The first book completely devoted to the subject, this volume describes the analysis of the composition and structure of glass and glass ceramics. Although conceived as a monograph, the individual chapters are written by leading Schott experts on the corresponding subjects.

Worldwide research on ancient glass began in the early 20th century. A consensus has been reached in the community of Archaeology that the first manmade or synthetic glasses, based on archaeological findings, originated in the Middle East during the 5000-3000's BC. By contrast, the manufacturing technology of pottery and ceramics were well developed in ancient China. The earliest pottery and ceramics dates back to the Shang Dynasty - the Zhou Dynasty (1700 BC-770 BC), while the earliest ancient glass artifacts unearthed in China dates back to the Western Han Dynasty. Utilizing the state-of-the art analytical and spectroscopic methods, the recent findings demonstrate that China had already developed its own glassmaking technology at latest since 200 BC. There are two schools of viewpoint on the origin of ancient Chinese glass. The more common one believes that ancient Chinese glass originated from the import of glassmaking technology from the West as a result of Sino-West trade exchanges in the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-25 AD). The other scientifically demonstrates that homemade ancient Chinese glass with unique domestic formula containing both PbO and BaO were made as early as in the Pre-Qin Period or even the Warring State Period (770 BC-221 BC), known as Youhsa or Faience. This English version of the previously published Chinese book entitled History of Ancient Chinese Glass Technology Development is for universities and research institutes where various research and educational activities of ancient glass and history are conducted. With 18 chapters, the scope of this book covers very detailed information on scientifically based findings of ancient Chinese glass development and imports and influence of foreign glass products as well as influence of the foreign glass manufacturing processes through the trade exchanges along the Silk Road(s).

Boron nitride was first produced in the 18th century and, by virtue of its extraordinary mechanical strength, has found extensive application in industrial processes since the 1940s. However, the more recent discovery that boron nitride allotropes are as structurally diverse as those of carbon (e.g. fullerenes, graphene, carbon nanotubes) has placed this material, and particularly its low-dimensional allotropes, back at the forefront of modern material science. This book provides a comprehensive history of this rapid rise in the status of boron nitride and boron nitride nanomaterials, spanning the earliest examples of three-dimensional boron nitride allotropes, through to contemporary structures such as monolayer hexagonal boron nitride, boron nitride nanomeshes, boron nitride nanotubes and the incorporation of boron nitride into cutting-edge van der Waals heterostructures. It specifically focuses on the properties, applications and synthesis techniques for each of these allotropes and examines how the evolution in boron nitride production methods is linked to that in our understanding of how low-dimensional nanomaterials self-assemble, or 'grow', during synthesis. The book demonstrates the key synergy between growth mechanisms and the development of new, advanced nanostructured materials.

This book explains theoretical and technological aspects of amorphous drug formulations. It is intended for all those wishing to increase their knowledge in the field of amorphous pharmaceuticals. Conversion of crystalline material into the amorphous state, as described in this book, is a way to overcome limited water solubility of drug formulations, in this way enhancing the chemical activity and bioavailability inside the body. Written by experts from various fields and backgrounds, the book introduces to fundamental physical aspects (explaining differences between the ordered and the disordered solid states, the enhancement of solubility resulting from drugs amorphization, physical instability and how it can be overcome) as well as preparation and formulation procedures to produce and stabilize amorphous pharmaceuticals. Readers will thus gain a well-funded understanding and find a multi-faceted discussion of the properties and advantages of amorphous drugs and of the challenges in producing and stabilizing them. The book is an ideal source of information for researchers and students as well as professionals engaged in research and development of amorphous pharmaceutical products.

More than 100 important innovations in ceramics in the last 100 years are individually described. These include such major advances as the float glass process, continuous glass fibers and glass wool, the zirconia oxygen sensor, honeycomb ceramics, tape casting and multilayer ceramics, advances in tunnel kilns, low loss optical fiber, dental ceramics, basic oxygen steelmaking refractories, and uranium dioxide as a nuclear fuel. In addition, a summary of progress in ceramics is given that relates ceramic advances to general trends in the progress of science and industrial development.

This book presents novel methods for the simulation of damage evolution in aerospace composites that will assist in predicting damage onset and growth and thus foster less conservative designs which realize the promised economic benefits of composite materials. The presented integrated numerical/experimental methodologies are capable of taking into account the presence of damage and its evolution in composite structures from the early phases of the design (conceptual design) through to the detailed finite element method analysis and verification phase. The book is based on the GARTEUR Research Project AG-32, which ran from 2007 to 2012, and documents the main results of that project. In addition, the state of the art in European projects on damage evolution in composites is reviewed. While the high specific strength and stiffness of composite materials make them suitable for aerospace structures, their sensitivity to damage means that designing with composites is a challenging task. The new approaches described here will prove invaluable in meeting that challenge.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the steps involved in the ceramic injection molding process. It provides the reader with a convenient and authoritative source of information and guidance on the use of materials, equipment and testing procedures to produce satisfactory ceramic products.

This textbook gives a clear and coherent overview of ceramic membranes, from preparation methods all the way to applications and economics. The authors, who are known for their clear writing style, combine their expertise in environmental engineering and porous materials to cover a wide range of examples, with over 1000 references. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 give a detailed introduction to membrane synthesis, transport mechanisms, and characterisation. Building on this, Chapter 4 outlines the state-of-the-art in ceramic membrane applications, including fuel cells, water purification, gas separation, and the making of cheeses, fruit juice, wine and beer. The final chapter deals with the economics of ceramic membrane processes, using industrial case studies to examine market barriers and opportunities. Ceramics are known throughout history, but now, after thousands of years, they're making a comeback. Indeed, they may hold the key for addressing three of today's biggest challenges: clean energy, drinking water and air pollution. This book is a must-have for anyone who wants to enter the ceramic membranes field, or keep up-to-date with the latest developments and applications. This textbook gives a clear and coherent overview of ceramic membranes, from preparation methods all the way to applications and economics. The authors, who are known for their clear writing style, combine their expertise in environmental engineering and porous materials to cover a wide range of examples, with over 1000 references. Chapters 1, 2 and 3 give a detailed introduction to membrane synthesis, transport mechanisms, and characterisation. Building on this, Chapter 4 outlines the state-of-the-art in ceramic membrane applications, including fuel cells, water purification, gas separation, and the making of cheeses, fruit juice, wine and beer. The final chapter deals with the economics of ceramic membrane processes, using industrial case studies to examine market barriers and opportunities. Ceramics are known throughout history, but now, after thousands of years, they're making a comeback. Indeed, they may hold the key for addressing three of today's biggest challenges: clean energy, drinking water and air pollution. This book is a must-have for anyone who wants to enter the ceramic membranes field, or keep up-to-date with the latest developments and applications.

This volume gives background knowledge about the difficult matter of electrochemical behaviour of glass melts and solid glasses, laying the foundations for- a sound understanding of physicochemical redox and ion transfer processes in solid or liquid glasses and the interpretation of experimental results;- control of production processes, including fining, interface reactions and thermodynamic equilibria of glass melts with refractories and the surrounding atmosphere;- the field-driven ion exchange between solutions and glasses or within electrochromic thin-film systems; - fundamentals and application of glass electrodes for PH measurements, as well as information about the presently ongoing redefinition by a IUPAC committee;- mechanisms responsible for glass corrosion;- the concept of optical basicity.

This book focuses on the matrix cracking behavior in ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), including first matrix cracking behavior, matrix cracking evolution behavior, matrix crack opening and closure behavior considering temperature and oxidation. The micro-damage mechanisms are analyzed, and the micromechanical damage models are developed to characterize the cracking behavior. Experimental matrix cracking behavior of different CMCs at room and elevated temperatures is predicted. The book can help the material scientists and engineering designers to better understand the cracking behavior in CMCs.

This thesis reports on innovations in the design and direct synthesis of graphene-based woven fabric (GWF) and multi-layer graphene/porous carbon woven fabric films (MLG/PC) by means of chemical vapor deposition (CVD), using woven copper mesh and nickel mesh as the template. Further, it presents the successful applications of these materials as a platform for solar cells, super capacitors and sensors, making it especially of interest to researchers and graduate students in the fields of materials sciences, nanotechnology and renewable energy.

This edition retains its pedagogical structure but has been extensively revised and updated. Features advances in the field pertaining to the latest developments on fatigue and fracture as well as environmental aspects of some hazardous materials and their effects on glass during long term storage. Contains a new description of the oxidation state of glass and its components based on the phase rule. Includes a new chapter on chemical durability with recent information regarding corrosion of glass and radioactive waste disposal.

Wisdom is the principal thing; therefore get wisdom; and with all thy getting, get understanding. Proverbs 4:7 In the early chapters of the book of Proverbs there is a strong emphasis on three words: knowledge, understanding, and wisdom. Perhaps we can apply these words to our philosophy behind the technology of Predictive Process Control. Knowledge is the accumulation of information provided by education as we begin to store the data in our brains that should prepare us for the challenges of the manufacturing environment. It applies to every level and every opportunity of education, formal and informal. This is simply to Know, without any requirement except a good memory, and is the basis for the following two thoughts. Understanding is the assimilation of knowledge, or the thinking process, as we begin to arrange and rearrange the data we Know for quick recall as it may be needed. This also applies to every level and opportunity of education. It is Know-Why based upon what we Know, and it requires some scepticism of oversimplified answers and a hunger for mental consistency. Wisdom is the application of both knowledge and understanding in real life enterprises. As we apply both our knowledge and understanding in those situations, all three are further enhanced by each progressive experience. This is that wonderful Know-How - to apply our education based upon Know-why, which was based upon Knowledge - which provides the confidence we need to advance in all phases of performance.

This book presents an in-depth approach to concrete ingredients and their relationships to concrete by discussing their properties, pertinent test methods, specifications, proper use, proper selection, and problems in practice and their solutions. Its approach is practice oriented, and the book aims to assist in the improved application of concrete through a thorough understanding of its ingredients. The fulfillment of this aim is helped by the discussion of certain fundamental aspects and relationships in quantitative forms, and by also presenting the interpretation of research and experience. An extensive bibliography is included. The book is an up-to-date, organized summary of current knowledge concerning concrete-making materials, which will enable the engineer/user to make the best possible product using these materials.

This collection focuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. Papers cover topics such as clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic materials, magnetic materials, environmental materials, advanced materials, and soft materials. In addition, papers covering materials extraction, materials processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development are included. This book provides a current snapshot of characterization in materials science and its role in validating, informing, and driving current theories in the field of materials science. This volume will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.

This book focus on the challenges faced by cutting materials with superior mechanical and chemical characteristics, such as hardened steels, titanium alloys, super alloys, ceramics and metal matrix composites. Aspects such as costs and appropriate machining strategy are mentioned. The authors present the characteristics of the materials difficult to cut and comment on appropriate cutting tools for their machining. This book also serves as a reference tool for manufacturers working in industry.

Related Title: Laboratory Scientific Glassblowing: Advanced Techniques and Glassblowing's Place in History'If you are interested in learning about glassblowing techniques for scientific glassware, then this book is an incredible opportunity to learn from a master glassblower. Much of this information is passed down in person, and to have it available in a book such as this is a very rare opportunity that you should not pass up.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineThis book explains and demonstrates the methods involved in scientific glassblowing. It describes elementary to advanced glass manipulation together with technical information on its safe use and development in the laboratory. Edited by Paul Le Pinnet (MBE), a scientific glassblower with over 50 years' experience in the field, experts in glassblowing are brought together to explain their methods and approaches used to produce a variety of glassware.Laboratory Scientific Glassblowing is a unique project which updates and develops the traditional art of glassblowing and brings it into the 21st century. New skills and materials are introduced, including descriptions of working with fused silica, on laser profile cutting and on the creation of artistic glassware in a scientific setting. Written specifically as a hands-on reference work, this book can be used as a step-by-step practical guide for practitioners and scientists as well as students and apprentices interested in the field.Contributions from: Michael Baumbach, MD of H Baumbach & Co; Paul Rathmill, Enterprise Q; William Fludgate, MD BioChem Glass (app) Ltd; Ian Pearson (Past Chairman BSSG), Editor, BSSG Journal; Gary Coyne, California State University USA; Konstantin Kraft-Poggensee, Former chairman, German Scientific Glassblowing Society; Keith Holden President of the Australian and New Zealand Glassblowing Society; Phil Murray, Churchill Fellow.

The first book to focus on the role of glass as a material of critical importance to the wine industry For centuries glass has been the material of choice for storing, shipping, and sipping wine. How did that come to pass, and why? To what extent have glassmaking and wine making co-evolved over the centuries? The first book to focus on the role of glass as a material of critical importance to the wine industry, The Glass of Wine answers these and other fascinating questions. The authors deftly interweave compelling historical, technical, and esthetic narratives in their exploration of glass as the vessel of choice for holding, storing, and consuming wine. They discuss the traditions informing the shapes and sizes of wine bottles and wine glasses, and they demystify the selection of the "right glass" for red versus white varietals, as well as sparkling and dessert wines. In addition, they review the technology of modern glassmaking and consider the various roles glass plays in wineries especially in the enologist's laboratory. And they consider the increasing use of aluminum and polymer containers and its potential impact on the central role of glass as the essential material for wine appreciation. * The first book focusing on the role of glass and its central importance to the wine industry * Written by a glass scientist at UC Davis, home of the premier viticulture and enology program in North America * Interlards discussions of the multi-billion-dollar glass and wine industries with valuable technical insights for scientists, engineers, and wine enthusiasts alike * Illustrates the wide spectrum of bottles, carafes, decanters, and drinking glasses with an abundance of exquisite full-color photos Both an authoritative guide and a compelling read, The Glass of Wine tells the story of the centuries-old marriage between an endlessly fascinating material and a celebrated beverage. It is sure to have enormous appeal among ceramic and glass professionals, wine makers, and oenophiles of all backgrounds.

This book focuses on the advances of additive manufacturing in the applications of wearable electronics, energy storage, biomedical implants and devices, drug delivery, and technologies for 4D printing, large-scale printing, and ceramics printing. It provides timely insights into the materials, functionalities, and applications of additive manufacturing.

This textbook entitled Fundamentals of Perovskite Oxides: Synthesis, Structure, Properties and Applications summarizes the structure, synthesis routes, and potential applications of perovskite oxide materials. Since these perovskite-type ceramic materials offer opportunities in a wide range of fields of science and engineering, the chapters are broadly organized into four sections of perovskite-type oxide materials and technology. Covers recent developments in perovskite oxides Serves as a quick reference of perovskite oxides information Describes novel synthesis routes for nanostructured perovskites Discusses comprehensive details for various crystal structures, synthesis methods, properties, and applications Applies to academic education, scientific research, and industrial R&D for materials research in real-world applications like bioengineering, catalysis, energy conversion, energy storage, environmental engineering, and data storage and sensing This book serves as a handy and practical guideline suitable for students, engineers, and researchers working with advanced ceramic materials.

This book discusses the mechanical properties of ceramics and aims to provide both a solid background for undergraduate students, as well as serving as a text to bring practicing engineers up to date with the latest developments in this topic so they can use and apply these to their actual engineering work.

Generally, ceramics are made by moistening a mixture of clays, casting it into desired shapes and then firing it to a high temperature, a process known as 'vitrification'. The relatively late development of metallurgy was contingent on the availability of ceramics and the know-how to mold them into the appropriate forms. Because of the characteristics of ceramics, they offer great advantages over metals in specific applications in which hardness, wear resistance and chemical stability at high temperatures are essential. Clearly, modern ceramics manufacturing has come a long way from the early clay-processing fabrication method, and the last two decades have seen the development of sophisticated techniques to produce a large variety of ceramic material.
The chapters of this volume are ordered to help students with their laboratory experiments and guide their observations in parallel with lectures based on the current text. Thus, the first chapter is devoted to mechanical testing. A chapter of ductile and superplastic ceramic is added to emphasize their role in modern ceramics (chapter 2). These are followed by the theoretical basis of the subject. Various aspects of the mechanical properties are discussed in the following chapters, among them, strengthening mechanisms, time dependent and cyclic deformation of ceramics. Many practical illustrations are provided representing various observations encountered in actual ceramic-structures of particularly technical significance. A comprehensive list of references at the end of each chapter is included in this textbook to provide a broad basis for further studying the subject.The work also contains a unique chapter on a topic not discussed in other textbooks on ceramics concerning nanosized ceramics.

This work will also be useful as a reference for materials scientists, not only to those who specialize in ceramics."

Emerging microbial and viral infections are a serious challenge to health, safety, and economics around the world. Antimicrobial and antiviral technologies are needed to disrupt the progression and replication of bacteria and viruses and to counter their rapidly evolving resistance. This book discusses recent developments in materials science and engineering in combating infectious diseases and explores advances in antimicrobial and antiviral materials, including polymers, metals, and ceramics and their applications in the fight against pathogens. Features * Covers progress in biomimetic antimicrobial and antiviral materials and antimicrobial/antiviral bulk materials and coatings * Describes modern methods for disinfection of biomedical materials against microbial and viral infection resistance, especially for depressing novel coronavirus (COVID-19) * Details methods to improve material properties to have a longer service life in combating infection * Emphasizes chemical, physical, mechanical, tribological, and antimicrobial/antiviral properties * Offers current and future applications of emerging antimicrobial/antiviral technologies This book will be of interest to materials researchers and industry professionals focusing on antimicrobial and antiviral applications.