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Books > Humanities > Archaeology > Archaeology by period / region > European archaeology > Classical Greek & Roman archaeology
Since 1966, when James Diggle was elected to his Fellowship at Queen's College, Cambridge, his teaching and scholarly example have inspired many of his pupils to embark on their own academic careers. In this volume fourteen former pupils have contributed essays to mark his retirement. The contributions cover many of the diverse disciplines of Classics: Greek literature, Greek language, Latin literature, Textual Criticism, Greek and Roman Culture and the History of Scholarship. James Diggle has always excelled in the teaching of Greek and Latin composition and included are two offerings in Greek verse by former pupils. The volume concludes with a bibliography of the honorand's published writings.
This volume of 15 papers is a tribute to Petros Themelis for his significant contribution to Greek archaeology and especially to the excavation, study and conservation to the ancient site of Messene in the Peloponnese. An international cast of scholars has contributed essays on a wide range of subjects (Greek sculpture, epigraphy and architecture), which reflect the interests of the honorand. New, previously unpublished material from Messenia, Athens and elsewhere is here presented for the first time. The geographical and chronological range of the contributions to this book extends from the Geometric period to the Roman Empire and from Macedonia to Crete and Magna Graecia.
This volume contains ten papers reflecting current aspects of the debate in theoretical Roman archaeology. They include papers on what the pottery finds from the Nepi Survey Project can tell us about how the local landscape was used and inhabited, poliadic deities in Roman colonies in Italy, Pompeii, the practice of the recycling of architectural materials and personal adornment concerning textile remains and brooches.
The post-palatial period - Late Helladic IIIC - is often seen as the twilight years of Mycenean civilisation, a period of economic decline with few achievements in terms of architecture, materials or technology. Excavation in the Citadel House area at Mycenae afforded unique opportunities to explore stratified remains of this period and to define and describe its character. In this fascicule, Dr. Elizabeth French presents her full report on the remains of this period, which, sheltered within the massive 13th century BC walls, allow us to chart something of Mycenae's history in the final years of the Bronze Age. This fascicule also contains a unique account of LH IIIC pottery, stratum by stratum, incorporating a major study by Dr. Susan Sherratt, together with a wealth of illustration of pottery vessels. The account of the other objects of terracotta, metal, ivory, stone and bone helps us to better understand the cultural materials of the post-palatial period, while Gordon Hillman's account of the plant remains from the "Granary" is a significant addition to the palaeo-botanical record for the Mycenean period as a whole and one of very few for the LH IIIC period. This book, which includes a DVD containing all the data from previous fascicules and an interactive index, will be an essential reference tool for the study of the period.
Christopher Mee presents an extensive examination of the material culture of the Greek world from its Neolithic roots in 7000 B.C. to the close of the Hellenistic period in 146 B.C. * Features a unique thematic approach to the study of Greek archaeology * Includes extensive use of illustrations, many of which are not commonly featured * Allows for the study of a particular period of time by its chronological arrangement within each chapter
Lankhills and its late Roman cemetery have played a significant role in the understanding of the military in civilian areas of Roman Britain in the fourth century, and these new excavations double the number of graves explored and add to the variety of finds represented. New analytical techiques show that some of those buried were immigrants from other parts of Europe and perhaps even North Africa. The new excavations revealed a further 307 inhumation graves (plus six more partly excavated previously) and 25 more cremation burials. The most spectacular individual burial contained a gilded and inscribed crossbow brooch, silver gilt belt fitting and decorated spurs, a unique assemblage for Roman Britain. The report provides a full catalogue of the graves and a comprehensive study of the finds.
Number 8 in Canterbury Archaeological Trust's occasional paper series publishes further findings in Canterbury's northern suburbs, this time close to Roman pottery and tile kilns recorded during the relocation of the cattle market in the 1950s. The kilns were established in an existing agricultural landscape in the mid-1st century AD and then after the tile and pottery industry declined at the end of the second century, the area was used for burial. One of the graves on the site contained a re-used inscribed funerary plaque. In the early 8th century a new settlement developed, with the characteristic sunken-featured structures and other domestic features.
In its collection, Bibliotheca Bodmeriana possesses a papyrus, whose verso contains Books V and VI of the Iliad (published by Victor Martin, Papyrus Bodmer I. Homere, Iliade chants 5 et 6, Cologny - Geneve 1954). The document published in the present volume was written on the recto of the papyrus, which was subsequently used to make copies of Iliad . The preserved fragments of P. Bodmer 1 recto do not allow us to establish precisely the character of the document or to answer the question as to whether this character was identical in all sections. An overview of the contents clearly indicates that the document was not a land register sensu strict, although it contains some elements typical of documents of this kind.
This is the last volume reporting on the unusually rich tomb of Mereruka and his family. The pillared hall, A13, is the largest room in the chapel, containing many interesting themes, including the funerary procession, the voyage to the south, the transportation by a palanquin, the harvesting of grain and the pulling of papyrus ceremony. Mereruka's burial chamber is the most majestic and best preserved among those of private individuals of the Old Kingdom. Includes 50 folded line drawings.
To some, the Chalcolithic (4700/4500-3700/3600 BC cal.), as the first period with metallurgy, large sprawling villages, rich mortuary offerings, and cult centres, represents a developmental stage on the road to the urban Bronze Age, the "dawn of history". Others have called it 'the end of prehistory'. More recent scholarship focuses upon the diversification of the subsistence economy, elaborated craft production, and expanded networks for resource acquisition. Many of today's Chalcolithic specialists were taught by biblical archaeologists, such that the culture history paradigm remains deeply embedded. This volume grew out of a workshop held in Madrid in 2006 and aims to kick start a dialogue about how to move beyond culture history and chronology in order to re-engage with larger theoretical discourses. A vast swathe of research in the region ignores these issues and considers theory to be irrelevant. One has the impression that the political realities of the region (including a predilection for biblical archaeology) has left a large proportion of archaeologists in the region, including prehistorians, lost without a map. Contributors to this volume recognize that culture history is the platform upon which current archaeological research is discussed but differ in the degree of emphasis placed on previously defined entities or phases. Delineating levels of difference and similarity between temporal boundaries is critical in this process. The two themes of this volume - culture and chronology - combine the need for theoretical engagement with the establishment of broader, more precise empirical data using explicit classificatory schemes. This is, essentially, the rock and the hard place where much archaeological debate is wedged, and as such the volume will have resonance for scholars of other periods and regions.
onomatologos is a term used in later antiquity to describe eminent lexicographers such as Hesychius and Pollux as 'collectors of words', but here it is used as the title for a major volume of papers prepared in honour of Elaine Matthews, recently retired long-serving editor of the Lexicon of Greek Personal Names ( LGPN ): a 'collector of names'. The LGPN , conceived by Peter Fraser, has had as its primary aim the documentation on a geographical basis of the personal names attested between the earliest use of the Greek alphabet (c. 750 BC) and the early seventh century AD throughout the Hellenic and hellenized world, wherever the Greek language and script was used. The 55 contributions to this volume reflect well the breadth of LGPN itself, extending to all points of the compass far beyond the Greek heartlands bordering the Aegean sea, as well as the wide range of disciplines to which the study of personal names can be applied. Besides their honorific purpose, it is intended that the contributions will further advance this field of study, revealing some of the potential that has been unlocked by the systematic documentation of the evidence, mainly from inscriptions and papyri, that has accumulated over the last century. The papers presented here amply demonstrate the value of this raw material for linguists and philologists, students of Greek and Latin literature, epigraphists, papyrologists, numismatists and prosopographers, as well as social historians with broader interests in the geographical and chronological distribution of personal names.
This publication deals with the large Theban tomb of the Third Prophet of Amun, Amenemope who held office during the reigns of Ramesses III to V. The tomb is well known for the data it provides on the leading families of the priests of Amun in the 20th Dynasty; in addition to its genealogical data, this book presents the tomb's extensive religious and ritual scenes and inscriptions as well as its architecture.
As vizier and husband of King Teti's eldest daughter, Mereruka enjoyed a very special status and built an unusually rich mastaba. This volume deals with the architecture and art of the exterior of his mastaba and with those of rooms A1-A12 of his magnificent chapel. The variety of themes depicted in this section of the chapel include, fishing and fowling, life in the marshlands, gardening, desert hunt, metal workers and other professions, rendering accounts, poultry house, preparation of food and drink and bringing offerings, entertainment with the harp, etc. The tomb is an essential source of information for most research in the Old Kingdom. In addition to the new and complete record in line drawings and colour photographs, the present book includes studies of the architectural features and the colour conventions in the tomb as well as detailed tabulation of titles, individuals and themes represented. Includes 50 folded line drawings.
This volume was derived from the nineteenth annual Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference, which took place at the University of Michigan (3-5 April 2009) and the University of Southampton (17-18 April 2009).
Pompeii's tragedy is our windfall: an ancient city fully preserved, its urban design and domestic styles speaking across the ages. This richly illustrated book conducts us through the captured wonders of Pompeii, evoking at every turn the life of the city as it was 2,000 years ago. When Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D. its lava preserved not only the Pompeii of that time but a palimpsest of the city's history, visible traces of the different societies of Pompeii's past. Paul Zanker, a noted authority on Roman art and architecture, disentangles these tantalizing traces to show us the urban images that marked Pompeii's development from country town to Roman imperial city. Exploring Pompeii's public buildings, its streets and gathering places, we witness the impact of religious changes, the renovation of theaters and expansion of athletic facilities, and the influence of elite families on the city's appearance. Through these stages, Zanker adeptly conjures a sense of the political and social meanings in urban planning and public architecture. The private houses of Pompeii prove equally eloquent, their layout, decor, and architectural detail speaking volumes about the life, taste, and desires of their owners. At home or in public, at work or at ease, these Pompeians and their world come alive in Zanker's masterly rendering. A provocative and original reading of material culture, his work is an incomparable introduction to urban life in antiquity.
Beneath Drapers' Gardens, in what was once a damp and uninviting quarter of the Roman city of Londinium lies the buried valley of the Walbrook, home to some of the more unpleasant industries of the town, as well as some remarkable and unexpected finds, including a hoard of metal objects buried in a fourth century well. However, what really sets this site apart is both the extraordinary preservation of finds due to the particular soil conditions of the Walbrook Valley, and the sheer size of the area investigated. A near complete urban street with associated buildings spanning many years of the Roman occupation was uncovered. The land was purchased by the Drapers' Company in the mid 16th century and remained open gardens for the next 400 years, contributing to the amazing preservation on site. Secrets of the Gardens is a lavishly illustrated, full colour, popular interim account of the excavations, aimed at the general reader and published in advance of a fuller account in standard monograph format. It also includes sections on the Drapers' Company history and the story of the construction of the new building.
This exciting volume pays tribute to the work of the archaeologist Harvey Sheldon, who has been involved in the archaeology of London for over four decades. The papers, written by his friends and colleagues in the archaeological community, cover a wide range of subjects connected with the archaeology of Roman London. These are presented under four main themes and are prefaced by a short introduction explaining how they relate to the research framework document for London published in 2002. The volume begins with a section on the chronology and cartography of Roman London, including papers on antiquarian sources, estimates of population, and the city after the departure of the Romans. The second section examines the landscape and environment of Roman London and its hinterland, drawing from a variety of disciplines: subjects covered include the evidence for Roman gardens; the route of the road from London to Colchester; and a gazetteer of tree-ring dates for Roman London. The third part of the book examines themes which are more difficult to identify through the archaeological record, such as education, cults and attitudes to death and burial. In the fourth section of the volume, the rich material culture of Roman London is examined through a series of papers on artefacts, including brooches, inkwells and toilet implements. The book concludes with a review of Harvey Sheldon's work and a bibliography.
This monograph presents a report on the results of the archaeological excavations of the Czech Institute of Egyptology undertaken from 1987 until 2004 and held in the area of the Abusir minor tombs clustered around the tombs of the 5th Dynasty kings. The first chapter is devoted to the excavation and description of the mastaba of Nebtyemneferes, a rather enigmatic identity probably a princess who was buried among the tombs of the members of the royal family in the southern part of the Abusir pyramid necropolis. The tomb includes common features of Abusir tombs of the period.The second chapter deals with research into the mastaba of Prince Nakhtsare, located to the south of Raneferef's mortuary temple; it is the northernmost tomb in a row of tombs located on the southern border of the royal necropolis. The important position of this very destroyed tomb is also indicated by its rich burial equipment, as well as by the masons' marks found on the masonry of the mastaba. The third chapter is devoted to the pyramid complex of an unknown queen in a tomb known as Lepsius no. 24. Because a large number of masons' marks was present on this pyramid's walls, and, in addition, because of the bad state of preservation of this monument, we have been able to study in an unique way the methods used by the ancient architects and builders in the construction of royal monuments in the middle of the Fifth Dynasty. A further chapter is dedicated to a most exceptional complex the monument known to us now as Lepsius no. 25. This monument represents a double tomb whose name was written as double pyramid. Unfortunately, it is in a very desolated state of preservation, so much so that many details of its intriguing architecture as well as the burial equipments, etc., have been lost to us forever. The sixth chapter is devoted to the anthropological material discovered during the archaeological excavations of these monuments. The majority of this material is represented by remains coming from the Late Period cemeteries, which once covered this area. In addition to this fairly large group, there is one very significant study featuring the fragments of a female mummy which might have belonged to the owner of the pyramid complex Lepsius no. 24. A study of the stone vessels found in the monuments discussed in this monograph represents an Appendix.
Mortarium studies have enormous value in addressing a variety of themes including source, chronology, function, distribution, and as an index to trade and Romanisation. This comprehensive volume, commissioned by English Heritage, provides an over-view of mortarium studies for England, Scotland and Wales. Presented in twelve regional chapters designated by modern county boundaries, each comprises a bibliography, synthesis and recommendations for future research. Imported mortaria are covered in a separate chapter. It will provide an important resource for those working on Roman pottery both in Britain and elsewhere.
Table of Contents: GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION: Land, People, Mountains-Plateaux, Ravines, Plains, Rivers and Lakes, Coastline, Communications, Climate, Cultivation and Production, Geological Past, Flora, Fauna.CRETAN MYTHS, Gods and Heroes, Birth of Zeus, Zeus and Europa, Kingdom of Minos, Talos, Art during the Minoan Period, Pasiphae and the Minotaur, Ariadne and Theseus, Daidalos and Ikaros. HISTORICAL REVIEW. ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXCAVATIONS - HISTORY: Neolithic Period (6000-2600 B.C.), Pre-Palace Period (2600-2000 B.C.), Old Palace Period (1900-1700 B.C.), New Palace Period (1700-1450 B.C.), Post-Palace Period (1450-110 B.C.), Proto-Geometric Period (1100-900 B.C.), Geometric and Orientalizing Periods (900-650 B.C.), Archaic Period (650-500 B.C.), Classical and Hellenistic Periods (500-67 B.C.), Roman Period (67 B.C.-A.D. 330), First Byzantine Period (330-824), Arab Occupation (824-961), Second Byzantine Period (961-1204/10), Venetian Occupation (1204-1669), Turkish Occupation (1669-1898), Modern Times. TOURING HERAKLEION: History of the Town, Tour of the Town, THE MUSEUMS - Archaeological Museum, Historical Museum of Crete, Church of Saint Catherine -Collection of Byzantine Icons, EXCURSIONS: Archaeological Site of Knossos, Archaeological Site of Archanes, Archaeological Site of Phaistos, Archaeological Site of Aghia Triada, Archaeological Site of Tylissos, Sedoni Cave, Idaian Cave, Kastelli Pediados (Venetian fortress), Eileithyia Cave, Archaeological Site of Malia, Milatos Cave, Diktaian Cave. AGHIOS NIKOLAOS: History of the Town, Archaeological Museum, Connections for Spinalonga, Church of Panaghia Kera at Kritsa, Archaeological Site of Gournia, Chamezi Folk Museum. SITEIA: Archaeological Museum, Archaeological Site of Zakros, Toplou Monastery, Kapsa Monastery, Melidoni Cave. RETHYMNON: History of the Town, Archaeological Museum, Arkadi Monastery, Amari Valley, Preveli Monastery, Kourna Lake. CHANIA: History of the Town, Tour of the Town, Archaeological Museum, Gouverneto Cave, Chrysopigi Monastery, Askyphou Plateau, Samaria Ravine, Graeco-Roman town of Elyros, Kasteli (Kisamos), Chrysoskalitissa Monastery, Kastelli Selino.
In AD 42, the Emperor Claudius initiated work on the construction of a new artificial harbour a short distance to the north of the mouth of the Tiber. The harbour facilities were enlarged at the instigation of the Emperor Trajan at the beginning of the second century AD, and Portus remained the principal port for the City of Rome into the Byzantine period. The surviving archaeological remains and comments by ancient sources make it clear that Portus lay at the heart of Rome's maritime fagade. As well as being a key Mediterranean centre for passengers and for the loading, unloading, transshipment and storage of products from across the Empire, it was also designed to make an ideological statement about the supremacy of Rome in the world. Portus is, thus, of key importance to understanding Rome and her relationship to the Empire. The project that forms the subject of this book was designed to use non-destructive techniques of topographic and geophysical survey in combination with systematic surface collection to provide a new understanding of the plan of Portus. The work was undertaken between 1997 and 2002 as a collaboration between the Soprintendenza per i Beni Archeologici di Ostia, the British School at Rome, and the Universities of Southampton, Durham and Cambridge. This volume presents the full results of the survey and uses them as the basis for a re-evaluation of the whole port complex. The geophysical survey results are interpreted in the context of earlier work at the site in order to offer new perspectives on the character and development of the site.
Antioch in Syria critically reassesses this ancient city from its Seleucid foundation into Late Antiquity. Although Antioch's prominence is famous, Kristina M. Neumann newly exposes the gradations of imperial power and local agency mediated within its walls through a comprehensive study of the coins minted there and excavated throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East. Patterns revealed through digital mapping and Exploratory Data Analysis serve as a significant index of spatial politics and the policies of the different authorities making use of the city. Evaluating the coins against other historical material reveals that Antioch's status was not fixed, nor the people passive pawns for external powers. Instead, as imperial governments capitalised upon Antioch's location and amenities, the citizens developed in their own distinct identities and agency. Antioch of the Antiochians must therefore be elevated from traditional narratives and static characterisations, being studied and celebrated for the dynamic polis it was.
A comprehensive and richly illustrated history of one of the most important athletic, religious, and political sites in the ancient Greek and Roman world The memory of ancient Olympia lives on in the form of the modern Olympic Games. But in the ancient era, Olympia was renowned for far more than its athletic contests. In Olympia, Judith Barringer provides a comprehensive and richly illustrated history of one of the most important sites in the ancient Greek and Roman world, where athletic competitions took place alongside-and were closely connected with-crucial religious and political activities. Barringer describes the development of the Altis, the most sacred area of Olympia, where monuments to athletes successful in the games joined those erected to the gods and battlefield victories. Rival city-states and rulers built monuments to establish eminence, tout alliances, and join this illustrious company in a rich intergenerational dialogue. The political importance of Olympia was matched by its place as the largest sanctuary dedicated to Zeus, king of the gods. Befitting Zeus's role as god of warfare, the Olympian oracle was consulted to ensure good omens for war, and the athletic games embodied the fierce competition of battle. Other gods and heroes were worshipped at Olympia too, Hera, Artemis, and Herakles among them. Drawing on a comprehensive knowledge of the archaeological record, Barringer describes the full span of Olympia's history, from the first monumental building around 600 BC to the site's gradual eclipse in the late Christianized Roman empire. Extensively illustrated with maps and diagrams, Olympia brings the development of Olympia vividly to life for modern readers.
Excavations at Beddington have uncovered a long occupation sequence which includes Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age fields, a Late Iron Age enclosed settlement and early Roman finds. A villa was established at the site in the late 2nd century AD and included a house, bathhouse and five other buildings, two of which were barns, although there was no direct evidence of crop or livestock production. In the late 3rd century AD wings were added to the house, the bathhouse was modified and the barns were replaced by a large aisled structure. Unlike many other villa sites there is no evidence for continued occupation in the post-Roman to early Saxon period.
The fourteenth Theoretical Roman Archaeology Conference was held at the University of Durham Department of Archaeology, March 2004. The papers present and discuss information drawn from as wide a range of geographical regions of the Roman Empire as the scope of theoretical and methodological approaches applied. An equally wide selection of subject matter is illustrated, including the ancient economy, historiography and modern perceptions of the Roman world, production, supply and consumption of material culture, social identities and the experience of social space and the landscape. Contents: Preface; The economy of Roman Britain: Representation and historiography (Kevin Greene) ; Reconstructing syntheses in Romano-British cremation (Jake Weekes) ; Metalworking and Late Roman power: A Study of towns in Later Roman Britain (Adam Rogers) ; Not at random: Evidence for a regionalized coin supply? (Fleur Kemmers) ; Regional identities and the social use of ceramics (Martin Pitts) ; Social and economic aspects of glass recycling (Daniel Keller) ; Interaction and exchange in food production in the Nijmegen frontier area during the Early Roman period (Annemiek Robeerst) ; Brickworks and ladders: Explaining intra-regional diversity of late prehistoric and Roman landscapes in the territory of the Parisi (Mick A Atha) ; Beyond the temple: Blurring the boundaries of 'sacred space' (Eleanor Ghey) ; The cupae of Iberia in their monumental contexts: A study of the relationship between social status and commemoration with barrel-shaped and semi-cylindrical tombstones (Charlotte Tupman) ; The quick and the dead in the extra-urban landscape: The Roman cemetery at Ostia/ Portus as a lived environment (E J Graham) ; Houses, GIS and the micro-topology of Pompeian domestic space (Michael A Anderson) ; Unifying aspects of Roman fortresses (Mark Driessen) . |
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