The allocation of resources in international universities to adopt and institutionalize solutions must be prioritized above obsolete or wasteful practices. Changing economic and social cultures necessitate new and advancing educational strategies for the promotion of graduate student success. Advancing Innovation and Sustainable Outcomes in International Graduate Education is a critical scholarly resource that examines the impact of such drivers as technology and the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the need for a new approach to learning that directly impacts the teaching-learning process. Among the drivers that the book examines are the need for higher order and critical thinking, the need for developing cognitive and emotional intelligence with fluid intelligence enabling broad interdisciplinary thinking and wisdom, and the shifting values of millennials concerning the need for new approaches to education and attitudes to work. Underpinning the theme and chapters of this book is the need for ecosystemic thinking for sustainability framed from consciousness-based education. Featuring a wide range of topics such as data analytics, emotional intelligence, and workplace innovation, this book is ideal for educators, researchers, policymakers, curriculum designers, administrators, managers, academicians, and students.

This timely book points the way towards a new positive regulatory framework for international investment following the failure of the Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI). It examines the flaws in free-market strategies underpinning the recent phase of globalization, in particular drawing out the lessons from the MAI, which was suspended in October 1998. The authors explore an alternative based on a positive regulatory framework for international business aimed at maximizing the positive contribution to development of foreign investment and minimizing its negative social and environmental impacts. The contributors include academics, researchers for non-governmental organizations, and business and trade-union representatives, writing from a combination of economic, legal and political perspectives. The book combines academic analysis with grass-roots and practical experience, and suggests concrete policy proposals.

This landmark book offers a comprehensive analysis of how development approaches have evolved since World War II, examining and also evaluating the succession of theories, doctrines, and practices that have been formulated and applied in the Third World and beyond. Covering all developing regions, the book offers an integrated approach for considering the entwined aspects of development: governance, economics, foreign assistance, civil society, and the military. With reference to carefully chosen case studies, the authors offer distinctive explanations for why development approaches fall short and systematically relate the evolution of development thinking to current challenges, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of key institutions and the clashes of institutional interests that have distorted otherwise sound doctrines and negatively affected development practice. In identifying the dynamics that account for shortcomings in past development attempts, and recommending a better integration of doctrines across the entire range of inter-connected development fronts, the book points to how development practice may be improved to better advance human dignity.

This book is a collective effort by researchers affiliated with the CERES Research School in Development Studies in the Netherlands. These experts discuss themes and concepts crucial to the overlapping fields of globalization and development research. Individual chapters examine the notions and issues of globalization, livelihood, identity, governance, transnationalism, and knowledge.

This book examines the concept of 'development' from alternative perspectives and analyzes how different approaches influence law. 'Sustainable development' focuses on balancing economic progress, environmental protection, individual rights, and collective interests. It requires a holistic approach to human beings in their individual and social dimensions, which can be seen as a reference to 'integral human development' - a concept found in ethics. 'Development' can be considered as a value or a goal. But it also has a normative dimension influencing lawmaking and legal application; it is a rule of interpretation, which harmonizes the application of conflicting norms, and which is often based on the ethical and anthropological assumptions of the decision maker. This research examines how different approaches to 'development' and their impact on law can coexist in pluralistic and multicultural societies, and how to evaluate their legitimacy, analyzing the problem from an overarching theoretical perspective. It also discusses case studies stemming from different branches of law.

Through comparative studies of aid supported infrastructure projects in East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, the book examines how aid could assist development processes by facilitating development of local endogenous institutions, which are both pro-growth and pro-poor. Applying comparative institutional analyses based on the concept of endogenous institutions and institutional changes, and exploring the model of 'development cooperation', the book examines aid effectiveness in a broader context of institution development in the two regions. It offers a new perspective on the institutions-development nexus, alternative to the conventional one with its emphasis of an inevitable institutional convergence to a monolithic universal model. It argues that socially and politically sustainable development involves institutional innovation by developing endogenous institutions, firmly embedded in a local social-political system. The book offers policy lessons from the East Asian experiences with aid-supported infrastructure projects to governments in sub-Saharan Africa, the international aid community, including emerging development partners.

This book provides an in-depth overview of the most salient aspects of development finance. It critically reviews the current state of relevant literature on this topic and assesses both the challenges and the opportunities presented by the various forms of finance for development. Chapters from expert contributors examine a range of topics from the link between finance and growth and finance and misallocation, the relationship between financial illiteracy and lack of legal titles on access to finance, to the role of governments in the financial system and the role of overseas development assistance, remittances, microfinance, foreign direct investment (FDI) and stock exchanges on development. This book offers a good point of reference for postgraduate and PhD students and will appeal to researchers in this field.

The first book in the Studies in Economic Transition series applies the theory of economic development to the economy of East Germany. Eight years after the unification of Germany, the book provides a comprehensive and much needed assessment of the transition process in the East, its impact on the German economy as a whole and the important broader lessons for European integration and enlargement. The unique economic experiment of the unification of the German economies provided an excellent opportunity for different schools of economic theory to be tested and examined. The contributors to this book take full advantage of this challenge.

This is an examination of the key themes in Africa's fiscal reforms and trade liberalization, and her prospects for improving trade and development. In this work, differing reform strategies are reformed and assessed with a range of case studies of fiscal reform in Kenya, the Cote d'Ivoire and Tanzania. The impact of trade liberalization and the linking of aid and trade by donor countries are also assessed.

This book refocuses thinking on how multinational enterprises (MNEs) can achieve a sustained contribution to European transition economies as these countries move from the processes of transformation into pursuit of more sustained development. The authors apply key aspects of recent work on the strategic aims and nature of the contemporary MNE to the transition economy context, and find that the generation and application of technology has particular relevance to the success of MNEs in Central and Eastern Europe. The book is based on the results of two new wide-ranging surveys and includes a thorough review of current literature.

This book examines the facts concerning child labor in Latin America--how it varies over time; across countries; and in comparison to other areas of the world. The rich evidence presented in the book supports the view that the root causes of child labor can be identified, that child labor has identifiable costs that can last across generations, and that there are policy alternatives that can succeed in its eradication. This book aims to improve the understanding of root causes and consequences of persistent child labor and to contribute to the policy debate with the goal of enhancing the current and future welfare of all children in Latin America.

The book provides an in-depth analysis of the governance of Africa's natural resource sectors (oil, biofuels, forestry, fisheries, minerals) and new insights for readers as they navigate the burgeoning research on global governance initiatives and regional/national strategies that seek to improve the governance of the continent's natural resources.

Development Models, Globalization and Economies compares and critiques the different economic models available in today's global market place. The US or Anglo-Saxon model is often portrayed as the best, yet Europe has a well-known Social Model, and Asia has enjoyed success in the past wherein the 'Asian Economic Miracle' was highly vaunted before their crash. But now Asia, especially China, is again on a roll. The book analyzes how these models have influenced both regional and global development, and finally engages in discussions upon alternatives and the search for the 'grail'

The primary objective of this book is to advance the state of the art in specifying and ?tting to data structural multi-sector dynamic macroeconomic models, and empirically implementing them. The fundamental construct upon which we build is the Ramsey model. A most attractive feature of this model is the insights it provides into the dynamics of an economy in tr- sition to long-run equilibrium. With some exceptions, Ramsey models are highly aggregated - typically single sector models. However, interest often lies in understanding the forces of e- nomic growth across multiple sectors of an economy and on how policy impacts likely play out over time. Such analyses call for moredisaggregatedmodelsthatcanbe?ttocountryorregional data.Thisbookshowshowto: (i)extendthebasicmodeltom- tiple sectors, (ii) how to adapt the basic model to account for policy instruments, and (iii) 't the model to data, and obtain equilibrium values both forward and backward in time from the data points to which the model is initially 't

The linkage of development aid to the promotion of human rights, democracy and good governancewas a striking departure in the post-cold war foreign policies of Northern "donor" governments. Uniquely, this book provides a systematic and comparative investigation of policies and practices in the 1990s to promote political reform in Southern '"ecipient'"countries by four donors, the governments of Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States, plus the European Union.The use of both carrot and stick ( that is democracy assistance and aid sanctions) is examined andsharp criticism of current practice offered.

The debate between modernization theory and dependency theory has been waged for decades without either being fully accepted. Billet attempts to bridge the gap in that debate by evaluating the underlying causes of economic discontent in the developing world. The author's evaluation is based on a theoretical and empirical analysis of the interrelatedness of external forms of development capital and the implications of these patterns not only for modernization and dependency theorists but also for the least developed countries of the world. The purpose of this analysis is two-fold: (1) to evaluate the degree to which modernization and/or dependency theory is applicable to the experiences of developing countries; and (2) to evaluate why external capital flows have resulted in an overabundance of economically discontented developing countries.

This edited volume examines the flaws in the Washington Consensus. The missing link identified is the relationship between market and government. The East Asian Miracle showed that the market and government are complementary, particularly with regard to economic development. However, the nature of this relationship has not been fully clarified. This book assesses development strategies and policy issues in the context of individual and/or regional economy's history and political-economic reality. The relationship may be conditional to these two factors. With these perceptions in mind, the book focuses on the role and significance of government in economic development in pursuit for new development strategies.

How do industrial firms in developing countries contend with and survive acute shortages of physical infrastructure? Sumila Gulyani examines the impact of inadequate power and freight transportation on the costs and competitiveness of Indian automobile firms and the innovative coping strategies that firms devise. Using in-depth, firm-level surveys and supply chain analysis, this study provides a unique perspective into the infrastructure problem and possible solutions. It identifies unconventional approaches and solutions that firms and governments can use to improve industrial access to infrastructure.

This book analyses and critically evaluates the development of two key components of China's economy: the network of productive enterprises, and the national innovation system, from the inception of market-oriented reforms to the present day. The approach is a partly novel one, albeit inspired to classical political economy, rooted in the structure and evolution of social relations of production and exchange and of the institutional setting in these two crucial domains. The main findings are twofold: First, the role of planning and public ownership, far from withering, has being upheld and qualitatively enhanced, especially throughout the most recent stages of industrial reforms. Second, enterprises are increasingly participating - along with universities and research centers - in a concerted and historically unparalleled effort to dramatically upgrade China's capacity to engage in indigenous innovation. As a result, China's National Innovation System has been growing and strengthening at a pace much faster than that of the national economy as a whole. The book also presents a speculative and provisional perspective on the validity, and meaning, of the claim that the country's socioeconomic system is indeed a form of socialism with Chinese characteristics. It will be on interest to students and scholars researching China, politics, and development economics.

This book brings together experts from four continents (Asia, North America, Europe, Africa) and from varied disciplines to discuss a spectrum of problems created by globalization, such as the economic and financial, environmental, legal, cultural, socio-economic and social media impacts. The book not only examines the problems from a number of different perspectives, but also considers the impact of globalization in emerging nations around the world. Due to the very nature of these problems, the approaches adopted are both qualitative and quantitative; it includes quantitative research on quantum finance and the financial crisis, and also discussions on qualitative problems, such as cultural imperialism and neoliberalism. Of interest to economic researchers and management professionals, the book is also a valuable resource for social media researchers, environment scientists, and non-technical readers concerned with socio-political issues. This single volume offers a holistic view and therefore a more complete picture of the problems posed by globalization.

'Structural adjustment' has been a central part of the development strategy for the 'third world'. Loans made by the World Bank and the IMF have been conditional on developing countries pursuing rapid economic liberalization programmes as it was believed this would strengthen their economies in the long run. M. Rodwan Abouharb and David Cingranelli argue that, conversely, structural adjustment agreements usually cause increased hardship for the poor, greater civil conflict, and more repression of human rights, therefore resulting in a lower rate of economic development. Greater exposure to structural adjustment has increased the prevalence of anti-government protests, riots and rebellion. It has led to less respect for economic and social rights, physical integrity rights, and worker rights, but more respect for democratic rights. Based on these findings, the authors recommend a human rights-based approach to economic development.

Much has been said about the proliferation of eGovernance projects in developing countries and their impact on local communities. In this book, Shirin Madon draws on 18 years of research in India in which time many changes have occurred in terms of development ideology and in governance reform for achieving development goals.

This volume studies the outcomes of the two-way flow of investments and people between China and India, and Southeast Asia. These cross-border flows have led to new settlements in Southeast Asia from which new outlooks have emerged among locally born generations that have given rise to new forms of solidarity and identification.The advent of new generations of ethnic Chinese and Indians in Southeast Asia, with no ties to China or India, has spawned important debates about identity shifts which have not been registered by government leaders in Southeast Asia, China and India, as reflected in policy statements and investment patterns. Identity changes are assessed in forms where they best manifest themselves: in social life and in business ventures forged, or unsuccessfully nurtured, through tie-ups involving foreign and domestic capital. A state-society distinction is employed to determine how the governments of these rapidly developing countries envision development, through state intervention as well as with the employment of highly entrepreneurial ethnic groups, and the outcomes of this on their societies and on their economies. The chapters were originally published as a special issue in The Round Table.

The global South Asian diaspora is over 50 million strong. Many of its members maintain strong social, economic and cultural connections to their countries of origin. They also engage in various causes and institutions that directly benefit their countries and people in South Asia. A global cast of contributors aim to document the various forms of diaspora engagement between global South Asian diasporas and their origin countries, deepening understanding of the opportunity that these diaspora communities are hoarding for development, and providing insight on how to tap the development potential of diaspora engagement for countries in South Asia.