This book critically analyses fundamental principles of EU law for the control of international economic crime. Discussing how the reporting system and the exchange of information are at the heart of the global anti-money laundering regime, the study also looks at the inferential force of financial intelligence in criminal proceedings and the responsibilities this places on prosecutors and criminals alike. The author closely examines the application of Article 8(2) of the European Court of Human Rights for the retention and movement of the fingerprints, cellular samples and DNA profiles of unconvicted persons, and argues the incompatibility with the ECHR, along with the effect of socially stigmatising unconvicted persons. The work concludes with exploring how financial regulation has, inter alia, shifted responsibility to businesses and financial institutions to become more transparent and accountable to financial regulators and tax authorities. This critical analysis is essential reading for law students and the Judicial Body, as well as financial crime investigators and regulators.

This new title provides a full analysis of the legislative and regulatory background of community interest companies and is a guide to all six CIC precedents: 1. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a small membership 2. CIC model constitution: company limited by guarantee with a large membership 3. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a small membership 4. CIC model constitution: private schedule 2 company limited by shares with a large membership 5. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a small membership 6. CIC model constitution: private schedule 3 company limited by shares with a large membership The precedents are fully annotated to provide guidance on each article, together with bespoke clauses that may be included for specific events.It also uses case examples to demonstrate: how to create or convert to a CIC the reporting requirements with Companies House and the CIC regulator Armed with this text any solicitor, barrister or accountant will have the tools to confidently advise clients on the legislative and regulatory background of CICs. This text would also suit community bodies or individuals who wish to set up a social enterprise using the CIC structure, in particular, sports clubs or voluntary groups.

There are many deep-seated reasons for the current financial turmoil but a key factor has undoubtedly been the serious failings within the corporate governance practices of financial institutions. There have been shortcomings in the risk management and incentive structures; the boards' supervision was at times weak; disclosure and accounting standards were in some cases inadequate; the institutional investors' engagement with management was at times insufficient and, last but not least, the remuneration policies of many large institutions appeared inappropriate. This book will provide a critical overview and analysis of key corporate governance weaknesses, focusing primarily on three main areas: directors' failure to understand complex company transactions; the poor remuneration practices of financial institutions; and, finally, the failure of institutional investors to sufficiently engage with management. The book, while largely focused on the UK, will also consider EU and Australian developments as well as offering a comparative angle looking at the corporate governance of financial institutions in the US.

The study of Law forms a component of many undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Its inclusion does not aim to equip business practitioners with skill and expertise to render professional legal advice unnecessary, but more to provide a legal framework of reference in which both strategic and more immediate business issues can be placed. Equipping managers with a basic understanding of how law impacts upon business activity can help them avoid legal pitfalls in the first place or at least identify potential problems at an early stage, to avoid inconvenience and cost. International business can present problems that are not present in a purely domestic transaction. Any law component in a management program should embrace it and by doing so the business practitioner can be familiarized with the wider picture in which modern business, aided by technological development, is increasingly practiced.

The second edition of Critical Company Law provides a framework in which to understand how the company functions in society and a thorough grounding in modern legal doctrine. It shows how modern company law is shaped by a multi-layered history of politics, ideology, economics and power. Through the lens of political economic theory the book shows how the company becomes the mechanism through which the state makes political choices about distributing societies' wealth and through which it responds to economic crises. The current law reflects an economy marked by a disjuncture between the low profits of the productive economy and the high profits of the finance economy. Critical Company Law examines areas of company law to show how they reflect a fragile economy inexorably drawn to social and economic inequality and short-termism. These include: * The Doctrine of Separate Corporate Personality * Groups of Companies and Tort Liabilities * Company Formation and the Constitution * Directors' Duties and Authority * Corporate Capacity * Shares and Shareholders * Raising and Maintaining Capital * Minority Protection In this uniquely hybrid book the legal topics are treated with detail and clarity, providing an engaging introduction to the key topics required for a student of company law.

Institutional shareholder participation has long been considered as vital to good corporate governance yet its potential does not seem to have been realized. The recent banking crisis exposed the passivity of some institutional shareholders, many of whom appear to have chosen to sell their stakes in the banks rather than intervene or challenge the board when they realized the strategies followed by the banks were excessively risky. Institutional shareholders' role to scrutinize and monitor the decisions of boards and executive management in the banking sector in the UK is considered by many to be a failure, resulting in the phenomenon of 'ownerless corporations', as described by Lord Myners. In China, despite the fast rising of institutional investment in the securities market, institutional shareholders have not yet played a contributory role in monitoring corporate managers in listed companies. Drawing on empirical evidence this book seeks to systematically analyses institutional shareholders' incentives to activism to explain when and why shareholder activism will occur. The book puts forward a model which explains the factors that determine institutional shareholders' propensity for activism. The model both elaborates the collective benefits of activism as a means of achieving managerial accountability asks whether and when shareholder activism is rational for any individual shareholder. The book then goes to on to apply these finding to both the UK and China in order to explain the varying levels of shareholder activism in each jurisdiction. The book is the first to take an in-depth look at institutional share-holder activism in China providing prescriptions to promote greater shareholder engagement and exploring the potential it holds for improving corporate governance in the region.

Transnational business activities are important drivers of growth for developing and the least developed countries. However, they can also negatively impact the enjoyment of human rights. In some cases, multinational enterprises (MNEs) have even been accused of grave human rights abuses in the territory of the states where their subsidiaries operate. Since the parent companies of many MNEs are incorporated under the law of European states, those countries' domestic law and the European legal framework play a crucial role in establishing how their activities should be conducted - also throughout their supply chains - and which remedies will be available when corporate human rights violations occur. In recent years, the European Union, the Council of Europe and their Member States have been adopting policies and legislation to ensure respect for human rights by businesses and have developed a body of related case law. These legal instruments can be considered the European responses to the challenges posed at international-law level, and they constitute the focus of research of this book. Through its collected chapters - written by scholars and practitioners under the direction of the editor, Angelica Bonfanti - the book identifies the European solutions to the business and human rights international legal issues, provides an overall assessment of their effectiveness, and examines their potential evolution.

Structured to reflect the process in practice this book focuses on the key commercial, tax and legal issues that arise from business sales. By addressing fundamental issues from the perspective of both the seller and the purchaser it is a perfect handbook for all those involved in such acquisitions. From due diligence through to completion of the share purchase or business transfer agreement it contains clear, expert advice. The 11th edition has been updated to include: - Impact of Brexit in 2020 including on merger law and notifications - "UKGDPR" and Data Protection Act 2018 and latest guidance from the Information Commissioner Guidance including the Data Sharing code of practice - Recent tax changes including reduction in entrepreneurs' relief from capital gains tax from GBP10m to GBP1m Case law such as: - Stobart Group Limited and Anor v. William Stobart and Anor [2019] EWCA (Civ) 1376 (CA) (notices of claims under share purchase agreements) - 116 Cardamon Ltd v MacAlister & Anor [2019] EWHC 1200 (Comm) (damages for breach of warranty under share purchase agreement) - Triumph Controls UK Limited v Primus International Holding Company [2019] EWHC 565 (TCC) (breach of warranty) - Tesco UK Limited v. Aircom Jersey 4 Limited and Aircom Global Operations Limited [2018] EWCA Civ 23 (tax warranty claim) It also includes checklists, draft enquiries, letters of disclosure and a specimen completion agenda, together with an accompanying electronic download containing all the precedents in the work.

Worldwide, anti-money laundering regulations and legislation have become one of the weapons of choice of governments that are fighting global terrorism and criminality. In this updated edition of Money Laundering, Doug Hopton explains how The Money Laundering Regulations 2007 have extended even further the range of UK businesses covered by the Proceeds of Crime Act to include solicitors, lawyers, accountants, estate agents, high value dealers, trust or company service providers and, in effect, many other companies involved in consultancy or business services. The complexity of the new laws and the limited amount of any case law asks more questions about the responsibilities of these companies and their liabilities. Doug Hopton's highly practical guide explains the basis of international law, regulations and standards in this area and how they affect businesses; and provides down-to-earth advice on the basic rules of good business management: customer due diligence, know your business (and your client's business), which will help companies understand what procedures to establish, and how and when to report suspicious activity. The author explains the basis of money laundering and how it works, along with the development of the law and regulations around the world, and how other countries' laws can affect UK companies.

The book examines corporate takeovers

This book demonstrates the need to coordinate private and corporate actors with national and global sustainable climate policies, with conventions in the spheres of green energy laws, as well as from the spheres of commercial, trade, and other private law. While many states have joined together in the Paris Agreements in support of green energy policies, it remains a stark reality that most of the efforts to reduce greenhouse emissions remain with private actors who operate the various industries, vehicles, and vessels that emit the gases in target. The risks of anthropogenic climate change cannot be solved by environmental law alone and will need complementary support from commercial, corporate, and private law. However, aspects of commercial law, securities law, and trade law can be shown to frustrate certain aspects of green energy policies, resulting in damaging "green paradoxes". It raises issues associated with corporate social responsibility and green paradoxes, with international trade laws, and with liability risks for misrepresenting the state of feasible green energy technologies. The book will be of interest to students and scholars in the fields of energy law, environmental law, and corporate law.

Advances in Mergers and Acquisitions stands out from the competition due to its focus on three key characteristics: studies from scholars in different countries, with different research questions, relying on different theoretical perspectives. Such a broad and inclusive approach to mergers and acquisitions is not easily replicated in academic journals, with much narrower mandates and metrics. The chapters published in this volume provide cutting edge ideas by leading scholars, and help to inform mergers and acquisitions research around the world.

This book critically explores how increased regulation and governance of corporations can be used to help improve the rights of workers amidst an era of union decline. The book posits that soft law techniques such as codes of conduct are more effective in protecting workers than "hard law" i.e. domestic regulation. It starts by analysing the transnational regulation of corporations and codes of conduct, and then puts forward a model code of conduct that can be used by corporations to help increase the protection of workers. Through this model's use of a monitoring scheme, shareholders, activists, and NGOs put pressure on the corporation to reform itself and enact a code which has obligations flowing both ways between the corporation and its employees. The book then looks at the expansions of fiduciary duties and changes to corporate governance, including Benefit Corporations and how they can be used to increase the rights of workers. It then discusses changes to standard union contracts before concluding with an assessment of the best way forward for workers' rights. By providing a new contribution to the current dialogue on corporate social responsibility and codes of conduct, this book will be a valuable resource for academics working on labour, employment, and business law as well as corporate lawyers.

Progressive Corporate Governance for the 21st Century is a wide ranging and ambitious study of why corporate governance is the shape that it is, and how it can be better. The book sets out the emergence of shareholder primacy orientated corporate governance using a study of historical developments in the United Kingdom and the United States. Talbot sees shareholder primacy as a political choice made by governments, not a 'natural' feature of the inevitable market. She describes the periods of progressive corporate governance which governments promoted in the middle of the 20th century using a close examination of the theories of the company which then prevailed. She critically examines the rise of neoliberal theories on the company and corporate governance and argues that they have had a negative and regressive impact on social and economic development. In examining contemporary corporate governance she shows how regulatory styles as informed and described by prevailing regulatory theories, enables neoliberal outcomes. She illustrates how United Kingdom-derived corporate governance codes have informed the corporate governance initiatives of European and global institutions. From this she argues that neoliberalism has re-entered ex command transition economies through those United Kingdom and OECD inspired corporate governance Codes over a decade after the earlier failed and destructive neoliberal prescriptions for transition had been rejected. Throughout, Talbot argues that shareholder primacy has socially regressive outcomes and firmly takes a stand against current initiatives to enhance shareholder voting in such issues as director remuneration. The book concludes with a series of proposals to recalibrate the power between those involved in company activity; shareholders, directors and employees so that the public company can begin to work for the public and not shareholders.

Published in 1998, this book seeks to analyse in a comparative framework laws relating to product safety. These include standard setting, general safety obligations, (enforcement agencies), recall of products, export control, product accident monitoring and information exchange systems. The countries studied will include UK, USA, Canada, France, Germany, Sweden, Australia, New Zealand, as well as EC law in the light of the recent EC product safety directives.

Dr Mohammad Nurunnabi examines the factors that affect the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in developing countries and answers these specific research questions: - What is the relative impact of accounting regulatory frameworks and politico-institutional factors on the implementation of IFRS in developing countries? - How do cultural factors affect said implementation? - How does a study of implementing IFRS help to build an understanding of a theory of the role of the state in accounting change in developing countries? This follows a mixed methodology approach, in which interviews are conducted, IFRS-related enforcement documents and annual reports are evaluated. More than 138 countries have adopted IFRS, yet the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) does not provide an implementation index. Financial reporting varies by country, even within the area of the world that has apparently adopted IFRS and Nurunnabi offers an important viewpoint that considers the issues of IFRS implementation from various perspectives. This is an invaluable resource for Undergraduate, Masters and PhD students, policy makers (at local, regional and international level) namely the IASB, World Bank, IMF, practitioners and users, giving them the necessary insight into the financial reporting environment and the state's attitude towards accounting transparency. Most importantly, this book contributes to military and democratic political regimes and the Max Weberian view of the theory of the role of the state's attitude towards accounting transparency.

An inherently interdisciplinary subject, tax avoidance has attracted growing interest of scholars in many fields. No longer limited to law and accounting, research increasingly has been conducted from other perspectives, such as anthropology, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and economic psychology. This was -recently stimulated by politicians, mass media, and the public focussing on tax avoidance after the global financial and economic crisis put a squeeze on private and public finances. New challenges were posed by changing definitions and controversies in the interpretation of tax avoidance concept, as well as a host of new rules and policies that need to be fully understood. This collection provides a comprehensive guide to students and academics on the subjects of tax avoidance from an interdisciplinary perspective, exploring the areas of accounting, law, economics, psychology, and sociology. It covers global as well as regional issues, presents a discussion of the definition, legality, morality, and psychology of tax avoidance, and provides guidance on measurement of economic effect of tax avoidance activities. With a truly international selection of authors from the UK, North America, Africa, Asia, Australasia, Middle East, and continental Europe, with well-known experts and rising stars of the field, the contributors cover the entire terrain of this important topic. The Routledge Companion to Tax Avoidance Research is a ground-breaking attempt to bring together scholarly research in tax avoidance, offering rigorous academic analysis of an important and hotly debated issue in a structured and balanced way.

As the world begins to recover from the global pandemic, companies and individuals are faced with increasing risks and uncertainty. There are stock market fluctuations, heightened international tensions, and the full effects of Brexit which are yet to be felt, as well as India and China emerging as economic superpowers challenging for the first time the supremacy of the United States and EU. Coupled with this is the now daily occurrence of cyber attacks, enhanced scrutiny of cultural perspectives within the business world following the #MeToo and Black Lives Matter movements, and ever-present threat of climate change, this issue now front and centre in boardrooms. Amid all this directors are subject to more legal scrutiny than ever. In the six years since the last edition was published, companies' laws and financial regulations have been updated, and there is more diligent and better resourced enforcement of bribery and corruption laws. Shareholders around the world enjoy more extensive rights to hold directors to account than ever before, and directors are less likely to be forgiven for ignoring their responsibilities. They are looking ever more closely at the protection available to them, through both indemnification and directors' and officers' (D&O) insurance, the latter having recently been through the "hardest" market for decades, with reductions in the amount of cover available and significantly increased premiums, partly as a result of the increase in volume and severity of directors' claims. Nonetheless, the exposures that directors face and the extent to which indemnification and insurance may provide protection around the world are still very nuanced; there can be no "one size fits all" approach. The fourth edition of this title features fully updated contributions from leading legal experts around the world on what directors need to be concerned about in 2022 and beyond, together with the protections available. Each chapter follows a set structure (updated for this edition) which includes commentary on the risks of civil, criminal and regulatory claims against directors, and addresses the availability of indemnification and D&O insurance. New features of this edition include greater scrutiny of criminal vs regulatory liability, forecasting of particular trends, and the insurability of fines and penalties in the jurisdictions covered. The fourth edition also includes new chapters on Jersey and Guernsey (Offshore), Sweden (Nordics) and Saudi Arabia. This title will be an essential reference guide for directors, officers, in-house counsel and private practice lawyers advising them. It will provide a starting point for their assessment of today's legal exposures and assist with the management of their business risks.

This title was first published in 2000: European Intellectual Property is a survey and discussion of the impact of the economic principles of the European Community, upon the legal regime for the protection of intellectual property rights within the Community and the laws of its Member States. Beginning with a discussion of the issues arising from the treaty itself and the efforts of both the European Court of Justice and the European Commission through the liberalization of licensing procedures to meet these specific issues, the survey goes on to consider the attempts to achieve harmonization of national laws in the fields of trade marks, patents, industrial design and the wider efforts to create Community wide intellectual property rights.

This book explores the interrelationship between global economic interests and local ecological interests, and its implications in law. * Seeks to examine the capacity of global forces to subjugate local interests in responding to territorially confined threats* Evaluates the extent to which solutions to global environmental problems may depend on local action* Analyses the impact of globalization on legal structures and their ability to accommodate local concerns* Considers whether globalization, and the elimination of national borders, actually offers an opportunity to re-assert the power of local and regional governance

Understanding Company Law is a lively introduction to the key principles of the Companies Act 2006 and modern company law. It takes a unique approach to the subject, which also encompasses the important and growing fields of securities regulation, corporate governance and corporate social responsibility. This book covers all of the key topics that a student reader will encounter in any company law course. The discussion presents the key principles simply, before guiding the reader through the more complex issues that are often the focus of examinations in this subject. It also offers pathways into further reading, while injecting enjoyment back into the topic. In Understanding Company Law, Professor Hudson provides a straightforward guide to the law, while providing context, detailed analyses of the leading cases, and no little humour. The second edition covers key recent changes and developments in company law, both case law and statutory, including: two recent Supreme Court decisions on piercing the corporate veil, VTB Capital plc v Nutritek International Corp and others and Prest v Petrodel Resources Limited & Others, and an analysis of the Conservative government's Green Paper on Corporate Governance. Online support Visit the author's website at www.alastairhudson.com to find podcasts of specially recorded lectures covering the basic principles and an audiobook version of this text.

Many governments across the world have responded to the need for greater efficiency in the delivery of government services by the reorganization of these bureaucracies along the lines of for-profit business corporations. In doing so, governments have relied on the capacity for governance practices to overcome the weaker incentives created by the attenuated 'property rights' that are created in public enterprise.

Multinational enterprises are becoming a dominant force in international business but surprisingly little has been written on the vital question of the legal issues surrounding their global operations.

Newly updated in paperback, Multinational Enterprises and the Law represents the only complete contemporary and interdisciplinary account of the various techniques used to regulate MNE's at national, regional and international levels. The coverage is comprehensive, authoritative and accessible using numerous case studies from both developed and developing stages to unite theory and current practice.

Split into three major sections the book deals with:

Part I - the conceptual background to MNE regulation.

Part II - a complete examination of the limits of national and regional jurisdiction in regulating MNEs, restrictions on entry and establishment, investment promotion, the impact of the WTO post-entry controls in the fields of tax, company law, antitrust and labour law.

Part III - the contribution of international law and organizations to the regulation of MNEs, including renegotiations and expropriation, ICSID, MIGA and bilateral investment treaties.

The author has skilfully identified the contributions that economics, politics and sociology can add to a full understanding of the legal environment in which the MNE operates.

There can be no doubt that the breadth and depth of the coverage in this book will make it the definitive reference for students, researchers and practitioners in international law, business law, development studies, international politics and international business.

Dr Mohammad Nurunnabi examines the factors that affect the implementation of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) in developing countries and answers these specific research questions: - What is the relative impact of accounting regulatory frameworks and politico-institutional factors on the implementation of IFRS in developing countries? - How do cultural factors affect said implementation? - How does a study of implementing IFRS help to build an understanding of a theory of the role of the state in accounting change in developing countries? This follows a mixed methodology approach, in which interviews are conducted, IFRS-related enforcement documents and annual reports are evaluated. More than 138 countries have adopted IFRS, yet the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) does not provide an implementation index. Financial reporting varies by country, even within the area of the world that has apparently adopted IFRS and Nurunnabi offers an important viewpoint that considers the issues of IFRS implementation from various perspectives. This is an invaluable resource for Undergraduate, Masters and PhD students, policy makers (at local, regional and international level) namely the IASB, World Bank, IMF, practitioners and users, giving them the necessary insight into the financial reporting environment and the state's attitude towards accounting transparency. Most importantly, this book contributes to military and democratic political regimes and the Max Weberian view of the theory of the role of the state's attitude towards accounting transparency.