This Volume 13 of the Fracture Mechanics of Ceramics series constitutes the th Proceedings of the 7 International Symposium on the fracture mechanics of ceramics held at the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia on July 20 to 22, 1999. The series started from the Proceedings of the 1 st Symposium at the Pennsylvania State University that has been held on 1973 (Vols. 1 and 2), followed by 1977 and 1981 Years meetings (Vols. 3 to 6) which were held at the Pennsylvania State University, too. Volumes 7 and 8 are from the 1985 Symposium which was held at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Volumes 9 and 10 are from the 1991 Symposium at Japan Fine Ceramic Centre, Nagoya, and Volumes 11 and 12 are from the 1995 Symposium at Kernforschungszentrum, Karlsruhe. The theme of the Symposium was focused on the mechanical behaviour of advanced ceramics in terms of the cracks, particularly the crack-microstructure interaction, delayed failure, environmental effects in fracture. Special attention was paid on the novel methods in fracture mechanics testing, pre-standardisation and standartisation. The authors from 19 countries represented the current state of that field. The International Scientific Committee gratefully acknowledge the sponsoring provided by The Russian Academy of Sciences and, personally, Academician Yu.S.Osipov, President of RAS; The Ministry of Science and Technologies of the Russian Federation, Prof. G.Terestchenko; Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Academician I.Moiseev; Scientific Technical Center "Bacor," Dr. B.Krasnij; Gzhel Ltd., Prof.

By combining the properties and strengths of various materials it is possible to produce a hybrid or composite material with properties ideally suited to a specific application, and this is particularly important for developing new materials for rapidly growing high-technology industries. This book provides a state-of-the-art review of ceramic-matrix composite systems, and examines the different types of reinforcement used, methods of production, and design requirements. It also discusses specific benefits, uses and potential applications. The book is written for materials scientists and engineers who require a thorough understanding of the design requirements and applications of new materials for high technology industries. Postgraduate students in materials science, mechanical engineering, and structural engineering will find the book a useful source of reference.

This book is a translation of an important Japanese work on electronic ceramics and includes much experimental data. It will be of great interest to ceramicists and electronic engineers working with ceramic materials interested in an overview of recent Japanese research in this rapidly developing field.

This book is a collection of papers dedicated to Professor Dr. Krzysztof Wilman 'ski onthe occasionof his 70thbirthday. The bookcontains25 cont- butions of his friends and colleagues. He met the invited authors at di?erent stagesofhisscienti?ccareerofalmost50yearssothatthecontributionscover a wide range of ?elds stemming from continuum mechanics. This happened at numerous universities and research institutes where he both taught and did his excellent research work, e. g. * the University of Lod ' ' z, Poland, where he studied Civil Engineering and did his diploma work onElastic-plastic thermal stresses in a thin ring and where he graduated with his PhD-work in the ?eld of Continuous Models of Discrete Systems, * theInstituteofFundamentalTechnologicalResearchofthePolishAcademy of Sciences in Warsaw, where he got his habilitation in the ?eld Non- cal Continuum Mechanics and where he was the head of the Research Group Continuum Thermodynamics. He collaborated with W. Fiszdon, L. Turski, Cz. Wozniak, H. Zorski and others on the topics axiomatic and kinetic foundations of continuumthermodynamics, theory of mixtures, phase transformations in solids, * theJohnsHopkinsUniversityinBaltimore,US,wherehe workedtogether, e. g. with C. Truesdell, J. Ericksen and W. Williams, on axiomatic and kinetic foundations of continuum thermodynamics, * the College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq, where he was a Visiting Professor and taught many courses, * theUniversityofPaderbornandtheTechnicalUniversityBerlin,Germany, wherehe had an Alexander von Humboldt Stipend andcontractsasa V- iting Professor (works on a model of crystallizing polymers, on a nonlocal thermodynamicmodelofplasmasandelectrolytesandonmartensiticphase transformations), * the Wissenschaftskolleg zu Berlin (Institute for Advanced Studies), G- many,whereheworkedtogetherwithe. g. I.

Emerging Fields in Sol-gel Science and Technology contains selected papers from the symposium on "Sol-Gel and Vitreous Materials and Applications" held during the International Materials Research Congress in Cancun, Mexico in August 2002. One hundred and twenty researchers representing 10 countries attended this symposium.

Some of the subjects covered in this symposium include 1.) synthesis of new materials endowed with outstanding and non-conventional optical, magnetic, electrical, thermal, catalytic, and mechanical properties; 2.) study of the sorption properties of model porous materials in order to test the validity of previous and recent theories; 3.) theoretical studies related to density functional theory, fractal and scaling law approaches, 4.) synthesis of biomaterials for use in medicine and pollution control; 5.) application of sol-gel colloids in the fine-chemistry industry in products such as fragrances and pharmaceuticals; 6.) development of special vitreous materials; 7.) implementation of inorganic thin films, and 8.) synthesis of materials for energy saving. "

This collection represents a cross-section of the papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Recrystallization and Grain Growth. The volume is divided into nine sections: * Grain growth theory and simulation * Recrystallization theory and simulation * Low carbon and IF steels * High strength steels * Electrical steels * Stainless steels * Aluminum and magnesium alloys * Nickel and nickel based superalloys * Unconventional and advanced materials

This book is the first of its kind to deal with fabrication processes of metal matrix composites (MMCs) theoretically, experimentally, systematically, and instructively. The theoretical bases of fabrication processes and recycling processes of MMCs are established in this volume. Most other books in the field are concerned with the mechanics of properties, which is not easy for readers to grasp, and they introduce fabrication processes only as techniques without theoretical discussion. Because this book provides a clear image of the fabrication processes of MMCs without using complicated mathematics, readers can use production theory to create new composites. Also, fundamental concepts of recycling of MMCs are given in this book for the first time so as to meet the demands for solving environmental problems. This work originally was published in Japanese and has attained a high reputation among Japanese professors and researchers in the field.

This is the first book that explains how to structure glass for micro- and nanophotonic applications. It deals with various glass compositions and their properties, and the interactions between glass and the electromagnetic waves used to modify it. The book also explores methods for influencing the geometrical microstructure of glass as well as methods to produce actual microdevices. It also details methods for influencing the geometrical microstructure of glasses.

For the past seventy years, ferrites (magnetic ceramics) have been prized for a range of properties that has no equivalent in the existing metal magnetic materials. They have contributed to many important advances in electronics and new high-performance products are appearing all the time. Ferrite technology has produced greater progress in the past 15 years since the first edition was published. Many of the semiconductor and IC technology responsible for the computer and Internet explosion would not have been possible without the magnetic materials technology needed for powering and otherwise exploiting those developments.

Modern Ferrite Technology, 2nd ed, offers the readers an expert overview of the latest ferrite advances as well as their applications in electronic components. This volume develops the interplay among material properties, component specification and device requirements using ferrites. Throughout, emphasis is placed on practical technological concerns as opposed to mathematical and physical aspects of the subject.

The book traces the origin of the magnetic effect in ferrites from the level of the simplest particle and the increases the scope to the larger and larger hierarchies. From the desired magnetic properties the author deduces the physical and chemical material parameters, taking into consideration major chemistry, impurity levels, ceramic microstructures and grain boundary effects. He then discusses the processing conditions and associated conditions required for implementation. In addition to conventional ceramic techniques, he describes non-conventional methods such as coprecipitation, co-spray roasting and single crystal growth.

The secondsection of this book deals with a complete listing of the many important applications in the field including ferrites for permanent magnet, telecommunications, power supplies, memory systems magnetic recording and microwave applications.

The function of ferrites in each of these applications is described. The requirements of the electronic circuit and device are broken down into the individual component specifications with regard to size and configuration. Design criteria for power level, degree of stability and cost are then considered.

This thesis presents a theoretical analysis of the behavior of glasses under external perturbations, i.e. compression and shear straining. Written in a pedagogical style, it explains every facet of the problem in detail, including many crucial steps that cannot be found in the existing literature-making it particularly useful for students and as an introduction to the subject of glassy physics. In glassy systems the behavior under external compression and shear-strain is quite peculiar. Many complex phenomena are observed and grasping them fully would be a major step toward a complete theory of the glass transition. This thesis makes important advances in this direction, analyzing the behavior of glassy states in painstaking detail and reproducing it in the framework of a recently developed mean field theory for glasses that has proven extremely successful for jamming, demonstrating its predictive power in the context of metastable glassy states obtained through nonequilibrium protocols.

Machining of Metal Matrix Composites provides the fundamentals and recent advances in the study of machining of metal matrix composites (MMCs). Each chapter is written by an international expert in this important field of research. Machining of Metal Matrix Composites gives the reader information on machining of MMCs with a special emphasis on aluminium matrix composites. Chapter 1 provides the mechanics and modelling of chip formation for traditional machining processes. Chapter 2 is dedicated to surface integrity when machining MMCs. Chapter 3 describes the machinability aspects of MMCs. Chapter 4 contains information on traditional machining processes and Chapter 5 is dedicated to the grinding of MMCs. Chapter 6 describes the dry cutting of MMCs with SiC particulate reinforcement. Finally, Chapter 7 is dedicated to computational methods and optimization in the machining of MMCs. Machining of Metal Matrix Composites can serve as a useful reference for academics, manufacturing and materials researchers, manufacturing and mechanical engineers, and professionals involved with MMC applications. It can also be used to teach modern manufacturing engineering or as a textbook for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate engineering courses in machining, manufacturing or materials.

Characterization is an important and fundamental step in material research before and after processing. This bookfocuses on the characterization of minerals, metals, and materials as well as the application of characterization results on the processing of these materials. It is a highly authoritative collection of articles written by experts from around the world. The articles center on materials characterization, extraction, processing, corrosion, welding, solidification, and method development. In addition, articles focus on clays, ceramics, composites, ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, minerals, electronic, magnetic, environmental, advanced and soft materials. This book will serve the dual purpose of furnishing a broad introduction of the field to novices while simultaneously serving to keep subject matter experts up-to-date.

This volume is intended to be used as a textbook for teaching pur poses and also as a reference source for working engineers. Therefore, a wide range of subject matter must be covered, starting with funda mental explanations for students, and extending to advanced applica tions for development workers and factory problem-solvers. Such an ambitious task is being attempted only because of the present lack of resources which might otherwise fill the need. The author planned the book for use as the primary text in an un dergraduate course in processing, which he teaches at Rutgers University. However, the book could also be used as a supplementary text for more general courses in related subjects. Powder metallurgy, printing inks, and paints involve many of the same organic additives as ceramic processing. These specialized fields of technology are usually covered somewhat by very general college courses in metallurgy, materials science, and chemical engineering, but there appears to be a need for more specific training in the area of the organic additives used in those fields. The formulators, for lack of confidence and better understanding, often rely on simple waxes or acrylates, when a higher level of technological knowledge could provide improved results. It is intended that this book will be useful as a supplementary source of information for those fields also, both as a self-teaching tool and for college coursework."

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization explores advanced technologies based on CO2 utilization. The book provides an overview on the conversion and utilization of CO2, extraction techniques, heterogeneous catalysis, green solvent, industrial approaches, and commodity products through energy-intensive processes. In addition, it highlights lifecycle assessment and biological and engineering strategies for CO2 utilization. Each chapter presents challenges in the processes and future perspectives for the application of CO2 conversion and utilization.

This book summarizes the experimental evidence and modern classical and theoretical approaches in understanding the vitreous state, from structural problems, over equilibrium and non-equilibrium thermodynamics, to statistical physics. Glasses, and especially silicate glasses, are only the best known representatives of this particular physical state of matter. Other typical representatives include organic polymer glasses, and many other easily vitrifying organic and inorganic substances, technically important materials, amidst them vitreous water and vitrified aqueous solutions, and also many metallic alloy systems. Some of these systems only form glasses under particular conditions, e.g. through ultra-rapid cooling. This book describes the properties and the formation of both every-day technical glasses and especially of such more exotic forms of vitreous matter.
Itis a unique source of knowledge and new ideas for materials scientists, engineers and researchers working on condensed matter. The new edition emphasizes latest experimental findings and modern theories, explaining the kinetics of glass formation, the relaxation and stabilization of glasses and their crystallization in terms of new models, derived from the framework of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. It shows how the properties of common technical glasses, window glass, or the vitreous ice kernel of comets can be used to develop a new understanding of the existence of matter in various, unusualforms. The described theories can even find application for the description of lasers and interesting unusual processes in the universe."

Provides exclusive material on refractories Discusses detailed descriptions of different shaped and unshaped refractories Uses phase diagrams for better understanding of concepts Explores details on testing and specifications including thermochemical and corrosion behaviour Includes a separate chapter on trends of refractories and other issues

The Properties of Optical Glass introduces to the physical and chemical fundamentals of optical glasses and gives a survey of their properties with respect to a great variety of applications. The contributions are written by experts of SCHOTT, one of the world's main companies producing special glasses for science and technology. The book will help both engineers and scientists to find their optimum type of special glass whatever the application should be: a consumer and industrial product or a sophisticated application in research and development.

The purpose of Oxide-Based Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites is to provide comprehensive information on the most recent successful findings. The book consists of six chapters which characterize the current state of the art concerning oxide-based fiber-reinforced composites.

Chapter one provides an introduction, examples of application areas and background information. Chapter two deals with the primary material properties for the areas of application and lists the possible constituent parts of the composites, depending on particular demands. Chapter three explains both the past and present fabrication methods which can affect the performance of the composites. Chapter four defines the interphase-related phenomena and describes the mechanical characteristics of the oxide-based fiber-reinforced composite, produced with different interphases. Chapter five deals with the fabrication route, functionality and mechanical characterization of the porous-matrix composites. The last chapter summarizes the present achievements and identifies requirements for reaching the goal, thereby providing a promising course for future research.

Despite the significant progress, which has been made in developing of ceramic materials desired for engineering applications, their mass production is still not on expected level. Among the key factors hindering higher exploitation of these materials the problems in processing were identified. The processing comprises powder production, mixing techniques, forming, and sintering. All of them are equally important and all of them can introduce defects into the material. Besides improvement in processing, the properties of ceramic materials can be considerably improved by the creation of composites. Composites formed at micro or macro level are able to form more flaw-tolerant material. Considerable research activities, working on above mentioned phenomena are in progress at industrial laboratories as well as other research centres. This volume presents the contributions to the Advanced Research Workshop "Engineering Ceramics '96" with 65 participants from 21 countries held on 12th - 15th May 1996 at Smolenice Castle, Slovakia, the conference site of Slovak Academy of Sciences. The book covers research activities on engineering ceramic materials and gives an overview with respect to recent developments.

Accessible and generously illustrated in full colour, this reference spans the history of glass, the raw materials and the manufacturing process, as well as its many products. Informative and compact, this convenient guide is appropriate for anyone interested in glass. Revised throughout for this new edition.

This thesis deals with the processes that create ordered assemblies from disordered nanoparticles. Ordered packings of nanoscale particles can exhibit unusual properties. This work investigates the self-assembly of such particles, a process widely employed for the generation of ordered structures, but not yet well understood. In situ methods are used to observe the assembly of sub-micron polymer lattices and sub-10 nm gold particles into crystalline monolayers and aggregates. On the basis of these results, the book develops new models that describe the competition between different influences, such as thermal agitation and directional forces. It suggests necessary criteria that lead to the emergence of order.

A comprehensive textbook on ceramic technology and a chronicle of the developments made by the European Ceramic Work Centre. The Ceramic Process is both a comprehensive textbook on ceramic technology and a chronicle of the developments made by the European Ceramic Work Centre (EKWC) over the years. It is a practical book which helps you to look at materials, methods and equipment, using the results of various artists' projects for inspiration. EKWC is internationally renowned as a centre where ceramic artists come for a period to experiment with new materials, methods and technologies. Their time there is funded and they are given the back-up of innovative technicians and materials to work with. Learn about the artists who have worked at the centre, including some of the top names in sculpture and ceramics from around the world: Neil Brownsword, Tony Cragg, Ewen Henderson, Jun Kaneko, Anish Kapoor, Kinpei Nakamura and Betty Woodman. Throughout the book, discover some spectacular results and how the new techniques and materials have been adopted by artists around the world.