The most difficult computational problems nowadays are those of higher dimensions. This research monograph offers an introduction to tensor numerical methods designed for the solution of the multidimensional problems in scientific computing. These methods are based on the rank-structured approximation of multivariate functions and operators by using the appropriate tensor formats. The old and new rank-structured tensor formats are investigated. We discuss in detail the novel quantized tensor approximation method (QTT) which provides function-operator calculus in higher dimensions in logarithmic complexity rendering super-fast convolution, FFT and wavelet transforms. This book suggests the constructive recipes and computational schemes for a number of real life problems described by the multidimensional partial differential equations. We present the theory and algorithms for the sinc-based separable approximation of the analytic radial basis functions including Green's and Helmholtz kernels. The efficient tensor-based techniques for computational problems in electronic structure calculations and for the grid-based evaluation of long-range interaction potentials in multi-particle systems are considered. We also discuss the QTT numerical approach in many-particle dynamics, tensor techniques for stochastic/parametric PDEs as well as for the solution and homogenization of the elliptic equations with highly-oscillating coefficients. Contents Theory on separable approximation of multivariate functions Multilinear algebra and nonlinear tensor approximation Superfast computations via quantized tensor approximation Tensor approach to multidimensional integrodifferential equations

This book is an extended version of lectures given by the ?rst author in 1995-1996 at the Department of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. We believe that a major part of the book can be regarded as an additional material to the standard course of Hamiltonian mechanics. In comparison with the original Russian 1 version we have included new material, simpli?ed some proofs and corrected m- prints. Hamiltonian equations ?rst appeared in connection with problems of geometric optics and celestial mechanics. Later it became clear that these equations describe a large classof systemsin classical mechanics, physics, chemistry, and otherdomains. Hamiltonian systems and their discrete analogs play a basic role in such problems as rigid body dynamics, geodesics on Riemann surfaces, quasi-classic approximation in quantum mechanics, cosmological models, dynamics of particles in an accel- ator, billiards and other systems with elastic re?ections, many in?nite-dimensional models in mathematical physics, etc. In this book we study Hamiltonian systems assuming that they depend on some parameter (usually?), where for?= 0 the dynamics is in a sense simple (as a rule, integrable). Frequently such a parameter appears naturally. For example, in celestial mechanics it is accepted to take? equal to the ratio: the mass of Jupiter over the mass of the Sun. In other cases it is possible to introduce the small parameter ar- ?cial

This book presents a modern and self-contained treatment of the Liapunov method for stability analysis, in the framework of mathematical nonlinear control theory. A Particular focus is on the problem of the existence of Liapunov functions (converse Liapunov theorems) and their regularity, whose interest is especially motivated by applications to automatic control. Many recent results in this area have been collected and presented in a systematic way. Some of them are given in extended, unified versions and with new, simpler proofs. In the 2nd edition of this successful book several new sections were added and old sections have been improved, e.g., about the Zubovs method, Liapunov functions for discontinuous systems and cascaded systems. Many new examples, explanations and figures were added making this book accessible and well readable for engineers as well as mathematicians.

The International Conference on "Hyperbolic Problems: Theory, Numerics and Applications'' was held in CalTech on March 25-30, 2002. The conference was the ninth meeting in the bi-annual international series which became one of the highest quality and most successful conference series in Applied mathematics. This volume contains more than 90 contributions presented in this conference, including plenary presentations by A. Bressan, P. Degond, R. LeVeque, T.-P. Liu, B. Perthame, C.-W. Shu, B. Sjögreen and S. Ukai. Reflecting the objective of series, the contributions in this volume keep the traditional blend of theory, numerics and applications. The Hyp2002 meeting placed a particular emphasize on fundamental theory and numerical analysis, on multi-scale analysis, modeling and simulations, and on geophysical applications and free boundary problems arising from materials science and multi-component fluid dynamics. The volume should appeal to researchers, students and practitioners with general interest in time-dependent problems governed by hyperbolic equations.

This book elucidates how Finite Element methods look like from the perspective of Green's functions, and shows new insights into the mathematical theory of Finite Elements. Practically, this new view on Finite Elements enables the reader to better assess solutions of standard programs and to find better model of a given problem.
The book systematically introduces the basic concepts how Finite Elements fulfill the strategy of Green's functions and how approximating of Green's functions. It discusses in detail the discretization error and shows that are coherent with the strategy of "goal oriented refinement." The book also gives much attention to the dependencies of FE solutions from the parameter set of the model."

The focus of this volume is research carried out as part of the program Mathematics of Planet Earth, which provides a platform to showcase the essential role of mathematics in addressing problems of an economic and social nature and creating a context for mathematicians and applied scientists to foster mathematical and interdisciplinary developments that will be necessary to tackle a myriad of issues and meet future global economic and social challenges. Earth is a planet with dynamic processes in its mantle, oceans and atmosphere creating climate, causing natural disasters and influencing fundamental aspects of life and life-supporting systems. In addition to these natural processes, human activity has developed highly complex systems, including economic and financial systems; the World Wide Web; frameworks for resource management, transportation, energy production and utilization; health care delivery, and social organizations. This development has increased to the point where it impacts the stability and equilibrium in human societies. Issues such as financial and economic crisis, sustainability, management of resources, risk analysis, and global integration have come to the fore. Written by some of the world's leading specialists, this book presents the proceedings of the International Conference and Advanced School Planet Earth, Dynamics, Games and Science II, held in Lisbon, Portugal, 28 August -6 September 2013, which was organized by the International Center of Mathematics (CIM) as a partner institution of the international program Mathematics of Planet Earth 2013. The book describes the state of the art in advanced research and ultimate techniques in modeling natural, economic and social phenomena. It constitutes a tool and a framework for researchers and graduate students, both in mathematics and applied sciences, focusing mainly on dynamical systems, game theory and applied sciences.

Recently there has been intense research activity on the subject of wavelet/subband theory and application. Experts in such diverse fields as mathematics, physics, electrical engineering and image processing have provided original and pioneering works and results. But this diversity, while rich and productive, has lead to a sense of fragmentation, especially to those new to the field, and nonspecialists, trying to understand the connections between the different aspects of wavelet and subband theory.

The book is designed to present an understanding of wavelets and their development from a continuous-domain transformation to a frame representation and finally to multiresolution analysis tools such as subband decomposition. The book presents a theoretical understanding of the subject that is intertwined with practical examples and practical applications of wavelets in ultrasonic and biomedical applications. There is special emphasis on applications in communications and compression as well as image processing.

Topics and Features:

* Provides an understanding of the link between continuous wavelet transform, the fast wavelet transform and subband decomposition.

* Algorithms and numerical examples are implemented in Matlab.

* The design of wavelet bases, and how to implement the transform both in hardware and software is discussed in detail.

* Covers the fundamentals and the developments of the links between areas such as time-frequency analysis, digital signal processing, image processing and Fourier and wavelet transform, both continuous and discrete.

Extended mathematical treatment and numerous examples, with particular emphasis to the transition from thecontinuous domain to multiresolution and subband. The book is an essential text/reference for graduates, researchers, and professionals in electrical engineering, communications engineering and computer engineering. Practitioners and professionals engaged in signal processing, wavelets and Fourier analysis will find the book a useful resource and comprehensive guide.

The purpose of this book is to give an introduction to the Laplace transform on the undergraduate level. The material is drawn from notes for a course taught by the author at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. Based on classroom experience, an attempt has been made to (1) keep the proofs short, (2) introduce applications as soon as possible, (3) concentrate on problems that are difficult to handle by the older classical methods, and (4) emphasize periodic phenomena. To make it possible to offer the course early in the curriculum (after differential equations), no knowledge of complex variable theory is assumed. However, since a thorough study of Laplace. transforms requires at least the rudiments of this theory, Chapter 3 includes a brief sketch of complex variables, with many of the details presented in Appendix A. This plan permits an introduction of the complex inversion formula, followed by additional applications. The author has found that a course taught three hours a week for a quarter can be based on the material in Chapters 1, 2, and 5 and the first three sections of Chapter 7. If additional time is available (e.g., four quarter-hours or three semester-hours), the whole book can be covered easily. The author is indebted to the students at the Milwaukee School of Engineering for their many helpful comments and criticisms.

The papers contained in this volume are an indication of the topics th discussed and the interests of the participants of The 9 International Conference on Probability in Banach Spaces, held at Sandjberg, Denmark, August 16-21, 1993. A glance at the table of contents indicates the broad range of topics covered at this conference. What defines research in this field is not so much the topics considered but the generality of the ques tions that are asked. The goal is to examine the behavior of large classes of stochastic processes and to describe it in terms of a few simple prop erties that the processes share. The reward of research like this is that occasionally one can gain deep insight, even about familiar processes, by stripping away details, that in hindsight turn out to be extraneous. A good understanding about the disciplines involved in this field can be obtained from the recent book, Probability in Banach Spaces, Springer-Verlag, by M. Ledoux and M. Thlagrand. On page 5, of this book, there is a list of previous conferences in probability in Banach spaces, including the other eight international conferences. One can see that research in this field over the last twenty years has contributed significantly to knowledge in probability and has had important applications in many other branches of mathematics, most notably in statistics and functional analysis."

'Et moi, .... si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y semis point all,,: human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non The series is divergent: therefore we may be sense'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non !inearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics serve as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

The contributions in this volume aim to deepen understanding of some of the current research problems and theories in modern topics such as calculus of variations, optimization theory, complex analysis, real analysis, differential equations, and geometry. Applications to these areas of mathematics are presented within the broad spectrum of research in Engineering Science with particular emphasis on equilibrium problems, complexity in numerical optimization, dynamical systems, non-smooth optimization, complex network analysis, statistical models and data mining, and energy systems. Additional emphasis is given to interdisciplinary research, although subjects are treated in a unified and self-contained manner. The presentation of methods, theory and applications makes this tribute an invaluable reference for teachers, researchers, and other professionals interested in pure and applied research, philosophy of mathematics, and mathematics education. Some review papers published in this volume will be particularly useful for a broader audience of readers as well as for graduate students who search for the latest information. Constantin Caratheodory's wide-ranging influence in the international mathematical community was seen during the first Fields Medals awards at the International Congress of Mathematicians, Oslo, 1936. Two medals were awarded, one to Lars V. Ahlfors and one to Jesse Douglass. It was Caratheodory who presented both their works during the opening of the International Congress. This volume contains significant papers in Science and Engineering dedicated to the memory of Constantin Caratheodory and the spirit of his mathematical influence.

In recent years, due primarily to the proliferation of computers, dynamical systems has again returned to its roots in applications. It is the aim of this book to provide undergraduate and beginning graduate students in mathematics or science and engineering with a modest foundation of knowledge. Equations in dimensions one and two constitute the majority of the text, and in particular it is demonstrated that the basic notion of stability and bifurcations of vector fields are easily explained for scalar autonomous equations. Further, the authors investigate the dynamics of planar autonomous equations where new dynamical behavior, such as periodic and homoclinic orbits appears.

Karl Menger, one of the founders of dimension theory, belongs to the most original mathematicians and thinkers of the twentieth century. He was a member of the Vienna Circle and the founder of its mathematical equivalent, the Viennese Mathematical Colloquium. Both during his early years in Vienna, and after his emigration to the United States, Karl Menger made significant contributions to a wide variety of mathematical fields, and greatly influenced some of his colleagues. The Selecta Mathematica contain Menger's major mathematical papers, based on his own selection of his extensive writings. They deal with topics as diverse as topology, geometry, analysis and algebra, as well as writings on economics, sociology, logic, philosophy and mathematical results. The two volumes are a monument to the diversity and originality of Menger's ideas.

This introduction to multiscale methods gives you a broad overview of the methods' many uses and applications. The book begins by setting the theoretical foundations of the methods and then moves on to develop models and prove theorems. Extensive use of examples shows how to apply multiscale methods to solving a variety of problems. Exercises then enable you to build your own skills and put them into practice. Extensions and generalizations of the results presented in the book, as well as references to the literature, are provided in the Discussion and Bibliography section at the end of each chapter.With the exception of Chapter One, all chapters are supplemented with exercises.

With considerations such as complex-dimensional geometries and nonlinearity, the computational solution of partial differential systems has become so involved that it is important to automate decisions that have been normally left to the individual. This book covers such decisions: 1) mesh generation with links to the software generating the domain geometry, 2) solution accuracy and reliability with mesh selection linked to solution generation. This book is suited for mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers and is intended to encourage interdisciplinary interaction between the diverse groups.

This book is a product of the experience of the authors in teaching partial differential equations to students of mathematics, physics, and engineering over a period of 20 years. Our goal in writing it has been to introduce the subject with precise and rigorous analysis on the one hand, and interesting and significant applications on the other. The starting level of the book is at the first-year graduate level in a U.S. university. Previous experience with partial differential equations is not required, but the use of classical analysis to find solutions of specific problems is not emphasized. From that perspective our treatment is decidedly theoretical. We have avoided abstraction and full generality in many situations, however. Our plan has been to introduce fundamental ideas in relatively simple situations and to show their impact on relevant applications. The student is then, we feel, well prepared to fight through more specialized treatises. There are parts of the exposition that require Lebesgue integration, distributions and Fourier transforms, and Sobolev spaces. We have included a long appendix, Chapter 8, giving precise statements of all results used. This may be thought of as an introduction to these topics. The reader who is not familiar with these subjects may refer to parts of Chapter 8 as needed or become somewhat familiar with them as prerequisite and treat Chapter 8 as Chapter O.

From the reviews "Since E. Hille and K. Yoshida established the characterization of generators of "C"0 semigroups in the 1940s, semigroups of linear operators and its neighboring areas have developed into a beautiful abstract theory. Moreover, the fact that mathematically this abstract theory has many direct and important applications in partial differential equations enhances its importance as a necessary discipline in both functional analysis and differential equations. In my opinion Pazy has done an outstanding job in presenting both the abstract theory and basic applications in a clear and interesting manner. The choice and order of the material, the clarity of the proofs, and the overall presentation make this an excellent place for both researchers and students to learn about "C"0 semigroups." #"Bulletin Applied Mathematical Sciences 4/85"#1 "In spite of the other monographs on the subject, the reviewer can recommend that of Pazy as being particularly written, with a bias noticeably different from that of the other volumes. Pazy's decision to give a connected account of the applications to partial differential equations in the last two chapters was a particularly happy one, since it enables one to see what the theory can achieve much better than would the insertion of occasional examples. The chapters achieve a very nice balance between being so easy as to appear disappointing, and so sophisticated that they are incomprehensible except to the expert." #"Bulletin of the" "London Mathematical Society"#2

The core chapters of this volume provide a complete course on metric, normed, and Hilbert spaces, and include many results and exercises seldom found in texts on analysis at this level. The author covers an unusually wide range of material in a clear and concise format including elementary real analysis, Lebesgue integration on R, and an introduction to functional analysis. This makes a versatile text also suited for courses on real analysis, metric spaces, abstract analysis, and modern analysis. The book begins with a comprehensive chapter providing a fast-paced course on real analysis, and is followed by an introduction to the Lebesgue integral. This provides a reference for later chapters as well as an introduction for students with only the typical sequence of undergraduate calculus courses as prerequisites. Other features include a chapter introducing functional analysis, the Hahn-Banach theorem and duality, separation theorems, the Baire Category Theorem, the Open Mapping Theorem and their consequences, and unusual applications such as weak solutions of the Dirichlet Problem and Pareto optimality in Mathematical Economics. Of special interest is the unique collection of nearly 750 exercises, many with guidelines for their solutions. The exercises include applications and extensions of the main propositions and theorems, results that fill in gaps in proofs or that prepare for proofs later in the book, pointers to new branches of the subject, and difficult challenges for the very best students.

This book, written by our distinguished colleague and friend, Professor Han-Lin Chen of the Institute of Mathematics, Academia Sinica, Beijing, presents, for the first time in book form, his extensive work on complex harmonic splines with applications to wavelet analysis and the numerical solution of boundary integral equations. Professor Chen has worked in Ap proximation Theory and Computational Mathematics for over forty years. His scientific contributions are rich in variety and content. Through his publications and his many excellent Ph. D. students he has taken a leader ship role in the development of these fields within China. This new book is yet another important addition to Professor Chen's quality research in Computational Mathematics. In the last several decades, the theory of spline functions and their ap plications have greatly influenced numerous fields of applied mathematics, most notably, computational mathematics, wavelet analysis and geomet ric modeling. Many books and monographs have been published studying real variable spline functions with a focus on their algebraic, analytic and computational properties. In contrast, this book is the first to present the theory of complex harmonic spline functions and their relation to wavelet analysis with applications to the solution of partial differential equations and boundary integral equations of the second kind. The material presented in this book is unique and interesting. It provides a detailed summary of the important research results of the author and his group and as well as others in the field."

This volume contains a collection of papers dealing with applications of orthogonal polynomials and methods for their computation, of interest to a wide audience of numerical analysts, engineers, and scientists. The applications address problems in applied mathematics as well as problems in engineering and the sciences.

This is a book on holomorphic operator functions of a single variable and their - plications,whichisfocussedontherelationsbetweenlocalandglobaltheories.Itis based on methods and technics of Complex analysis of scalar and matrix functions of several variables. The applications concern: interpolation, holomorphic families of subspaces and frames, spectral theory of polynomials with operator coe?cients, holomorphic equivalence and diagonalization, and Plemelj-Muschelishvili fact- ization. The book also contains a theory of Wiener-Hopf integral equations with operator-valued kernels and a theory of in?nite Toplitz .. matrices with operator entries. We started to work on these topics long ago when one of us was a Ph.D. s- dent of the other in Kishinev (now Cisinau) University. Then our main interests were in problems of factorization of operator-valued functions and singular in- gral operators. Working in this area, we realized from the beginning that di?erent methods and tools from Complex analysis of several variables and their modi?- tions are very useful in obtaining results on factorization for matrix and operator functions. We have in mind di?erent methods and results concerning connections between local and global properties of holomorphic functions. The ?rst period was very fruitful and during it we obtained the basic results presented in this book.

The notion of a ?xed point plays a crucial role in numerous branches of mat- maticsand its applications. Informationabout the existence of such pointsis often the crucial argument in solving a problem. In particular, topological methods of ?xed point theory have been an increasing focus of interest over the last century. These topological methods of ?xed point theory are divided, roughly speaking, into two types. The ?rst type includes such as the Banach Contraction Principle where the assumptions on the space can be very mild but a small change of the map can remove the ?xed point. The second type, on the other hand, such as the Brouwer and Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorems, give the existence of a ?xed point not only for a given map but also for any its deformations. This book is an exposition of a part of the topological ?xed and periodic point theory, of this second type, based on the notions of Lefschetz and Nielsen numbers. Since both notions are homotopyinvariants, the deformationis used as an essential method, and the assertions of theorems typically state the existence of ?xed or periodic points for every map of the whole homotopy class, we refer to them as homotopy methods of the topological ?xed and periodic point theory.

Shortly after the end of World War II high-speed digital computing machines were being developed. It was clear that the mathematical aspects of com putation needed to be reexamined in order to make efficient use of high-speed digital computers for mathematical computations. Accordingly, under the leadership of Min a Rees, John Curtiss, and others, an Institute for Numerical Analysis was set up at the University of California at Los Angeles under the sponsorship of the National Bureau of Standards. A similar institute was formed at the National Bureau of Standards in Washington, D. C. In 1949 J. Barkeley Rosser became Director of the group at UCLA for a period of two years. During this period we organized a seminar on the study of solu tions of simultaneous linear equations and on the determination of eigen values. G. Forsythe, W. Karush, C. Lanczos, T. Motzkin, L. J. Paige, and others attended this seminar. We discovered, for example, that even Gaus sian elimination was not well understood from a machine point of view and that no effective machine oriented elimination algorithm had been developed. During this period Lanczos developed his three-term relationship and I had the good fortune of suggesting the method of conjugate gradients. We dis covered afterward that the basic ideas underlying the two procedures are essentially the same. The concept of conjugacy was not new to me. In a joint paper with G. D."

From the reviews of the first edition:
..". In general the articles ... are well written in a style that enables one to grasp the ideas. The actual style is a readable mix of the important results, outlines of proofs and complete proofs when it does not take too long together with readable explanations of what is going on. Also very useful are the large lists of references which are important not only for their mathematical content but also because the references given also contain articles in the Soviet literature which may not be familiar or possibly accessible to readers."
"New Zealand Math. Soc. Newsletter 1991"
..". Here ... a wealth of material is displayed for us, too much to even indicate in a review. ... Your reviewer was very impressed by the contents of both volumes (EMS 2 and 4), recommending them without any restriction. As far as he could judge, most presentations seem fairly complete..."
"Mededelingen van het Wiskundig genootshap 1992 "

The problems of modern society are complex, interdisciplinary and nonlin ear. onlinear problems are therefore abundant in several diverse disciplines. Since explicit analytic solutions of nonlinear problems in terms of familiar, well trained functions of analysis are rarely possible, one needs to exploit various approximate methods. There do exist a number of powerful procedures for ob taining approximate solutions of nonlinear problems such as, Newton-Raphson method, Galerkins method, expansion methods, dynamic programming, itera tive techniques, truncation methods, method of upper and lower bounds and Chapligin method, to name a few. Let us turn to the fruitful idea of Chapligin, see 27] (vol I), for obtaining approximate solutions of a nonlinear differential equation u' = f(t, u), u(O) = uo. Let fl' h be such that the solutions of 1t' = h (t, u), u(O) = uo, and u' = h(t, u), u(O) = uo are comparatively simple to solve, such as linear equations, and lower order equations. Suppose that we have h(t, u) s f(t, u) s h(t, u), for all (t, u)."