The book provides a thorough but concise exposure to macroeconomics to post school students as well as those studying economics for the first time. Following an introduction that gives an overview of macroeconomics as well as a brief discussion of the main macroeconomic problems that societies face, the book then looks at national income accounting and economic performance. The book looks at the unemployment problem. There is also a discussion of aggregate supply and demand theory, and the role of that theory in explaining the determinants of aggregate economic output and employment. The problem of inflation and is also discussed. The reality that the economies of most countries are interconnected with that of the rest of the world is discussed under open-economy. The book then discusses economic growth in both the short-run and the long run.

M. Riad El-Ghonemy argues that if current trends in government-led and market based land reforms persist the rural poor population in developing countries will continue to rise. Based on nearly half a century of academic and field research this valuable work presents compelling evidence on persistent rural poverty, hunger and increased inequality in developing countries over the last thirty years. The book furthers the debate with sixteen detailed case studies and looks beyond the typical views of the roles of the state and the market on land reform. The Crisis of Rural Poverty and Hunger contains comprehensive case studies including countries such as China, Korea and Honduras provides bases for discussions of government-mandated land reform, pro-active participation of NGOs and facilitated functions of the market mechanism. This book is essential reading for undergraduate and postgraduate students interested in the fields of rural and agricultural development, development economics and geography.

Innovation is central to the dynamics and success of organizations and society in the modern world, the process famously referred to by Schumpeter as 'gales of creative destruction'. This ambitious and wide ranging book makes the case for a new approach to the study of innovation. It is the editors' conviction that this approach must accomplish several objectives: it must recognise that innovation encompasses changes in organizations and society, as well as products and processes; it must be genuinely interdisciplinary and include contributes from economics, sociology, management and political science; It must be international, to reflect both different patterns or systems of innovation, and different research traditions; and it must reflect the fundamental changes taking place in science, research and knowledge creation at all levels. To this end they have gathered together a distinguished group of economists, sociologists, political scientists, and organization, innovation and institutional theorists to both assess current research on innovation, and to set out a new research agenda. This has been achieved through careful planning and development of the project, and also through the ensuing structure of the book which looks in turn at Product and Process Innovation (perhaps the best established focus of existing research on innovation), Scientific Research (assessing the changing character of basic research and science policy); Knowledge Dynamics in Context (encompassing organizational learning in all its aspects); and Institutional Change (an analysis of the institutional context that can shape, enable and constrain innovation). This carefully integrated and wide ranging book will be an ideal reference point for academics and researchers across the Social Sciences interested in all dimensions of innovation - be they in the field of Management Studies, Economics, Organization Studies, Sociology, Political Science and Science and Technology Studies.

This book shows how social impact assessment (SIA), which emerged barely five decades ago, as a way to anticipate and manage potentially negative social impacts of building dams, power stations, urban infrastructure, highways, industries, mining and other development projects, is now widely in use as a planning tool, especially in developed countries. Although SIA has still not gained much acceptance among development planners in Asia, the situation is gradually changing. In India, SIA initially mandated as a policy guideline in 2007 is now a legal requirement. SIA in China has also recently become obligatory for certain types of development projects. Bangladesh, Laos, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka are other Asian countries that provide examples from a variety of externally funded projects illustrating the use of social impact analysis in project planning to improve development outcomes. With contributions from an array of leading experts, this book is a valuable resource on SIA, indispensable for policymakers, planners, and practitioners in government, international development agencies, private-sector industry, private banks, consultants, teachers, researchers and students of social sciences and development studies, also NGOs everywhere, not in Asia alone.

Hardbound. Developments in Australasian Marketing presents excellent examples of the exciting range of marketing research that is being carried out by marketing academics in the Australasian region. The volume contains eighteen chapters selected from presentations at the inaugural Australia/New Zealand Marketing Academy Conference (ANZMAC'98) hosted by the Department of Marketing at the University of Otago in 1998. They are arranged into four themes: marketing orientation studies, cross-cultural studies, internationalization issues, and technology issues. The chapters illustrate how academic researchers in Australasia are addressing these themes, and identify implications for marketing practice in the region.

This book addresses the central questions of how social and economic rights have been historically constructed and shaped by processes of political change, economic structures and reforms, and institutional design and capacities. These conceptualizations and processes are deeply gendered even in contexts where formal political equality has been won, and while gender is a persistent marker of difference across these regions, it intersects in a variety of ways with other axes of difference such as class, race and age. The book illustrates the importance of thinking beyond states and markets in social provisioning, including in its analysis the interactions between these and other social institutions such as family and community.

Conventional wisdom recommends the superiority of private ownership of enterprises. The reality confronts it with a rich diversity in ownership and governance structures. This book examines five types of unorthodox ownership and governance forms emerging in the industrial sector across major economies. It analyses two cases to demonstrate that there are alternative ways to harden budget constraints of state-owned enterprises. It investigates the driving forces behind these evolving dynamics and explores policy implications for developing and transition economies.

The outbreak of COVID-19 had a profound impact on global economic growth. Global trade has transformed drastically and will only continue to do so as countries vote on export and import decisions based on global competition. Many countries would be compelled to reconsider multi-country trade deals as internal interests will push and dictate them. More important than ever, it is imperative that self-reliant economies be investigated specifically in the post-COVID-19 era in order to understand the impacts made on international ties and trade agreements. Transitioning From Globalized to Localized and Self-Reliant Economies is a comprehensive reference source that looks at how economies are now moving towards becoming self-reliant, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Covering topics such as digitalization, technological innovation, and personal finance, this is a beneficial resource for economists, executives, managers, government officials, policymakers, entrepreneurs, IT departments, human resource managers, CEOs, students, researchers, and academicians.

This book examines Inclusive Growth in a range of social and economic areas in India, including physical infrastructure, vulnerable sections of the population and underdeveloped states. It provides a comprehensive study of disparity and deepens insight into understanding processes of economic and social development.

In the current global market, which is turbulent, volatile, and continuously changing, companies must consistently sustain and survive during turbulent times. Although Malaysia is paving a way to adapt to the advancement of technology, one of its biggest challenges is sourcing the knowledge, skills, and competencies that will supply solutions to transform Malaysia into high value competitor for industrial countries. The newest book in the Entrepreneurship and Global Economic Growth series, Modelling Economic Growth in Contemporary Malaysia considers the crucial changes to Malaysian economic areas and social well-being. Exploring issues from various perspectives including entrepreneurship, economic, financial, banking, marketing, and human resource, the chapters cover diverse industries such as IT, green technology, retailing, banking, tourism and hospitality, education, logistics, finance, banking, and many others. Acknowledging that Malaysian companies must embrace the notion that human capital is a crucial contributor to competitive advantage, this book brings forward consumers' behavioral issues from the marketing lens, offering a critical exploration of how money spending interacts with choices relating to desired products or services.

This book offers a critical evaluation of current scientific work on defining the issue of sustainability and on measuring progress towards a sustainable state. It aims to provide a common understanding of how progress towards sustainability can be achieved by optimising technological development, environmental impact and socio-economic factors. A further objective is to identify the major trends in methodologies that assist progress towards sustainability.

This volume contains an analysis of the economic problems encountered in Mongolia during the transition from a centrally planned to a market economy, when poverty increased dramatically, unemployment rose sharply, health and education indicators derteriorated and the economic and social position of women declined. Yet there is considerable potential in Mongolia for a broadly based acceleration of output, particularly if priority is given to the nomadic livestock sector and to grass-roots development at the provincial level. This book contains policy suggestions intended to promote growth and employment and to reduce poverty.

There is now a wide spread interest in regions as a key focus in the organization and governance of economic growth and wealth creation. This important book considers the factors that influence and shape the competitive performance of regions.
This is not just an issue of academic interest and debate, but also of increasing policy deliberation and action. However, as the readings in this book make clear, the very idea of regional competitiveness is itself complex and contentious. Many academics and policy makers have used the concept without fully considering what is meant by the term and how it can be measured. Policy formulation has tended to rush ahead of understanding and analysis and the purpose of this book is to close this important gap in understanding.
This book was previously published as a special issue of "Regional Studies."

The management of, and access to, water resources have been universally identified as a key aspect of poverty reduction, agriculture and food security and sustainable development in developing, transitional, and developed countries worldwide. Yet good "water governance," so eagerly sought, has in practice proven difficult to achieve. This book, edited and authored by leading authorities on water resource management, examines the recent changes in governance, institutions, economics, and policies of water, from a global point of view and a cross-country perspective, with special emphasis on African and Southern African case studies.The authors show that in recent years, water policies, institutions, and governance have shifted from technical, quantitative, supply-driven, centrally controlled management to more demand-sensitive, qualitative, decentralized, participatory, integrated approaches. Such a move also often supposes cost recovery principles, resource allocation among competing sectors, and privatization. In most developing countries, motivations for these changes have been increased resource scarcity, increased diversity of users and uses, urbanization, financial constraints and the need for sustainable development through renewed water management. Yet the creation and operation of new policies and legal frameworks often fall short of initial expectations since management transfer and decentralization processes, cost recovery principles and the emergence of new local organizations have proven difficult to implement. The book examines these issues through case studies at national, river basin, and local levels using accessible multidisciplinary approaches that integrate economics, institutional analysis, geography, and policy analysis. Ultimately the book untangles and presents best practices for policy and decision makers, governments and regulators, NGOs and user groups, farmers, water-supply companies, and researchers, and points towards how good water governance structures can be developed and implemented for the benefit of all.

This book presents research that focuses on Sustainable Development in Asia. Chapters are extended works of papers presented at Communication/Culture and The Sustainable Development Goals (CCSDG): Challenges for a New Generation, an international conference held in Chiang Mai University in December 2015. The chapters address assessments of Millennium Development Goals in several Asian countries and the region as a whole. The book also identifies and discusses the changes and potential improvements in the transition from Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015) to Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030). Areas that are covered in the book, which are illustrated with case studies, include Corporate Social Accountability, Information and Communications Technologies, and Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The book serves as a useful resource for academics, scholars, students, and policymakers, interested in Development Studies.

In economics, the voluntary sector is surprisingly understudied. In order to fully understand economics, unpaid and voluntary work needs to be taken into account and afforded the same status as paid activities. This book constitutes a rigorous economic analysis with special emphasis on gender issues and covers every conceivable angle of unpaid work and all its ramifications for the modern economy. The unified vision offered by this group of leading contributors ensures this book is a work of excellent quality. There is every chance it will become a seminal study on unpaid work and as such will provide a useful reference for students and academics involved in gender studies, econometrics, and consumption studies.

Regional trade agreements proliferated in Africa in the wake of independence from colonial rule. For the most part these agreements failed to deliver the regional integration and economic benefits that were promised, and amounted to little more than a propaganda coup for the leaders that signed them.This book explores conventional explanations of the failure of these agreements, and challenges the accepted wisdom, highlighting the symbiotic relationship between 'Big Man' politics and crony capitalism. The rise of second generation regional trade agreements in the first decade of the twenty-first century emphasises the pressing need for a revised assessment of the aims, consequences and scope of these agreements. This book focuses on the revitalized East African Community to examine the potential benefits of modern agreements to foster economic development and the hurdles that must be overcome to realise this potential.

Vietnam, along with China, stands out as a rare success story among transition economies. This authoritative study of the reform process since 1989 pays particular attention to the way the macroeconomics framework can contribute to an environment that encourages human development and helps to reduce poverty. Thus there are chapters on macroeconomics reforms, international trade policies, the role of the state, rural development, education and health, environmental issues and poverty and gender inequality. Although areas of weakness are indicated, emphasis is placed on the success Vietnam has experienced compared to other transition economies. The lessons of both the successes and failures of the reform process for policymakers elsewhere are outlined.

Stories and narratives are powerful tools for explaining the world around us. This book explores storytelling as a way of engaging audiences with sustainable development issues and reflects on the opportunities and limitations of storytelling for sustainability as an innovative approach to sustainability communication. Bringing together voices and perspectives from research and practice, this volume explores the ways in which storytelling can support change toward sustainability. Unlike other anthologies, the book first provides a sound scientific basis by unfolding the storytelling approach and presenting empirical studies on its impact on effects. It clarifies important terms and presents recent findings on the impact of storytelling on sustainability from an extensive 3-year research project on this question. The second part shows how storytelling can be used in different fields of practice to communicate sustainability in more engaging and effective ways. Here, the main focus is on not only case-based accounts of positive change, but also tensions, arising from the application of storytelling for sustainability in journalism, higher education, corporate communication, or science communication. Combining theory with practical examples, this innovative book will be a great resource for students and scholars of environmental communication and sustainable development, as well as professionals working in related fields.

A great deal has been talked about the economic recovery of Western Germany since the Second World War. It is know htat this recovery was accompanied by the return of the Federal Republic to the markets of the world. Not so much is know abotu the details - about the work effected through the opitimism of the Minister for Economics, Professor Ludwig Erhard.
In this book, the minister himself speaks. A detailed description is given of the stages by which first the Bizone, and then the Federal Republic, has effected the remarkable comeback which has created keen interest and concern. The book goes into the full detail which might be expected from on who is in charge of the entire machinery. The description of the way in which Government policy was employed to stimulate a free market economy is of great technical interest. Equally important is the detailed description of the way in which every nook and cranny is exploited to give the Federal Republic a foothold in foreign markets. No opportunity is neglected, from the fostering of the most ambitious long-term capital development schemes to the publication of day-to-day reports on trade openings. This book was first published in 1954.

First Published in 2005. Part of a series on Economic History, this book looks at Tropical Development from 1880 to 1913. These essays were prepared during the year 1967-8 for the tropics modern economic development began in the last quarter of the nineteenth century with its revolutionary reduction of transport costs and heavy international flow of capital.

In the "World Library of Educationalists "series, international experts themselves compile career- long collections of what they judge to be their finest pieces-extracts from books, key articles, salient research findings, major theoretical and/practical contributions-so the world can read them in a single manageable volume. Readers will be able to follow the themes and strands of their work and see their contribution to the development of a field.
John Gilbert has spent the last thirty years researching, thinking and writing about some of the key and enduring issues in science education. He was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award for his contribution to science teaching in 2001 by the American National Association of Research into Science Teaching. In this book he brings together in one place his sixteen key and seminal writings. Starting with a specially written Introduction, the author summarizes his career and contextualizes his selection within the development of the field.
- The chapters cover:
- Alternative conceptions and science education
- Relating science education and technology education
- Models and modeling
- Informal education in science and technology

This study analyses the IMF's role in sub-Saharan foreign debt and structural adjustment issues. A detailed analysis concentrating upon Sudan disproves assumptions about the IMF's capacity to enforce its much-touted, tough policy conditions, and about the inability of defaulting countries to maintain capital inflows, even when in arrears to the IMF itself. The study also examines IMF and World Bank analysis and the efficacy of their policies given the substantial unrecorded foreign exchange inflows and outflows associated with unofficial migrant remittances, the parallel economy and capital flight.