Cluster or co-cluster analyses are important tools in a variety of scientific areas. The introduction of this book presents a state of the art of already well-established, as well as more recent methods of co-clustering. The authors mainly deal with the two-mode partitioning under different approaches, but pay particular attention to a probabilistic approach. Chapter 1 concerns clustering in general and the model-based clustering in particular. The authors briefly review the classical clustering methods and focus on the mixture model. They present and discuss the use of different mixtures adapted to different types of data. The algorithms used are described and related works with different classical methods are presented and commented upon. This chapter is useful in tackling the problem of co-clustering under the mixture approach. Chapter 2 is devoted to the latent block model proposed in the mixture approach context. The authors discuss this model in detail and present its interest regarding co-clustering. Various algorithms are presented in a general context. Chapter 3 focuses on binary and categorical data. It presents, in detail, the appropriated latent block mixture models. Variants of these models and algorithms are presented and illustrated using examples. Chapter 4 focuses on contingency data. Mutual information, phi-squared and model-based co-clustering are studied. Models, algorithms and connections among different approaches are described and illustrated. Chapter 5 presents the case of continuous data. In the same way, the different approaches used in the previous chapters are extended to this situation. Contents 1. Cluster Analysis. 2. Model-Based Co-Clustering. 3. Co-Clustering of Binary and Categorical Data. 4. Co-Clustering of Contingency Tables. 5. Co-Clustering of Continuous Data. About the Authors Gerard Govaert is Professor at the University of Technology of Compiegne, France. He is also a member of the CNRS Laboratory Heudiasyc (Heuristic and diagnostic of complex systems). His research interests include latent structure modeling, model selection, model-based cluster analysis, block clustering and statistical pattern recognition. He is one of the authors of the MIXMOD (MIXtureMODelling) software. Mohamed Nadif is Professor at the University of Paris-Descartes, France, where he is a member of LIPADE (Paris Descartes computer science laboratory) in the Mathematics and Computer Science department. His research interests include machine learning, data mining, model-based cluster analysis, co-clustering, factorization and data analysis. Cluster Analysis is an important tool in a variety of scientific areas. Chapter 1 briefly presents a state of the art of already well-established as well more recent methods. The hierarchical, partitioning and fuzzy approaches will be discussed amongst others. The authors review the difficulty of these classical methods in tackling the high dimensionality, sparsity and scalability. Chapter 2 discusses the interests of coclustering, presenting different approaches and defining a co-cluster. The authors focus on co-clustering as a simultaneous clustering and discuss the cases of binary, continuous and co-occurrence data. The criteria and algorithms are described and illustrated on simulated and real data. Chapter 3 considers co-clustering as a model-based co-clustering. A latent block model is defined for different kinds of data. The estimation of parameters and co-clustering is tackled under two approaches: maximum likelihood and classification maximum likelihood. Hard and soft algorithms are described and applied on simulated and real data. Chapter 4 considers co-clustering as a matrix approximation. The trifactorization approach is considered and algorithms based on update rules are described. Links with numerical and probabilistic approaches are established. A combination of algorithms are proposed and evaluated on simulated and real data. Chapter 5 considers a co-clustering or bi-clustering as the search for coherent co-clusters in biological terms or the extraction of co-clusters under conditions. Classical algorithms will be described and evaluated on simulated and real data. Different indices to evaluate the quality of coclusters are noted and used in numerical experiments.

This book gives a review of the principles, methods and techniques of important and emerging research topics and technologies in Channel Coding, including theory, algorithms, and applications. Edited by leading people in the field who, through their reputation, have been able to commission experts to write on a particular topic. With this reference source you will: Quickly grasp a new area of research Understand the underlying principles of a topic and its applications Ascertain how a topic relates to other areas and learn of the research issues yet to be resolved

Wireless Public Safety Networks, Volume Two: A Systematic Approach presents the latest advances in the wireless Public Safety Networks (PSNs) field, the networks established by authorities to either prepare the population for an eminent catastrophe, or those used for support during crisis and normalization phases. Maintaining communication capabilities in a disaster scenario is crucial for avoiding loss of lives and damages to property. This book examines past communication failures that have directly contributed to the loss of lives, giving readers in-depth discussions of the public networks that impact emergency management, covering social media, crowdsourcing techniques, wearable wireless sensors, moving-cells scenarios, mobility management protocols, 5G networks, broadband networks, data dissemination, and the resources of the frequency spectrum.

Satellite Soil Moisture Retrieval: Techniques and Applications offers readers a better understanding of the scientific underpinnings, development, and application of soil moisture retrieval techniques and their applications for environmental modeling and management, bringing together a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of soil moisture retrieval techniques from optical and infrared datasets, such as the universal triangle method, vegetation indices based approaches, empirical models, and microwave techniques, particularly by utilizing earth observation datasets such as IRS III, MODIS, Landsat7, Landsat8, SMOS, AMSR-e, AMSR2 and the upcoming SMAP. Through its coverage of a wide variety of soil moisture retrieval applications, including drought, flood, irrigation scheduling, weather forecasting, climate change, precipitation forecasting, and several others, this is the first book to promote synergistic and multidisciplinary activities among scientists and users working in the hydrometeorological sciences.

RFID and Wireless Sensors using Ultra-Wideband Technology explores how RFID-based technologies are becoming the first choice to realize the last (wireless) link in the chain between each element and the Internet due to their low cost and simplicity. Each day, more and more elements are being connected to the Internet of Things. In this book, ultra-wideband radio technology (in time domain) is exploited to realize this wireless link. Chipless, semi-passive and active RFID systems and wireless sensors and prototypes are proposed in terms of reader (setup and signal processing techniques) and tags (design, integration of sensors and performance). The authors include comprehensive theories, proposals of advanced techniques, and their implementation to help readers develop time-domain ultra-wideband radio technology for a variety of applications. This book is suitable for post-doctoral candidates, experienced researchers, and engineers developing RFID, tag antenna designs, chipless RFID, and sensor integration.

Meeting People via WiFi and Bluetooth will contain an overview of how to track people using Wireless 802.11 Radio Frequencies (Wi-Fi) and Bluetooth 802.15 Radio Frequencies. The content contained here came from research and materials originally presented at Defcon Wireless CTF Village in August 2015 entitled "Meeting People Via Wi-Fi". The book will go over the hardware and software needed in order to do this tracking, how to use these particular tools in order to do attribution, and tips for protecting yourself from being attributed via those signals.

Body centric wireless networking and communications is an emerging 4G technology for short (1-5 m) and very short (below 1 m) range communications systems, used to connect devices worn on (or in) the body, or between two people in close proximity. It has great potential for applications in healthcare delivery, entertainment, surveillance, and emergency services. This book brings together contributions from a multidisciplinary team of researchers in the field of wireless and mobile communications, signal processing and medical measurements to present the underlying theory, implementation challenges and applications of this exciting new technology. Topics covered include: diversity and cooperative communications in body area networks; ultra wideband radio channel characterisation for body-centric wireless communication; sparse characterisation of body-centric radio channels; antenna / human body interactions in the 60 GHz band; antennas for ingestible capsule telemetry; in vivo wireless channel modelling; diversity and MIMO for efficient front-end design of body-centric wireless communications devices; on-body antennas and radio channels for GPS applications; textile substrate integrated waveguide technology for the next-generation wearable microwave systems; ultra wideband body-centric networks for localisation and motion capture application; down scaling to the nano-scale in body-centric nano-networks; and the road ahead for body-centric wireless communication and networks.

The communication field is evolving rapidly in order to keep up with society's demands. As such, it becomes imperative to research and report recent advancements in computational intelligence as it applies to communication networks. The Handbook of Research on Recent Developments in Intelligent Communication Application is a pivotal reference source for the latest developments on emerging data communication applications. Featuring extensive coverage across a range of relevant perspectives and topics, such as satellite communication, cognitive radio networks, and wireless sensor networks, this book is ideally designed for engineers, professionals, practitioners, upper-level students, and academics seeking current information on emerging communication networking trends.

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are a popular form of network for data transfer due to the fact that they are dynamic, require no fixed infrastructure, and are scalable. However, MANETs are particularly susceptible to several different types of widely perpetrated cyberattack. One of the most common hacks aimed at MANETs is the Black Hole attack, in which a particular node within the network displays itself as having the shortest path for the node whose packets it wants to intercept. Once the packets are drawn to the Black Hole, they are then dropped instead of relayed, and the communication of the MANET is thereby disrupted, without knowledge of the other nodes in the network. Due to the sophistication of the Black Hole attack, there has been a lot of research conducted on how to detect it and prevent it. The authors of this short format title provide their research results on providing an effective solution to Black Hole attacks, including introduction of new MANET routing protocols that can be implemented in order to improve detection accuracy and network parameters such as total dropped packets, end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and routing request overhead.

The implementation of wireless sensor networks has wide-ranging applications for monitoring various physical and environmental settings. However, certain limitations with these technologies must be addressed in order to effectively utilize them. The Handbook of Research on Advanced Wireless Sensor Network Applications, Protocols, and Architectures is a pivotal reference source for the latest research on recent innovations and developments in the field of wireless sensors. Examining the advantages and challenges presented by the application of these networks in various areas, this book is ideally designed for academics, researchers, students, and IT developers.

Wireless Public Safety Networks, Volume One: Overview and Challenges presents the latest advances in the wireless Public Safety Networks (PSNs) field, the networks established by authorities to either prepare the population for an eminent catastrophe, or as support during crisis and normalization phases. Maintaining communication capabilities in a disaster scenario is crucial for avoiding loss of lives and damages to property. Wireless Public Safety Networks examines past communication failures that have directly contributed to the loss of lives. This book will give readers a broad view of the PSNs field, analyzing the benefits PSNs may bring to society, the main challenges related to the establishment and maintenance of these networks, the latest advancements in the field, and future perspectives.

This book is the first to cover the recently developed MPEG-V standard, explaining the fundamentals of each part of the technology and exploring potential applications. Written by an expert in the field, who was instrumental in the development of the standard, the book goes beyond the scope of the official standard documentation, describing how to use the technology in a practical context and how to combine it with other information such as audio, video, images, and text. Each chapter follows an easy-to-understand format, first examining how each part of the standard is composed, then discussing some intended uses and applications for each particular effect.
With this book, you will learn how to:
-Use the MPEG-V standard to develop applications
-Develop systems for various use cases using MPEG-V
-Synchronize the virtual world and real world
-Create and render sensory effects for media
-Understand and use MPEG-V for the research of new types of media related technology and services.
The first book on the new MPEG-V standard, which enables interoperability between virtual worlds and the real world
Provides the technical foundations for understanding and using MPEG-V for various virtual world, mirrored world, and mixed world use cases
Accompanying website features schema files for the standard, with example XML files, source code from the reference software and example applications."

Radar is a key technology in the safety system of a modern vehicle. Automotive radars are the critical sensors in advanced driver-assistance systems, which are used in adaptive cruise control, collision avoidance, blind spot detection, lane change assistance, and parking assistance. The book covers all the modern radars used in automotive technology. A long-range radar mounted in the front of the vehicle is usually for adaptive cruise control. The medium range radars mounted in the front and rear provide wider coverage than the long-range radars and they can be used for cross traffic alert and lane change assistance. The corner mounted short range radars support parking aid, obstacle/pedestrian detection and blind spot monitoring. In real applications, these radars usually work together to provide more robust detection results. In this book, we also recognize that the future of automotive radars should not only address conventional exterior applications, but also play important roles for interior applications, such as gesture sensing for human-vehicle interaction and driver/passenger vital signs and presence monitoring. The book is aimed at those radar engineers who are working on automotive applications.

In the ever-evolving telecommunication industry, smart mobile computing devices have become increasingly affordable and powerful, leading to significant growth in the number of advanced mobile users and their bandwidth demands. Due to this increasing need, the next generation of wireless networks needs to enable solutions to bring together broadband, broadcast, and cellular technologies for global consumers. Paving the Way for 5G Through the Convergence of Wireless Systems provides innovative insights into wireless networks and cellular coexisting solutions that aim at paving the way towards 5G. Through examining data offloading, cellular technologies, and multi-edge computing, it addresses coexistence problems at different levels (i.e., physical characteristics, open access, technology-neutrality, economic characteristics, healthcare, education, energy, etc.), influencing networks to provide solutions for next generation wireless networks. Bridging research and practical solutions, this comprehensive reference source is ideally designed for graduate-level students, IT professionals and technicians, engineers, academicians, and researchers.

Several evolutionary algorithms (EAs) have emerged in recent decades that mimic the behaviour and evolution of biological entities. EAs are widely used to solve single and multi-objective optimization engineering problems. EAs have also been applied to a variety of microwave components, antenna design, radar design, and wireless communications problems. These techniques, among others, include genetic algorithms (GAs), evolution strategies (ES), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and ant colony optimization (ACO). In addition, new innovative algorithms that are not only biology-based but also physics-based or music-based are also emerging, as are hybrid combinations of EAs. The use of evolutionary algorithms is having an increasing impact on antenna design and wireless communications problems. EAs combined with numerical methods in electromagnetics have obtained significant and successful results. This book aims to present some of the emerging EAs and their variants. Chapter 1 introduces the optimization methods in general and the evolutionary algorithms. Chapter 2 presents briefly some of the most popular evolutionary algorithms, such as particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), and ant colony optimization (ACO) as well as some emerging ones. Chapter 3 focuses on antenna array synthesis, which constitutes a wide range of antenna design problems. Chapter 4 gives an overview of patch antenna design using evolutionary algorithms. Chapter 5 presents design cases from different microwave structure cases. Chapter 6 discusses on various representative design problems in wireless communications. Chapter 7 deals with design cases for 5G and beyond.