This is the first book to examine the economic impact of external cultures - the Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans - upon the Iberian peninsula throughout the first millennium BC. Benedict Lowe provides a synthesis of recent archaeological work to place Spain in the broader context of debates about Romanisation during the Republic and Early Imperial period. He adopts a chronological approach, focusing on the processes of integration and regionalism in the economy of the Iberian peninsula. The book begins with an introduction to the kingdom of Tartessos and the impact of the Phoenician and Greek colonists upon the economy of the peninsula, setting the scene for Rome's conquest. Succeeding chapters explore the growing Roman presence, culminating in the first century AD. Combining literary and archaeological evidence, "Roman Iberia" provides an in-depth analysis of the Romanisation of Iberia in economic terms: villas, urbanism, pottery and trade and the interaction of Roman and native populations.

This book brings together for the first time archaeological findings from key ports throughout the Indian Ocean - the Red Sea, South Arabia, the Gulf and India - to build up a balanced picture of relations between East and West. Combined evidence from artefacts and documents reveals a complex situation whereby ordinary goods were carried alongside the more costly items - such as pepper, aromatics and gems - that drove the trade. Here the focus is on ordinary artefacts that uncover a network of Romans, Arabs, Sasanians and Indians who participated in the trade. The evidence from ceramics, especially, shows the interplay between these different ethnic groups, where they lived, when the trade was active, and even how it was organised.The account is arranged geographically, drawing on new evidence from the author's experience of archaeological sites and materials on the Red Sea and in India. A final chapter sketches the changing fortunes of trade between the first century BC and the seventh century AD in the light of these important new archaeological discoveries.

A detailed study of the important silver hoard from Hildesheim, Germany.

During the lifetime of Augustus (from 63 B.C. to A.D. 14), Roman civilization spread at a remarkable rate throughout the ancient world, influencing such areas as art and architecture, religion, law, local speech, city design, clothing, and leisure and family activities. In this vivid book, Ramsay MacMullen investigates why the adoption of Roman ways was so prevalent during this period.
Drawing largely on archaeological sources, MacMullen discovers that during this period more than half a million Roman veterans were resettled in colonies overseas, and an additional hundred or more urban centers in the provinces took on normal Italian-Roman town constitutions. Great sums of expendable wealth came into the hands of ambitious Roman and local notables, some of which was spent in establishing and advertising Roman ways. MacMullen argues that acculturation of the ancient world was due not to cultural imperialism on the part of the conquerors but to eagerness of imitation among the conquered, and that the Romans were able to respond with surprisingly effective techniques of mass production and standardization.

The study of Olbia has always been set apart through the outstanding results of its excavations and the splendor of individual finds there. This volume focuses on the interaction of the city of Olbia and the population around it, embracing both the Scythian and the classical worlds. Chapters consider the progress of archaeology at Olbia, Herodotus' account of Olbia and its environs, interaction between Greeks and non-Greeks, and Olbia's situation under the early Roman Empire.
Offering the opportunity to engage with some of the most pressing current issues in this field, this volume will be essential reading for scholars and students engaged with the ancient history and archaeology of the Black Sea.

Fundi is a town in southern coastal Latium and was especially active in Late-Republican and Imperial times. The author traces the historical development of the city from the earliest data through to Roman times. Italian text.

Opus signinum is an antique floor-covering technique, especially noted in the Mediterranean area. The technique is based on a waterproof mortar of a mixture of lime, water and tile powder which gives it a reddish colour. This current research focused mainly on the opus signinum process as recorded in the antique literature (especially Vitrivius and Pliny) and then scientific analysis, in order to define the composition of the mortar. Over 100 pavements from Mediterranean countries (5th c BC 2nd c AD) have been compiled in the catalogue, making it possible to study the ornamental patterns and the various uses the rooms/spaces were put to. French text.

Hadrian's Wall and the Antonine Wall defined the edge of the Roman Empire in Britain. Today, the spectacular remains of these great frontier works stand as mute testimony to one of the greatest empires the world has ever seen. This new accessible account, illustrated with 25 detailed photographs, maps and plans, describes the building of the walls, and reconstructs what life was like on the frontier. It places these frontiers into their context both in Britain and Europe, examining the development of frontier installations over four centuries.Designed for students and teachers of Ancient History or Classical Civilisation at school and in early university years, this series provides a valuable collection of guides to the history, art, literature, values and social institutions of the ancient world.

In the Greek world the gods were intricately linked to most aspects of life so it should be no surprise that weapons and military equipment were given as offerings to them in Greek sanctuaries. Based on the author's thesis, this study examines how and why this took place, how war, ritual and religion were linked, and includes a catalogue of arms and other pieces of equipment that were dedicated at particular sanctuaries. It concludes that most of the weapons were presented as offerings, and may have been booty from defeated enemuies, and that items from the military panoply were dedications of personal equipment to the gods. Cult places of gods such as Ares, Zeus, Apollo, Artemis and Athena are discussed in turn as the author explores the role of the gods in the celebration and commemoration of victory and the symbolism of trophies. Spanish text.

This volume presents a zooarchaeological study of eleven Gallo-Roman bone assemblages retrieved over the past fifteen years from rescue excavations in Paris. The Roman occupation of Lutecia is divided into four periods (1st c. BC - 4th c AD). The limits of the antique city on the left bank of the Seine are situated within the 5th and 6th districts of todays city of Paris. Only a restricted area of the right bank is occupied. Two Necropolises are known and are located at the south and south east of these limits. Until now, no Iron-age occupation has been found under the Roman city. Eight of the studied assemblages are habitat contexts, two are located in dump areas of the city, and the last specialized in ceramic production. The finds help to improve our understanding of Gallo-Roman society while emphasizing the influence of the conquest on native peoples. Considerable progress has been made towards a more comprehensive understanding of the provisioning of urban contexts, the hierarchy of food and the status of consumers. In addition, light is shed on some aspects of butchery and meat redistribution and the post-conquest orientation of agriculture. This work increases the resolution of zooarchaeology in the analysis of antique societies and these advances will further increase the interest of classical archaeology in the collection and study of animal bones.

Eight papers from the Roman Archaeology conference held at Trier in 2001.

The British Museum's acquisition of the Warren Silver Cup in 1999 caused something of a stir when it was announced to the press as a result of its price and its challengingly explicit homoerotic scenes. It was prominently illustrated in all the major daily newspapers and the reporting varied between the crudely predictable and the much more thoughtful. It featured in quiz programmes like 'Have I got News for You' and was even the subject of cartoons. The Warren Cup is, in fact, a remarkably important masterpiece of Roman art, created in the first century AD, which has been condemned to an undeserved obscurity for too long. It's scenes reflect the mores of the time and region in which it was created and used. As such, it is a precious means for us to reach back and understand that society, but it also challenges us to look through and beyond our own contemporary social and religious environment. This book will examine the extraordinary history, both ancient and modern, that the Warren Cup has to tell. It will also attempt to set the cup in its ancient contexts - where and when it was made; where and when it was found; and by whom it was used.

21 papers on contemporary perspectives of Romanization presented at a graduate seminar and colloquium on 'Romanization and Self-Romanization' held at the Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat Jena and the Siegmundsburg-Centre of Studies. The first section deals with theoretical models and sociological concepts; the second looks at archaeological and historical studies. The geographical scope covers the entire Empire from Lusitania to Asia Minor, from Hadrian's Wall to the Sahara. In German.

L'Egitto dei Flavi, providing synthesis and new prospects of investigation, offers an overall review of the various information obtainable from papyrological and epigraphic sources from the Roman province of Egypt at the moment of transition from the Julio-Claudian dynasty to the new Flavian dynasty. Within the investigations, an attempt was made to focus on the province of Egypt during the period of Flavian domination with the aim of providing a compendium and a more balanced examination of the technical and economic organization of the country in a historical period that still would seem complex to want to define in its entirety. This operation made it necessary to start from the various documentary sources (papyrus, ostraka, epigraphs and wooden tablets) which bore testimony of the aspects that were intended to be emphasized. The texts examined were therefore carefully selected in the context of the substantial material available.

Vanessa Soupault's thesis provides a study of metal dress accessories on Roman male costume in the Black Sea area between the 3rd and 5th centuries AD. Much of the volume comprises an illustrated catalogue of fibulae, buckles, fittings, bracelets, torques and other items from sites on all sides of the Black Sea. The catalogue is preceded by a regional discussion of artefacts and trends, particularly in fibulae types, distribution, iconography and social context of these elaborate objects.

Based on the author's dissertation, this study discusses the evidence for the reconstruction of the palaeovegetation of northern Greece in the Late Glacial and Holocene periods. The three case studies discussed are the rockshelter site of Boila and the Late Neolithic sites of Dispilio and Makri, and an analysis of charcoal and palaeobotanical samples from the sites is presented. Spanish text, short English summary.

The low ridge of Phourni rises smoothly at the north-west edge of the fertile Cretan plain of Archanes, situated c. 12 km south of Knossos. Uncovered along this ridge was one of the most important burial sites of the Bronze Age Aegean. Its historical trajectory extends from the beginning of the EM II to LM III B, covering approximately 14 centuries of almost uninterrupted use: the spectacular Tholos tomb E was unearthed in 1975. This present study is divided into 3 parts. Part 1 examines the tomb's architecture, stratigraphy, and find contexts. Part 2 takes up the presentation and evaluation of the large and varied number of finds, including very early fragments of Linear A and one of the earliest securely dated seal groups of Minoan Crete. The third part is dedicated to a comprehensive analysis of mortuary data, and provides further theoretical material for funerary beliefs in Bronze Are Crete.

From 1600 BC urban civilisation in Greece began to thrive and the power of a number of warlord states began to be felt around the Aegean. This period of Greek development and prosperity is called the Late Helladic or Mycenaean period, a time when Greek society was constantly geared for battle and invasion, and cities were fortress-like with extremely thick perimeter walls. Mycenae, Tiryns, Argos, Krisa, the Athenian Acropolis and Gla are all representative of the fortified citadels that dominated the Greek countryside for over 2000 years. This title charts the histories of the fortresses inhabited by Homer's heroes, detailing their development, use in war and eventual decline.

Hippodamus was widely regarded as the inventor of modern urban planning, promoting the use of regular street layout, with intersecting axes and a more systematic and defined separation between public and private place. This study looks at the origins of cities founded in the Greek colonies of the west, the evolution of a characteristic city plan and the development of the polis . Exploring the archaeology of cities such as Naxos, Megara Hyblaea, Metapontum, Selinus and Posidonia, Varela traces the aims of the colonisers, the characteristivs of the intial settlements and the emergence of the planned city and polis . Spanish text; long English conclusion.

Not only is one of the most famous pieces of ancient Greek art-the celebrated gold and ivory statuette of the Snake Goddess-almost certainly modern, but Minoan civilization as it has been popularly imagined is largely an invention of the early twentieth century. This is Kenneth Lapatin's startling conclusion in Mysteries of the Snake Goddess-a brilliant investigation into the true origins of the celebrated Bronze Age artifact, and into the fascinating world of archaeologists, adventurers, and artisans that converged in Crete at the turn of the twentieth century. Including characters from Sir Arthur Evans, legendary excavator of the Palace of Minos at Knossos, who was driven to discover a sophisticated early European civilization to rival that of the Orient, to his principal restorer Swiss painter Emil Gillieron, who out of handfuls of fragments fashioned a picture of Minoan life that conformed to contemporary taste, this is a riveting tale of archeological discovery.

"Villa to Village" challenges the historical view that hilltop villages in Italy were first founded in the tenth century. Drawing upon recent excavations, the authors show that the makings of the medieval village lie in the demise of the Roman villa in late antiquity. The book describes the lively debate between archaeologists and historians on this issue. It also examines the evidence for the first manorial villages of the Carolingian era and describes how these were transformed into the familiar feudal villages that are characteristic of much of Italy.

In this book Stephen Dyson provides a new synthesis, describing current research on the Roman countryside within a topological rather than a geographical or historical framework. He first examines the Roman villa, looking at changing interpretations of the villa and the ways they have been shaped both by new information and evolving interpretative models, relating the survey-settlement evidence to larger questions of landscape use and landscape transformation during the Roman period. Focussing on areas where some of the most innovative rural research has been conducted - Italy, North Africa, Spain, and France - he discusses what happened in rural areas in the period of transition between the end of Antiquity and the emergence of medieval society. He shows that the period of transition was much longer than previously thought, and that there was tremendous variation not only between one part of the Empire and another, but also between micro-regions within a single province.

Danguillier's thesis discusses and catalogues depictions of philosophers in Roman art between the 2nd and 4th centuries AD. The detailed study presents a typology of iconography found in different types of portraiture, including mosaics, sculpture, sarcophagi, Greek replicas and Christian art and traces chronological trends in style.

Combining a guide for the Museum visitor with scholarly discussions of all objects on display, this catalogue provides background on the society, history, technology, and commerce of the Etruscan and Faliscan cultures from the ninth through the first centuries B.C. Several groups of material illustrate social, historical, and technological phenomena currently at the forefront of scholarly debate and study, such as the crucial period of the turnover from Iron Age hut villages to the fully urbanized princely Etruscan cities, the development and extent of ancient literacy, and the position of women and children in ancient societies. Many special objects seldom found or generally inaccessible in the United States include Faliscan tomb groups, Etruscan inscriptions, helmets, and trade goods.The catalogue presents and analyzes objects of warfare, weaving, animals, religious beliefs, architectural and terracotta roofing ornaments, Etruscan bronze-working for utensils, weapons, and artwork, and fine, generic portraiture. It discusses the symbolic meaning of such objects deposited in tombs as a chariot buried with a Faliscan lady at Narce, a senator's folding stool buried in a later tomb at Chiusi, and a pair of horse bits with the teeth of a chariot team still adhering to them where the teeth fell when sacrificed for a funeral in the fifth-century necropolis at Tarquinia--much later than the horse sacrifice was previously known in Etruria.