A central claim of this volume is that public policy in education and training can only be properly understood if it is seen in relation to prevailing economic and employment conditions. It has become increaslingly apparent that the neo-liberal economic policies pursued by Western governments during the 1980s and 1990s have led to a growing world-wide 'work crisis'. Unemployment levels, particularly in Europe, remain persistently high, and for those in employment, job insecurity and long working hours have become the norm. The response of UK governments has been to promote 'flexibility' in employment practices while proclaiming the importance of improving skill levels through education and training.
This volume challenges the adequacy of such an approach, and asks whether reliance on education and training reforms without additional political intervention in economic processes is capable of reversing current trends.
Issues covered in this reader include:
* the impact of globalization on employment trends
* neo-liberal and neo-Keynesian approaches to employment policy
* political reforms in education and training institutions
* the impact of flexibilization on private life and the family.
The two volumes in this series are readers for the Open University course Education, Training and the Future of Work, E837, a module of the MA in Education. The companion volume is Education, Training and the Future of Work II: Developments in Vocational Education and Training.
John Ahier is Lecturer in Education at the Open University. Geoff Esland is Director of the Centre for Sociology and Social Research at the Open University and Course team Chair of E837.

This volume focuses on the recent changes in education and training policy, mainly in the UK. The considerable developments of past years and the ways in which they have affected both education and training are examined. The contributors analyse the methods by which we educate our workforce, and look closely at the kind of training now offered to those in work.
The chapters in this reader cover:
* the role of the state
* how economic factors influence education
* national education and training policy
* the political factor.
Other countries including Germany are looked at, and there is reflection on the ways in which the 'new' industry led qualifications such as NVQs have fared. There is careful analysis as to how much the political climate of the time influenced developments.
There is thorough research to back up claims made throughout the book, and many practical examples are referred to. What emerges is an incisive examination of current trends in education and the workplace.

A central claim of this volume is that public policy in education and training can only be properly understood if it is seen in relation to prevailing economic and employment conditions. It has become increaslingly apparent that the neo-liberal economic policies pursued by Western governments during the 1980s and 1990s have led to a growing world-wide 'work crisis'. Unemployment levels, particularly in Europe, remain persistently high, and for those in employment, job insecurity and long working hours have become the norm. The response of UK governments has been to promote 'flexibility' in employment practices while proclaiming the importance of improving skill levels through education and training.
This volume challenges the adequacy of such an approach, and asks whether reliance on education and training reforms without additional political intervention in economic processes is capable of reversing current trends.
Issues covered in this reader include:
* the impact of globalization on employment trends
* neo-liberal and neo-Keynesian approaches to employment policy
* political reforms in education and training institutions
* the impact of flexibilization on private life and the family.
The two volumes in this series are readers for the Open University course Education, Training and the Future of Work, E837, a module of the MA in Education. The companion volume is Education, Training and the Future of Work II: Developments in Vocational Education and Training.
John Ahier is Lecturer in Education at the Open University. Geoff Esland is Director of the Centre for Sociology and Social Research at the Open University and Course team Chair of E837.

Sometimes in medicine the only way to know what is truly going on in a patient is to operate, to look inside with one's own eyes. This book is exploratory surgery on medicine itself, laying bare a science not in its idealized form but as it actually is--complicated, perplexing, and profoundly human. Atul Gawande offers an unflinching view from the scalpel's edge, where science is ambiguous, information is limited, the stakes are high, yet decisions must be made. He investigates such enduring mysteries as the nature of pain, the inability to cure nausea, even the little-understood biology of blushing. He explores how deadly mistakes happen, and why good doctors go bad. He also gives us privileged entry into the inspiring world of ambitious operations, remarkable experiments, and unexpected intuitions. And through it all, we find Gawande's deep concern with the actual experiences of patients and doctors as they negotiate the paradoxes and imperfections inherent in caring for human lives. At once unsentimental and humane, Complications is a new kind of medical writing, nuanced and lucid, unafraid to confront the conflicts and uncertainties that lie at the heart of modern medicine, yet always alive to the possibilities of wisdom in this extraordinary endeavor. From Complications: I had just finished examining someone in the ER when one of the physicians stopped me with yet another patient: twenty-three-year-old Eleanor Bratton had a red and swollen leg. "It's probably only a cellulitis" --a skin infection--"but it's bad," he said. He had prescribed intravenous antibiotics, but he wanted me to make sure there wasn't anything "surgical" going on. The patient looked fit and athletic. There did not seem anything seriously ill about her. I glanced at her chart--she had good vital signs, no fever, and no past medical problems. I asked Eleanor if she had had any pus or drainage from her leg. No. Any ulcers? No. A foul smell or blackening of her skin? No. I le

This volume critically examines definitions of informal learning, focusing on its application in a variety of workplace contexts. Informal learning has become an important issue as post-industrial workplaces seek to harness its productive potential. The book features: theories of informal learning; the unmasking of contemporary corporate rhetoric; the implications for accounts of workplace learning of poststructuralist and postmodern perspectives; case studies based on interviews with practising managers and HRM practitioners; and a glossary of key concepts and issues.

In this book, counsellors, trainers and supervisors discuss the tensions, conflicts and complexities involved in many of the aspects of being a trainer, being a trainee and the elements of counselling training itself. Through innovative research and lively first-hand accounts, "Balancing Acts" explores both individual trainer development and course design and management in counselling and other training contexts in the helping professions.
The first section of the book examines the balancing acts involved in being a trainer: managing the content of the training program, being responsive to the needs of groups and individuals and being accountable for the ethical protection of clients with whom trainees might work. Contributors go on to consider the various settings in which training takes place and the differences between training professionals and volunteers. The book concludes with the relayed experiences of three counsellors, and the personal growth and satisfaction that help themto survive as trainees.

Japan is regarded as a world leader in the field of education and training for improved economic performance. Yet success in Japan is often achieved by going against what is regarded as ideal practice elsewhere. This book offers the most comprehensive review available in English, fully updated from the first edition, of the many facets of Japanese vocational education and training. It covers the system from primary education through to in-job training offered by companies and provides a detailed study of current practice. This gives equal emphasis to formal training in explicitly vocational courses and informal training in factories, shops and offices.
The authors are also concerned to analyse the difference between substantive 'person-changing' training and mere 'ability-labelling'. They raise important issues such as: to what extent does the need to package skills to provide convenient qualifications distort the actual training given? How efficient is it to rely on professional trainers to certify the acquisition of skills, rather than run separate testing systems? In Japanese companies the authors have discovered that pride in doing the job well is often the strongest motivation, and that much company training is carried out by colleagues.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203015754

Japan is regarded as a world leader in the field of education and training for improved economic performance. Yet success in Japan is often achieved by going against what is regarded as ideal practice elsewhere. This book offers the most comprehensive review available in English of the many facets of Japanese vocational education and training. Covering the system from primary education through to in job-training offered by companies, this book provides a detailed study of current practice giving equal emphasis to formal training in explicitly vocational courses, and informal training in factories, shops and offices.
The authors analyse the difference between substantive 'person-changing' training and mere 'ability-labelling.' They raise important questions, such as: To what extent does the need to package skills to provide convenient qualifications distort the actual training given? How efficient is it to rely on professional trainers to certify the acquisition of skills, rather than run separate testing systems?
The authors reveal how, in Japanese companies, employees are strongly motivated by pride in the successful execution of their jobs, and that much company training is carried out by colleagues.

For many organisations, training and development remain an aspiration rather than fundamental to their business, and the consequent investment is subject to reductions or reallocations when times get tough. Yet increasing pressures from business globalisation mean that organisations are absolutely dependent on the skills of their workforce if they are to remain competitive. John Talbot's Training in Organisations: A Cost-Benefit Analysis, provides the basis for measuring and analysing the cost and value associated with training. It looks both at manual skills and management training analysis to explore the various approaches for costing training, controlling those costs and applying value analyses to the investment that is being made. Also included is a series of international comparisons across a variety of industry sizes and types which provide organisations with an important benchmark for their own spending.

This book analyzes the ways that workers are ?educated,? via a variety of institutions, to fit into the contemporary labor-unfriendly economic system. As he examines the history and purposes of vocational education, Kincheloe illustrates the manner in which this education shapes the politics of the era. How Do We Tell the Workers? is important reading for policy makers, labor leaders, and educators.

First published in 1999, this book analyzes the process involved in implementing Technical and Vocational Education and Training policies in the countries of Jamaica and The Gambia. A critical approach was used to analyse the role played by different actors in this process, both at public and private sector institutions. The study documented a variety of projects and programmes, ranging from those that promoted entrepreneurship or self-employment amongst young people, to those that were more concerned with providing the skills needed for export-led growth. Overall it highlighted the complexities surrounding implementation and of the importance of donor agencies in financing TVET developments in both countries. Furthermore, it also illustrated how the use of foreign technical assistance and components obtained from the developed world, combined with the influence of the physical and political infrastructure, were the major reasons why projects or programmes failed to achieve their stated objectives. The study concludes by suggesting a model which can be used by policy makers to help ensure that programmes or projects are more successful at meeting local labour market needs, rather than those of aid agencies or actors within the state apparatus.

This book's purpose is to provide a tool for career services personnel to deliver more effective, consistent career counseling. Its primary objective is to present a career counseling process model, including sequential stages and steps, along with a method (the Key Questions Technique) for successfully implementing the model. It is intended to serve as the bridge between the theoretical and the applied worlds of career counseling, and it is hoped that this book will increase the standards of professionalism and objectivity for the many diverse practitioners who currently conduct career counseling in the workplace.

This book's purpose is to provide a tool for career services personnel to deliver more effective, consistent career counseling. Its primary objective is to present a career counseling process model, including sequential stages and steps, along with a method (the Key Questions Technique) for successfully implementing the model. It is intended to serve as the bridge between the theoretical and the applied worlds of career counseling, and it is hoped that this book will increase the standards of professionalism and objectivity for the many diverse practitioners who currently conduct career counseling in the workplace.

Instructional design theory and practice has evolved over the past 30 years from an initial narrow focus on programmed instruction to a multidimensional field of study integrating psychology, technology, evaluation, measurement, and management. The growth of instructional design (ID) has occurred because of direct needs, problems, and goals from society. Its application in planning instruction first developed in the United States with the Department of Defense during World War II with the purpose of meeting immediate concerns for effective training of larger numbers of military personnel. From the beginning, ID has rapidly expanded into applications in industrial and executive training, vocational training, classroom learning, and professional education. Although ID has its roots in the U.S., applications and theoretical growth is an international activity. However, literature at the international level is still limited to either individual author contributions or collections primarily represented by single countries. As a result, there is no standard reference source that contains the rich variety of theories and applications to form the international foundation for the field. The goal of this two-volume set is to establish international foundations for ID theory, research, and practice within the framework of the two following objectives: * to identify and define the theoretical, research, and model foundations for ID, and * to bridge the gap between ID foundations and application. Volume I includes chapters on philosophical and theoretical issues on learning theory and ID models. Volume II provides an overview of the state of the art of solving ID problems. The contributors offer contrasting points of view which provide a rare opportunity to see the diversity and complexity in the field. The editorial committee has selected a wide range of internationally known authors to make presentations in the topic areas of the field.

Instructional design theory and practice has evolved over the past 30 years from an initial narrow focus on programmed instruction to a multidimensional field of study integrating psychology, technology, evaluation, measurement, and management. The growth of instructional design (ID) has occurred because of direct needs, problems, and goals from society. Its application in planning instruction first developed in the United States with the Department of Defense during World War II with the purpose of meeting immediate concerns for effective training of larger numbers of military personnel. From the beginning, ID has rapidly expanded into applications in industrial and executive training, vocational training, classroom learning, and professional education. Although ID has its roots in the U.S., applications and theoretical growth is an international activity. However, literature at the international level is still limited to either individual author contributions or collections primarily represented by single countries. As a result, there is no standard reference source that contains the rich variety of theories and applications to form the international foundation for the field. The goal of this two-volume set is to establish international foundations for ID theory, research, and practice within the framework of the two following objectives: * to identify and define the theoretical, research, and model foundations for ID, and * to bridge the gap between ID foundations and application. Volume I includes chapters on philosophical and theoretical issues on learning theory and ID models. Volume II provides an overview of the state of the art of solving ID problems. The contributors offer contrasting points of view which provide a rare opportunity to see the diversity and complexity in the field. The editorial committee has selected a wide range of internationally known authors to make presentations in the topic areas of the field.

Balanced writing instruction that focuses on both process and product Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product offers a comprehensive vision of the strategies that writers use, the writing genres, and the writer's craft, along with techniques for improving the quality of students' writing. Authentic classroom artifacts, minilessons, and day-to-day teaching strategies are integrated throughout the text to guide pre-service teachers in their learning and offer applied examples. The 7th Edition continues to thoroughly examine genres and instructional procedures with a strong focus on scaffolding instruction to ensure success for all students, including English learners and struggling writers. Comprehensive coverage of both process and product-along with valuable insights on differentiation, technology, assessment, writing to demonstrate learning, and the six traits of writing-offers pre-service teachers the best possible preparation for teaching writing in K-8 classrooms. Also available with the Enhanced Pearson eText The Enhanced Pearson eText provides a rich, interactive learning environment designed to improve student mastery of content with embedded videos and interactive quizzes. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; the Enhanced Pearson eText does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with the Enhanced Pearson eText, ask your instructor to confirm the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information. If you would like to purchase both the physical text and the Enhanced Pearson eText, search for: 0134509676 / 9780134509679 Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product, with Enhanced Pearson eText -- Access Card Package Package consists of: 0134446747 / 9780134446745 Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product, Enhanced Pearson eText -- Access Card 013444678X / 9780134446783 Teaching Writing: Balancing Process and Product

In an age of organizational restructuring and career uncertainty, with upward mobility becoming less and less attainable, how do people find meaning and fulfilment in their work? This book addresses this critical question, offering valuable, concrete suggestions to career development professionals working with clients who long to infuse their work with values. Featuring the insights of leading counsellors and career development practitioners, educators, psychologists, clergy, and management experts, the eleven chapters in Connections Between Spirit and Work in Career Development explain how money, age, gender, and spirituality affect job satisfaction. The authors examine changes that enhance the sense of wholeness in a career, offering illuminating examples showing how people have achieved the goal of balancing work, family life, relationships, and spiritual practice. Responding to the rapidly changing terrain of contemporary work life, this volume presents an extraordinary range of tools and options for career development professionals in their work with their clients.

Re-thinking Careers Education and Guidance is the first book published in the United Kingdom to cover theory, policy and practice in all sectors of careers education and guidance provision. The book features:
* an authoritative review of career theories, together with a new career learning theory
* an analysis of the development of careers provision in schools; colleges; higher education; work organisations; the Careers Service, and in other agencies
* an examination of the main aspects of practice
* an exploration of ways of supporting development and evaluation
* an analysis of the role of public policy, and the development of guidance systems in other parts of the world.
Re-thinking Careers Education and Guidance is an essential text for students in initial training, those engaged in in-service and higher degree work, and reflective guidance practitioners.

eBook available with sample pages: HB:0415139740

As the practice of outplacement counseling continues to evolve, outplacement professionals are increasingly called upon to respond effectively to a rapidly changing set of counseling and business developments. One of the major trends is that the skills and expertise of outplacement practitioners are of value to individuals still employed within corporate organizations as well as to those who have already lost their jobs. Practitioners are designing programs and delivering services in the areas of executive coaching, organization development, internal career management, and more. Another trend is that career management professionals are challenged to provide effective services to an increasingly diverse group of candidates to ensure that they are maintaining the highest professional standards in their service delivery. And more attention is being given to innovative applications of technology to career management services.
As a result of these evolving trends, the need has never been greater for career management professionals to think clearly about the services they deliver, to enhance their own professional development on an ongoing basis, and to respond effectively to changes in the labor market. One of the best ways to accomplish this growth is to fully tap the knowledge and experience of authorities in the field. The contributors to this volume are established industry leaders with demonstrated expertise in their areas of special interest.
This volume is a valuable resource to all those interested in the fields of outplacement and career management-- especially current and "would-be" practitioners. Its contents will benefit candidates receiving career management services and human resources professionals whose organizations provide such services. It is also of interest to those from a variety of academic backgrounds including counseling psychology, organization development, and industrial/organizational psychology. For all of these audiences, this volume assembles practical, state-of-the-art information about important career development topics from a broad range of distinguished practitioners.

This compelling volume presents the work of innovative researchers dealing with current issues in training and training effectiveness in work organizations. Each chapter provides an integrative summary of a research area with the goal of developing a specific research agenda that will not only stimulate thinking in the training field but also direct future research. By concentrating on new ideas and critical methodological and measurement issues rather than summarizing existing literature, the volume offers definitive suggestions for advancing the effectiveness of the training field.
Its chapters focus on emerging issues in training that have important implications for improving both training design and efficacy. They discuss various levels of analysis-- intra-individual, inter-individual, team, and organizational issues--and the factors relevant to achieving a better understanding of training effectiveness from these different perspectives. This type of coverage provides a theoretically driven scientist/practitioner orientation to the book.

This work analyzes the context of post-compulsory education and training through the stories of ten young people entering the world of youth training in Britain. In their re-examination of the ways in which young people make career decisions, the stories are grounded in policies emphasizing individual responsibility for education and training in a market built around neutral careers guidance. The book aims to show that current debates about education and training are often based on false assumptions about how people behave and interact with each other, and to help the reader understand the actions and perceptions of the young people in their care, as well as to reflect on his/her own professional practice.

Accounting, often described as "the language of business", requires a diverse set of written, listening and oral communication skills if those who practise it are to be effective. Given the pace of change relating to, for example, the evolution of international accounting standards and the demands for greater transparency, accountants must be clear, responsive, and audience-focussed communicators. Employers of accountants consistently comment on the need for their new graduate recruits and trainees to have strong written, oral, and interpersonal communication skills. In this light, accounting educators face the challenge of designing and delivering programmes that reflect professional expectations on the part of employers and clients, and educating students on how to make informed communication choices in order to achieve desired results and to build good working relationships. The chapters in this book deal with such topics as accounting students' perceptions of oral communication skills; competence-based writing skills; and the development of listening skills. This book is derived from articles originally published in Accounting Education: an international journal.

Has your school survived a major initiative only to be ambushed by another theory that demands that you rush full speed in the opposite direction? Have you been told that the fate of education depends on "the search for excellence," "equality," or assessment? Is your dream of the day that the consultants will go away and let you get back to work? The irony is that some of the management ideas and prescriptions really can reverse or renovate your school. The key is to determine which ideas belong in your hot file and which in your circular file. In Managers Make the Difference, author Darlene Leiding acknowledges that enormous problems outside schools do not mean that educators inside schools cannot do a better job at managing the learning environment. She designed the book to inform and assist those who wish to redefine problems so they can be solved. You will learn how to use creative problem solving to move from a challenge to creative action. Management can help schools learn how to minimize duplication and increase accountability. With this book, Leiding delivers practical methods you can immediately apply to help you become more creative and to nurture the creativity in the people who work for you. Issues include: Energy savings, The new accountability, Good board/bad board, Standards for school leaders, Staying afloat, Angry parents, Who is teaching our children, and The monster media. In today's educational world we need to achieve significant results at a much faster pace than at any other time in history. Managers, as well as parents, teachers, and students must come together to make a difference.

Career Planning and Job Searching in the Information Age answers key questions for today?s providers of career-planning and job-searching information. Librarians and career development professionals'concerns--such as cost-effective use of the Internet, the reliability and integrity of electronic resources, and successful search strategies--are addressed in this comprehensive collection. In this follow-up to Library Services for Career Planning, Job Searching and Employment Opportunities (1992), real-life methods used by information providers to reduce costs and improve quality of service through a better understanding of today?s technology and audience needs and expectations are shown. Readers learn about: issues and ethics in the electronic environment job searches conducted on the World Wide Web a university placement office?s gopher site for 24-hour access to job information a university library and career service department?s collaboration on job search seminars how a public library fit electronic job searching into its mission an alumnae network?s evolution into a national career development organizationCareer Planning and Job Searching in the Information Age presents a broad base of knowledge from which readers are launched into tightly focused case studies offering details on how to deal with the issues of technology and service. This book makes it clear that in the ever-changing world of information technology, there is little room for the status quo. Professionals who don't learn about electronic resources risk missing out on a wealth of up-to-the-minute information that is infinitely useful to patrons planning a career or searching for a job. Library professionals just beginning to address these issues, professionals already possessing a general knowledge of these issues, and students of library science and career development will all benefit from this collection.