn to their own research and conclude that while a special bank merger policy is still warranted, it needs to be adapted in ways that would rein in the trend toward bigness and soften the impact this has domestically and internationally. A far reaching study essential for executives in all corners of the banking and financial services industry, academic and government researchers, and teachers of business, finance, and public policy.

Many argue that deregulation and technological change have so intensified competition among banks that bank mega-mergers should cause little concern. Shull and Hanweck conclude, however, that a special bank merger policy is still warranted but it needs to be adapted to the way things are today, mainly, the impact that larger banks are having domestically and on the international scene as well. They provide a history of how governments in the U.S. and elsewhere sought to suppress bank competition; then, the unique procompetitive policies that developed in the second half of the Twentieth Century, including the introduction of antitrust standards and deregulation. From their theoretical and empirical evidence they show that the newly combined banks are competitively suspect. From other evidence they find that pricing of retail banking services in local markets does not reflect the improvements that deregulation and rapid technological change have led us to expect. They also describe how current bank merger policy, implemented by the Federal Reserve, other Federal banking agencies and the Justice Department, facilitates the growth of large banks and augments the new structural configuration. Can these problems be solved? Shull and Hanweck believe they can be and propose detailed, workable changes in public policy to do so.

Reforging the Central Bank presents an insightful comparison between financial development in China - a rising global economic superpower - under the old and new normal and an all-encapsulating study of current monetary transmission mechanism and monetary policy instruments. Focusing on the 'top-level design' for Chinese financial system and the reformation of People's Bank of China (PBoC), China's central bank, Dr Deng, head of the Fixed Income Research Department at CITIC Securities, and his team provide a deep analysis with useful suggestions and bold predictions for the central bank's new policy framework, new objectives, and new mechanisms in the future.As such, the carefully presented analysis of this book will be of value to researchers and curious readers who are interested in understanding of China's - a rising global economic superpower - future financial development environment.

The 2008 global financial crisis has illustrated the need for tighter regulations and management of banking institutions, approaching banking and money lending in a more intelligent, directed fashion. Emerging Trends in Smart Banking: Risk Management Under Basel II and III discusses some of the latest developments in banking regulations and safeguards to ensure the mitigation of risk and economic collapse. This book is a critical reference in the exploration of business frameworks to identify areas of strength and potential weaknesses, insight that will be of use to business leaders, professionals in the banking industry, and researchers and scholars in all aspects of business and accounting.

A practical guide for executives and managers in banking, savings and loans, credit unions, insurance, and brokerage firms, this book addresses the labor turnover problems that currently affect even the most successful financial institutions. The combined effects of slackened population growth, deregulation, and computerization have brought enormous pressures to do more work, at a faster pace, with less time to train employees and catch their mistakes. Labor turnover only exacerbates these problems and related costs. But, as the Creerys illustrate, labor turnover is resistant to most attempts to reduce it, since it is a problem with multiple causes. Their work serves as an important guidepost to those confronted with this relatively new problem in financial institutions.

Today's banking systems, from the prosperous American economy to muddled Europe and wobbly Japan, may not be in as good shape as is generally assumed. Although, for instance, large financial institutions face the challenges of the new Euro with confidence, small and mid-sized banks are not as well prepared to deal with the world's changing financial scene. While most banks' profits continue to come from lending, many have become exposed to lesser borrowers, and others have entered businesses, such as asset management and trading, that could become less attractive. Given the pressure on banks to earn more profits and the extra risks they have taken, it behooves us to revisit the key issues in banking. This book casts the ongoing changes in money and banking into perspective. The issues discussed are long standing. Some have antecedents in the distant past, others are more recent. The book opens with a brief discussion of what money is, including the monetarist, Austrian, and Keynesian views, and of differing views on the role of supply and demand. It then considers the early and later years of central banking in the U.S. and abroad, moving on to the role of bureaucracy and monetary policy. The volume then considers contemporary commercial banking, the changing nature of banking today, and the Euro and the dollar. Written in nontechnical language, the book will be useful to the specialist and interested layman alike.

Financial leadership must not be confused with financial wealth, warns Jeremy Taylor in this compelling work--the most recent in his Quorum Books series. He sets up guideposts from history to point the way out of our current financial crisis and develops the concept of financial stewardship to show why private gain must be countered with public responsibility. In the course of U.S. history six leaders emerged to set the country on a balanced course--Alexander Hamilton, Andrew Jackson, Abraham Lincoln, Theodore Roosevelt, Carter Glass, and Franklin Roosevelt. By exercising leadership, they were able to achieve the primary goal of finance--balancing private and public interests. Based on their successes and on an analysis of recent history, Taylor recommends specific actions for rebuilding a financial system with a sense of public responsibility.

Taylor chronicles how the great financial leaders in U.S. history succeeded in moving the country forward by serving as intermediaries between contradictory economic forces. He then discusses the series of financial failures that began in the 1970s--lack of monetary discipline, disturbances in commercial financial institutions, and budgetary irresponsibility. He concludes by proposing specific measure based on a sense of public responsibility. These include replacing multiple oversight boards with designated agencies and replacing laissez-faire policies with enforcement of prudent management policies in the private sector.

Central banks play an important role in the course of national economies and the global economy. Their leaders are regularly feted or vilified, their policy pronouncements highly anticipated and routinely scrutinized. This is all the more so since the global financial crisis. The past fifteen years in monetary policy is essentially the story of two mistakes and one triumph, argues Pierre L. Siklos, a professor of economics at Wilfrid Laurier University. One mistake was that central bankers underestimated the connection between finance and the real economy. The other was a failure to realize how inter-connected the world's financial system had become. The triumph, in turn, was the recognition that price stability is a desirable objective. As a result of the financial crisis, central banks stepped into the breach to provide services other institutions were unwilling or unable to carry out. In doing so, the responsibilities for governing monetary policy and financial system stability became more elastic without due consideration for the appropriateness of the division of responsibilities. Central banks no longer influence just prices they also change financial system quantities. This leads to rising policy uncertainty. And low economic growth, an insufficiently unsubstantiated expansion of central bank responsibilities, and worries over future financial instability are sources of concern that contribute to a loss of confidence in the monetary authorities around the globe. Because no coherent new framework for central bank policy has since emerged, central banking is not broken, but it is in need of repair. Central Banks into the Breach provides an overarching analysis of the current and vulnerable state of central banks and offers potential solutions to stabilize the uncertain future of central banking.

This book presents research from leading researchers in the European banking field to explore three key areas of banking. In Bank Risk, Governance and Regulation, the authors conduct micro- and macro- level analysis of banking risks and their determinants. They explore areas such as credit quality, bank provisioning, deposit guarantee schemes, corporate governance and cost of capital. The book then goes on to analyse different aspects of the relationship between bank risk management, governance and performance. Lastly the book explores the regulation of systemic risks posed by banks, and examines the effects of novel regulatory sets on bank conduct and profitability. The research in this book focuses on aspects of the European banking system; however it also offers wider insight into the global banking space and offers comparisons to international banking systems. The study provides in-depth insight into many areas of bank risk, governance and regulation, before finally addressing the question: which banking strategies are actually feasible?

Assuming little or no background knowledge and using original examples and exercises (with answers supplied), Understanding Phonetics provides you with an accessible introduction to the basics of phonetics and a comprehensive analysis of traditional phonetic theory - the articulation and physical characteristics of speech sounds. Examples from a wide range of languages are presented throughout using symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet. To help you develop your skills in this alphabet, Understanding Phonetics includes ear-training exercises that are freely available online, along with audio files of authentic listening material, for you to download from www.routledge.com/cw/ashby. Understanding Phonetics outlines the production of consonants, vowels, phonation types, pitch and intonation, and aspects of connected speech. Reading through chapter by chapter, you will see your knowledge develop as you engage in the step-by-step phonetic study of a selected word. Understanding Phonetics is designed to be used not only as a class textbook but also for self-study. It can be read systematically or used for reference purposes.

Lowy avoids the easy answers, like blaming it on fraud and greed, and explains how something of this magnitude could occur under the noses of those who should have protected the taxpayer.

"Paul M. Horvitz, University of Houston"

Market forces, not scoundrels, destroyed the savings and loan business. So says Martin Lowy in what is truly an inside look at the savings and loan crisis. Drawing upon his experience as a practicing attorney, bank officer, and savings and loan director, Lowy provides an expert account of the problems that have overwhelmed the nation's savings institutions and their government regulators.

"High RollerS" is the first book on the S&L crisis that provides an analytical groundwork for technical and nontechnical readers--so that both can comprehend what happened. Lowy's clear, readable style allows him to quickly describe the origins of the problems in new market forces and new technologies, and how the problems grew out of control as a result of regulatory mistakes and congressional inaction. Even his discussions of real estate lending practices and accounting issues are, in the words of Professor Horvitz, both clear to the novice and instructive to the professional.

Banks, Bankers, and Bankruptcies Under Crisis uses case studies of failed banks, banks that would have failed without taxpayer intervention, and in some cases banks obliged to merge under government pressure, to better understand global banking today.

Tillmann C. Lauk discusses law-making at the European level and argues that problems with EU legislation, banking regulation and currency debasement are due to a lack of democratic control. He insists on the need for radical reform both of banking and of international money and makes an important contribution to the debate on the future of finance.

The major components of the Chinese financial system as it existed by the end of 1990 are identified. The activities of each component, its relative importance, and the role which each is likely to play in the economy as it develops are discussed. The components of the system include the State Council, the People's Bank of China, the banking sector, the non-banking sector, and the financial market. Professor Zhang Yichun and Mr Ma Mingjia have access to privileged documentation on the development of this financial system. The publication includes a note by R.L. Blackmore.

Financial inclusion has been one of the most propagated ideologies in countries, and as a result, significant efforts have been taken to nurture institutions and systems to include an array of socio-economic classes. Various financial institutions and societies have taken steps toward financial inclusion, but to be successful, they need to understand how to accurately target and market their potential customers as well as the new avenues for development. Marketing Techniques for Financial Inclusion and Development is a critical scholarly resource on the marketing techniques adopted by various financial institutions and societies for promoting financial inclusion initiatives for the development of the society at large. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as consumer awareness, financial literacy, and micro-enterprises, this book is geared towards managers, investors, brokers, researchers, and all others within the banking industry.

This volume is comprised of a collection of papers dealing with various aspects of cross-border secured transactions, an important issue in the development of emerging financial markets and transitional market economies. A sound legal framework for lenders to effect and enforce secured transactions is called for in order to establish an investor-friendly climate. Special attention is paid to the EBRD Model Law on secured transactions, the UNCITRAL Draft Convention on Assignment in Receivables Financing, and the UNIDROIT model. The papers stress the importance to the transition process of the development of a modern framework for secured transactions.

Banking's greatest opportunities are often overlooked and underdeveloped. In fact, a veritable gold mine is already in your bank - the customer! Have you made the most of your customers' potential? You have a full line of quality financial products and services to offer, but chances are even your best customers do business with the competition. This isn't necessarily because of pricing or product or trustworthiness. It's often due to a simple lack of effort. We all know that it is easier and more cost-effective to retain and cultivate an existing customer than it is to attract new ones. Yet, many customers are never exposed to the full range of products and services available to them. In most cases, all you have to do is ask! Relationship Banking is the key to realizing the potential of your bank's existing resources: your staff, your customers and your product line. By cross-selling products to your customers, you gain an advantage in market share, retention rates, fee income and, ultimately, profitability. Author Dwight Ritter offers workable solutions which can be put to immediate use. Inside Relationship Banking, you will find the components of a successful program, including: . Financial products and services: By identifying how your product line relates to customer needs, its appeal can skyrocket. This comprehensive analysis includes everything from savings accounts to mutual funds. Lead Product Selling: By identifying those products which customers automatically expect and linking them to related products, you create natural opportunities for effective and productive cross-selling. Lead Product Selling helps bankers meet the needs and raise the awareness of their customers.Improving communications: Good communications are essential to build, nurture and expand any customer relationship. By asking the right questions, opportunities quickly become apparent. By learning how to listen, needs can be fulfilled and relationships can be cemented. Measuring performance and productivity: Without proper tracking, no program can be at its most effective. Relationship Banking includes a tested plan for tracking the results of cross-selling efforts.

The basic functions of banking--lending, deposit taking, and making payments--are constant. What changes are the forms banking takes in response to increases in competition, globalizaion, new laws, and emerging technologies. Among the most visible of these changes will be an increase in the consolidation and globalization of banking in the world's major trading countries. Now, prestigious academics and practitioners, including regulators from around the world, join Benton E. Gup in exploring these coming changes--and by doing so, define a global perspective on banking's future. They find that the consolidation of banking will persist on a global scale. Electronic banking in all its forms will increase in importance, and banking in mature economies will be even more different from what it is now in developing economies. While focusing on the financial system in the United States, Gup's panel of contributors also explores financial systems in Europe, Asia, and elsewhere. Like Gup, they predict that a small handful of very large banks will control a disproportionate share of bank assets. Their views provide an unusual survey of current thinking in the domains of banking and finance, and an important source of current information, background, and foresights for banking and finance practitioners, students, and academics.

This book investigates the impact of International Monetary Fund (IMF) programmes on macroeconomic instability and economic growth in recipient countries. Employing the New Institutional Economics approach as an analytical framework, it identifies the determinants of economic and political institutional quality by taking into account a broad variety of indicators such as parliamentary forms of government, the aggregate governance level, civil and economic liberties, property rights etc. The book subsequently estimates the impact of these institutional determinants on real economic growth, both directly and also indirectly, through the channel of macroeconomic instability, in recipient countries. Moreover, it illustrates the effectiveness of IMF programmes in the case of Pakistan, a frequent user of IMF resources.

This groundbreaking new work presents the first financial history of the United States in the 20th century from the commercial and investment banking perspective. The author traces the development of both industries from the 1920s through the conditions of the present marketplace and looks at the simultaneous development of the federal regulatory agencies that grew up around the financial markets. Arguing that the ideal of an American Dream finds its best tangible expression in the ways in which the financial markets have been used to foster and protect the ideals of quality housing, higher education, and agricultural production, the author analyzes the successes and failures of the markets in producing a high standard of living and well-being over the past 70 years.

Geisst begins by describing the manner in which the financial system and its regulators responded to the developments leading up to the crash of 1929, demonstrating that this period saw the first recognition that government agencies could effectively intervene in capital markets in times of financial crisis. He then reviews, in separate chapters, capital markets since the crash and the commercial banking industry as it evolved after 1934. Turning to a more specific focus on the markets' impact on individuals, Geisst assesses American capitalisM's ability to fulfill the goals of universal home ownership, widened access to higher education, and liberal farm credit. He then addresses the financial innovations of the past two decades, evaluating their effects in furthering the general acquisition of wealth. Finally, Geisst looks at the relationships between Republicans and Democrats and the markets. Throughout, Geisst seeks to determine how the complex interactions between the markets themselves and the agencies that oversee and regulate them have fostered and protected the ideals of the American Dream. Ideal as a supplemental text for courses in business and economic history, this book will also be of significant interest to professionals and executives in the commercial and investment banking fields.

The Banking Swindle is not an economic textbook filled with technical jargon that only serves to obscure important issues. Rather, this is a book intended to explain in a straight-forward manner the way private banking interests - which have no loyalty to anything other than to greed - create credit and money as profit-making commodities which has driven individuals, businesses and entire states to ruin through debt.

As importantly, The Banking Swindle examines the many communities and states that have rejected the fraudulent banking system, and sometimes had to fight to do so, and brought prosperity where there was destitution, by taking issuing money and credit for their legitimate purpose: as mere tokens for the exchange of goods and work, debt-free. The Banking Swindle is unique also in regard to its coming from the 'Right', and redefining the 'Right' with precision, after decades of having been misinterpreted by both the Left and Classical Liberals as being synonymous, especially in the English-speaking world, with Free Market Capitalism, which it is not, and never has been. Indeed, as The Banking Swindle shows, drawing on such thinkers as Oswald Spengler from the Right, and Karl Marx himself from the Left, Free Market Capitalism is subversive and anti-conservative. The Banking Swindle shows that historically it has been the Right that has fought Usury, that it was Rightist parties that offered clear policies on overthrowing the power of the bankers. The Right has largely forgotten this background, at the very time when policies are needed to address the world's Number One issue: Debt.

As interest in financial markets intensifies, stimulated by the financial crisis of the early twenty-first century, this book aims to enrich our understanding of the workings and history of financial centres in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and the determinants of their success and failure.
The book brings together leading authorities in the field to examine the direction of international capital flows historically in light of the nature of the banking system, market organization, the regulatory framework, and contextual political and diplomatic factors. Contributions discuss competition, collaboration, withdrawal, and re-emergence of financial centres in Europe, America, and Asia over the past two centuries.
Written from a historical perspective but taking full account of recent studies in financial economics, the book, with contributions from leading international scholars, provides new research and approaches to a highly topical issue and sheds light on the recent financial crisis and its aftermath.

Originally published: New York: American Council on Education: Macmillan Pub. Co., c1989, in series: American Council on Education/Macmillan series in higher education.

The analysis of any monetary policy framework necessarily extends beyond the confinements of the central bank. A country's monetary framework can depend on many factors such as: its form of government; its legal system; the level of expertise in monetary policy matters that exists inside and outside the central bank; the country's financial institutions; as well as wider characteristics including the political system and level of literacy. This broad ranging collection focuses on the monetary policy frameworks used by central banks and governments in their attempt to achieve their various goals, of which price stability has become increasingly unpopular. It assesses the links between targets and central bank independence, accountability and the transparency of monetary policy. Based on data collected through a questionnaire completed by over 70 central banks in industrialized, transitional and developing economies, the analysis shows how the detailed characteristics of a monetary framework depend upon: structural differences; varying degrees of indexation and other nominal rigidities that affect the speed of transmission from monetary policy to inflation; and institutional arrangem

Gain a thorough insight into the business of banking Introduction to Banking, 3rd edition, by Casu, Girardone and Molyneux offers an in-depth overview of the theoretical and applied issues in the global banking industry. Organised into five sections, it covers contemporary topics in banking, ranging from central banking and bank regulation, to bank management and corporate governance, providing the most up-to-date information on banking practice. The new edition discusses the developments contributing to the rapid transformation of the banking sector, such as digitalisation of banking and emergence of non-bank providers, the growing importance of sustainable banking, the FinTech boom, the impact of Covid-19 on banking services, structural and regulatory changes in the banking industry, and the growth of Islamic banking. Suitable for all undergraduate students taking a course in banking as well as professionals entering this industry, this text also provides background reading for postgraduate students on more advanced topics in banking. "I truly welcome this thoroughly revised edition of the Introduction to Banking textbook. Its authors are world-class scholars who on a daily basis research a wide array of highly relevant banking topics and maintain many close contacts with the commercial and central banking community. I can see no better guides to lead undergraduates into the fascinating (and at times bewildering) banking landscape." Steven Ongena, Professor of Banking, University of Zurich, Swiss Finance Institute and CEPR About the authors: Barbara Casu is the Director of the Centre for Banking Research at Bayes Business School, City, University of London where she is Professor of Banking and Finance. Claudia Girardone is Professor of Banking and Finance, Director of Essex Finance Centre (EFiC) and the Essex Business School's Director of Research. Philip Molyneux is Emeritus Professor at Bangor University. Pearson, the world's learning company

Banking market integration in the Asia Pacific has greatly accelerated in recent years, in an environment of many other rapid advances in banking and finance. This has increased competition between domestic and foreign banks, and made the measurement of bank efficiency, competition, and liquidity creation a critical issue for both policy makers and bank managers. This book investigates important policy-related issues in Asia Pacific banking. It analyses the link between competition and stability, examining the cases of fourteen Asia Pacific countries between 2003 and 2010, and goes on to discuss whether bank shareholder value is influenced by cost and profit efficiency changes over time. The authors explore the different ways in which banks in Asia-Pacific create liquidity, and whether this is linked to capital generation. This book provides valuable insight for researchers, policy makers and bank managers with an interest in financial rationalization, restructuring and consolidation.