Vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency is a worldwide, public health problem in both developed and developing countries. Rickets among infants has reemerged. Low levels of vitamin D are associated with increased risk and mortality from cancer. At the same time, the beneficial effects of vitamin D on a host of conditions have recently been discovered. Focusing on areas not extensively covered in other comparable books, Vitamin D: Oxidative Stress, Immunity, and Aging highlights the most recent research findings on the impact of this nutrient in oxidative stress, immunity, and aging. A state-of-the-art compilation of essential information, this book explores: Vitamin D and its genomic and nongenomic effects, the role of therapeutic analogs in treating disease, and the production of vitamin D by the body The role vitamin D plays in modulating oxidative stress-with emphasis on cancer, stress-mediated diseases, photo-protection of the skin, and energy metabolism Beneficial effects of vitamin D in regulating the immune response and its importance in protecting against autoimmune, infectious, and inflammatory diseases The role vitamin D plays in the regulation of the aging process-including aspects of oxidative stress, senescence, and mortality, as well as its role in protection against cardiovascular disease and nervous system disorders This book represents an important contribution toward understanding the mechanisms by which vitamin D promotes health, increasing awareness of the importance that vitamin D plays during development, at birth, and throughout the aging process. It is a valuable reference for researchers in academia, nutrition, medicine, and industry.

Food antioxidants are of primary importance for the preservation of food quality during processing and storage. However, the status of food depends on a balance of antioxidants and prooxidants occurring in food. Food Oxidants and Antioxidants: Chemical, Biological, and Functional Properties provides a single-volume reference on the effects of naturally occurring and process-generated prooxidants and antioxidants on various aspects of food quality. The book begins with a general introduction to oxidation in food and then characterizes the main oxidants present in food, including enzymatic oxidants. Chapters cover oxidation potential, mechanisms of oxidation of the main food components (proteins and lipids), addition of exogenous oxidants during food processing, and the effects of physical agents such as irradiation, freeze-thawing, and high hydrostatic pressure during processing. The book also discusses the effects of oxidation on sensory characteristics of food components and analyzes how oxidation and antioxidants affect the nutritive and health-promoting features of food components. The text examines natural antioxidants in food, including lesser-known ones such as amino acids and polysaccharides, antioxidants generated in food as a result of processing, mechanisms of antioxidant activity, and measurement of antioxidant activity of food components. It explores the bioavailability of curcuminoid and carotenoids antioxidants and presents case studies on natural food antioxidants, presenting novel extraction methods for preservation of antioxidant activity. The final chapters address functional antioxidant foods and beverages as well as general ideas on the effects of food on the redox homeostasis of the organism.

Increasing scientific evidence suggests that the majority of diseases including cancer are driven by oxidative stress and inflammation, attributed to environmental factors. These factors either drive genetic mutations or epigenetically modify expression of key regulatory genes. These changes can occur as early as gestational fetal development, and major questions remain as to how dietary/nutritional phytochemical factors biochemically interact with such genetic and epigenetic events. With chapters written by international experts, Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Cancer: Dietary Approaches for Cancer Prevention examines the latest developments on the effects of various dietary phytochemicals. Divided into nine sections, the book begins with the basic mechanisms of inflammation/oxidative stress-driven cancer, including an overview of the topic and how to prevent carcinogenesis, the role of obesity in inflammation and cancer, and antioxidant properties of some common dietary phytochemicals. Subsequent sections cover cellular signal transduction, molecular targets, and biomarkers of dietary cancer-preventive phytochemicals, as well as their potential challenges with in vivo absorption and pharmacokinetics. The chapters also examine the cancer-preventive properties of various classes of phytochemicals, including vitamins A, D, and E; omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids; flavanoids and polyphenols; garlic organosulfur compounds and cruciferous glucosinolates; and selenium, traditional Chinese herbal medicines, and alpha lipoic acid. The final section of the book explores the latest developments on the interactions of dietary phytochemicals through epigenetics and the management of chronic inflammation with nutritional phytochemicals.

In 2010, esteemed researchers gathered at a workshop held at the Richardson Centre for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. Drawn from these proceedings, Canola and Rapeseed: Production, Processing, Food Quality, and Nutrition presents state-of-the-art information on the chemistry of the minor constituents of canola and rapeseed and their impact on human health. The book also identifies new areas of research and opportunities for the industrial application of functional foods and nutraceuticals from canola and rapeseed. Topics include: The historical development, properties, and performance of canola Characteristics and bioactives of sinapic acid derivatives and the decarboxylation pathways leading to their formation Canola protein processing High omega-9 canola oils and their future applications Modification of Brassica oilseeds Rapid analytical methods for measuring oil content The potential of ultrasound and supercritical fluid extraction for producing value-added by-products The processing of virgin rapeseed oils in Europe Extraction and application of canola protein The frying stability of high-oleic low-linolenic acid canola oils The potential of mustard oil for biodiesel The final chapters demonstrate the health benefits of canola, including antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anticancer properties. Authored by experienced researchers in the field, the book chapters have been expanded considerably to include a number of areas not contained in the original workshop, providing comprehensive coverage of the potential of this essential crop.

Although health claims for nutraceuticals range from the fantastic to the sublime, most of these claims are based on cell culture studies and have not been validated in humans, making them inadequate for public health recommendations. Focusing on human population-based research (epidemiology studies), Nutraceuticals and Health: Review of Human Evidence explores the role of nutraceuticals in human health, disease prevention, health promotion, and as an adjunct to disease treatment. The editors and their team of recognized experts deliver a comprehensive scientific review of the latest research. The book opens with a general background of nutraceuticals and human health, then covers health and disease areas such as cancer, lipidermia and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome with obesity, diabetes and hypertension, respiratory health, the gut microbiome, and cognitive decline. It then concludes by addressing the methodological issues that must be addressed in the conduct of epidemiological research on nutraceuticals in health and disease. Although nutraceuticals hold significant promise in alleviating the suffering from disease, for this potential to be fulfilled, much more research is needed to document safety and disease risks in humans. Addressing important knowledge gaps, the book includes cutting-edge summaries that highlight both the biological and epidemiological findings of relevant studies of nutraceuticals in health and disease. Taking an unusual, yet crucial epidemiological focus, it examines whether, and what kinds of, evidence exist to support a role for nutraceuticals in disease risk, prevention, and treatment.

There is a wealth of published research on the health-promoting effects of green tea and its various components including polyphenols. Green Tea Polyphenols: Nutraceuticals of Modern Life presents a collection of global findings on the numerous health benefits of green tea polyphenols, confirming their position as healthy functional ingredients. With chapters contributed by experts in the field of green tea science and the inclusion of extensive references, this book provides an authoritative volume that can be used to guide researchers, scientists, and regulatory bodies. Each chapter previews a specific theme and highlights recent research and development conducted in the field. The book begins with the history, processing, and features of green tea. It then describes the chemical composition and biochemical and physicochemical characteristics, followed by a discussion of the properties of green tea polyphenols, including metabolism, bioavailability, and safety. The subsequent chapters deal with the numerous health benefits associated with consumption of green tea polyphenols. These include benefits related to cancer risk and prevention, cardiovascular disease, protection of internal organs, diabetes and weight management, bone and muscle health, allergies, oral care, inflammation, and gut health. The book addresses the nutrigenomics and proteomics of poyphenols. It also examines food and nonfood applications of green tea polyphenols, such as extracts, supplements, and skin and hair cosmetic products, demonstrating both therapeutic and functional health benefits. This book brings together a wide array of data on green tea polyphenols, providing a greater understanding of them and insight into their effects on human health, and their applications and commercial potential.

Research studies demonstrate diet and proper nutrition in conjunction with cognitive, mental, social, and physical activities can significantly help in improving brain health with advancing age, and potentially reduce the risk of cognitive decline. These studies of phytopharmaceuticals and medicinal plants, demonstrate the efficacy of Huperzine A, berry anthocyanins, trans-resveratrol, Ginkgo biloba, Bacopa monniera, Centella asiatica, tocotrienols, and palm oil in boosting brain health and physical well-being. In addition, consumption of marine fishes and general seafood is recommended for long-term nutritional intervention to preserve mental health, hinder neurodegenerative processes, and sustain cognitive capacities in humans. Omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, n-3/n-6 PUFAs, flavonoids, and antioxidants prevent the initiation and progression of many neurological disorders. This book is a comprehensive review of phytopharmaceuticals impacting brain health with emphasis on diverse applications in food and nutrition sciences, biomedicine, neurology and other scientific and medical fields. It details available methods and contains numerous references making this the perfect guide for scientists who want to explore the fascinating world of phytopharmaceuticals with relation to brain health. Phytopharmaceuticals for Brain Health appeals to a diverse range of readers in industry, medical doctors, research and academia, including biologists, biochemists, food scientists, nutritionists and health professionals. Overall, this book brings a classic scenario of neurological problems to possible amelioration using novel nutraceuticals and functional foods.

The first 90 years of vitamin E research has produced prolific and notable discoveries, but until the last few decades, attention has been given mostly to the biological activities and underlying mechanisms of alpha-tocopherol, which we now know is one of more than eight vitamin E isomers. Currently, the non-tocopherol vitamin E molecule tocotrienol has reached a new measure of research height: more than one-third of all vitamin E tocotrienol research of the last 30 years has been published since 2009. The thriving field of tocotrienol research gives ground for publication of Tocotrienols: Vitamin E Beyond Tocopherols, Second Edition, a compilation of the latest tocotrienol research in all new chapters. Highlights Established research, including prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and cancer Emergent research, including angiogenesis, bioavailability, bone health, gastric injury, inflammation, life extension, and skin health Tocopherol interference with tocotrienol functions All new chapters and many new contributors Recognized as potent antioxidants, tocotrienols play a role in cholesterol reduction, tumor suppression, reversal of arteriosclerosis, and protection of the heart against oxidative stress. Compiling contributions from leading researchers, this book overviews tocotrienols, and examines their sources, chemistry, and mechanisms of action. Contributors discuss the role of tocotrienols in the treatment and prevention of cancer and in cardiovascular health, diabetes, and other hormone regulation by tocotrienols. In addition, the book addresses animal and in vitro as well as mechanistic and pre-clinical studies. Dr. Tan discusses the benefits of tocotrienol in a YouTube video.

Flavonoids exert a multiplicity of biological effects on humans and can have beneficial implications for numerous disease states. Flavonoids and Related Compounds: Bioavailability and Function examines current knowledge regarding the absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability of individual flavonoids and related phenolic compounds. Profiling the latest evidence of their impact on various human pathological conditions, the book summarizes current thinking with regard to the biotransformation and conjugation of individual compounds in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, large intestine, and cells. It highlights a topic that has been largely ignored-namely the extent to which dietary phenolics components undergo metabolism in the large intestine. It also explores the generation of bacterially derived metabolites. Individual chapters discuss which metabolites enter the circulatory system and are likely to offer protective actions against human diseases. Edited by internationally recognized leaders in the field, the book presents contributions by a panel of experts who demonstrate the potential of flavonoids in ameliorating a range of disease states, including cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. The research presented in this volume provides a reliable starting point for further inquiry and experimentation.

First published in 2000. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

First published in 1982: This publication should be an invaluable tool to food technologists, dieticians, and nutritionalists, as well as to livestock producers and persons engaged in production, processing, and formulation of animal feeds.

'Pontzer's findings have huge implications for our attitudes to exercise, diet and public health' Mark Webster, Sunday Times A myth-busting tour of the body's hidden foundations from a pioneering evolutionary biologist 'Public health strategies stubbornly cling to the simplistic armchair engineer's view of metabolism, hurting efforts to combat obesity, diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and the other diseases that are most likely to kill us' Herman Pontzer's ground-breaking research has revealed how, contrary to received wisdom, exercise does not increase our metabolism. Instead, we burn calories within a very narrow range: nearly 3,000 calories per day, no matter our activity level. In this book, he draws on twenty years of cutting-edge science to take a closer look at what happens to the energy we consume. Burn explores the ways in which metabolism controls every aspect of our health - from fertility to immune function - and reveals the truth about the dynamic system that sustains us. Filled with facts and memorable anecdotes, this book will change the way you think about food, exercise and what really matters for your health.

In 1981, David Jenkins, Thomas Wolever, and colleagues introduced the concept of the glycemic index (GI) to differentiate carbohydrates based on the rate of blood glucose rise following their consumption. Although GI was first used in diet therapy for diabetes, research evidence has accumulated since then to thousands of publications from all over the world with applications for prevention and/or management of many diseases, as well as effects on physiological states and exercise. The Glycemic Index: Applications in Practice has gathered together, in an unbiased and critical way, all the evidence and research on GI, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy outcomes, sports performance, eye health, and cognitive functioning. It provides a detailed explanation on how to correctly measure a food's GI, how the GI of food products can be altered, as well as the use and misuse of GI labelling around the globe. The contributors are either pioneers or experts in the area of GI from all around the globe, including Australia, Canada, Europe, and the United States. The book is a valuable source of information for healthcare professionals of various disciplines, nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, medical doctors, sports scientists, psychologists, public health (nutrition) policy makers, and students in these fields, as well as an important addition to university libraries.

Globally, the food system and the relationship of the individual to that system, continues to change and grow in complexity. Eating is an everyday event that is part of everyone's lives. There are many commentaries on the nature of these changes to what, where and how we eat and their socio-cultural, environmental, educational, economic and health consequences. Among this discussion, the term "food literacy" has emerged to acknowledge the broad role food and eating play in our lives and the empowerment that comes from meeting food needs well. In this book, contributors from Australia, China, United Kingdom and North America provide a review of international research on food literacy and how this can be applied in schools, health care settings and public education and communication at the individual, group and population level. These varying perspectives will give the reader an introduction to this emerging concept. The book gathers current insights and provides a platform for discussion to further understanding and application in this field. It stimulates the reader to conceptualise what food literacy means to their practice and to critically review its potential contribution to a range of outcomes.

Globally, the food system and the relationship of the individual to that system, continues to change and grow in complexity. Eating is an everyday event that is part of everyone's lives. There are many commentaries on the nature of these changes to what, where and how we eat and their socio-cultural, environmental, educational, economic and health consequences. Among this discussion, the term "food literacy" has emerged to acknowledge the broad role food and eating play in our lives and the empowerment that comes from meeting food needs well. In this book, contributors from Australia, China, United Kingdom and North America provide a review of international research on food literacy and how this can be applied in schools, health care settings and public education and communication at the individual, group and population level. These varying perspectives will give the reader an introduction to this emerging concept. The book gathers current insights and provides a platform for discussion to further understanding and application in this field. It stimulates the reader to conceptualise what food literacy means to their practice and to critically review its potential contribution to a range of outcomes.

Short Bowel Syndrome: Practical Approach to Management is the first reference exclusively about the issues experienced by patients with a short bowel. It covers all aspects of normal and abnormal physiology, the presenting features, and outcomes, including metabolic problems, gallstones, and renal stones. It discusses both medical and surgical treatments, including intestinal transplantation. The use of growth factors, which is likely in the future to become increasingly important in promoting intestinal structural adaptation, is extensively discussed. Special emphasis is given to the psychosocial aspects of the quality of life of patients, including support groups. Emphasis is also given to the importance of an experienced multidisciplinary team in caring for these patients. This book is particularly timely given the recent advances in the management of Short Bowel Syndrome, including the availability of pharmacologic agents to enhance intestinal absorption, refinements in parenteral nutrition, and surgical procedures designed to eliminate the need for parenteral nutrition support. The goal of this international, interdisciplinary book is to bring the subject of Short Bowel Syndrome to a wide audience. A wide range of specialists have contributed to this book to provide various viewpoints on the state-of-the-art care of those with this condition.

As the number of child and adolescent athletes continues to increase each year, more children are being exposed to greater training volumes and increasing physical demands-making the need for nutritional and recovery guidance increasingly important. While massive amounts of empirical research are published each year on responses and adaptations to exercise and nutrition, a relative lack of this data is focused on children and adolescents. Filling this need, Sports Nutrition Needs for Child and Adolescent Athletes explores the optimal sports nutrition needs for the child and adolescent athlete in three, detailed sections. The first section-Nutritional Foundation-supplies a comprehensive look at topics that relate to nearly every athlete. It focuses on the need for optimal nutrition in youth athlete populations, highlighting energy, body composition, hydration, and both macro- and micro-nutrient requirements. The second section-Special Considerations in Child and Adolescent Athletes-focuses on topics that are more specific. This section includes coverage of the impact of common recreational drugs on exercise performance, steroid use in youth and associated dangers, key elements of working with diabetic and other clinically relevant populations, as well as discussions that relate to overweight and weight-conscious athletes, respectively. The final section-A Hands-On Approach-reviews nutritional programs for both child and adolescent athletes. It uses an easy-to-understand approach to discuss and apply situations that can challenge athletes, their parents, and coaches by making sure young athletes are well fueled and recovered for all sporting situations. For the purposes of the research presented in this book, a child athlete is defined as an athlete between the ages of 7 and 12 years while an adolescent athlete is defined as an athlete 13-17 years of age.

'An essential evidence-based handbook for every family' - Gary Neville 'An amazing resource for families, teachers and teens' - Dr Gemma Newman, the Plant Power Doctor 'A great resource for teenagers, with practical tips and illustrations which makes it easily accessible for everyone.' - Dr Rachel V Gow, Child Neuropsychologist, Nutritional Neuroscientist and author of Smart Foods for ADHD and Brain Health 'This book will boost your knowledge of what's going on inside when it comes to keeping our teens healthy and happy' - Lorraine Candy, author and journalist This easy-to-use and friendly handbook for teenagers will help you learn how to develop a healthy and loving relationship with food and your body, for life. Packed with helpful tips, advice and recipes, in an easy-to-digest format. In no time at all you can dramatically improve the way you feel by making better choices with your food and lifestyle habits. Eat Well and Feel Great shows you how simple changes can have profound effects on your self-confidence and well-being, helping you to: - improve your mood - reduce stress and anxiety - sleep better and focus more - maintain a healthy weight - have a fresher complexion and healthy hair - feel happier in your body. Written by an expert nutritionist with over 20 years' experience, the book features case studies from the author's clinical work with young people. With a selection of quick and easy recipes, you'll learn how simple it is to nourish your brain and body with key nutrients. Educating young people on the importance of good nutrition is vital and the bedrock for good health in later life. Eat Well and Feel Great aims to shape the health, well-being and self-esteem of current and future generations.

This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. Sarcopenia-the loss of muscle mass and strength that occurs with advancing age-is a major health challenge, particularly in North America, Europe, and Japan, which have large aging populations. This compendium volume is a valuable addition to the existing literature, providing state-of-the-art information on the most effective prevention and treatment options. Included are research articles on nutrition management and the prevention of sarcopenia; protein therapy for sarcopenia; effect of exercise on sarcopenia; and other therapeutic strategies, including antioxidants and steroids.

The individual and institutional capacities required for the prevention and reduction of nutritional insecurity and hunger in lesser-developed countries as the twenty-first century approaches are identified in this book. Household nutritional "security" can be defined as the successful The essays in this book champion the idea of increasing, or scaling up, grass roots operations to provide nutritional security, while scaling down the efforts of national and international institutions. Scaling up involves strengthening local capacities to improve and expand upon current successful programs by building upon existing local culture and organizations. This, in turn, enables the programs to strengthen relationships with national governments, international bilateral/multilateral donors, as well as non-governmental organizations. Scaling down concerns the ways and means by which these various organizations encourage and complement the local development. Therefore, as local capacities are scaled up, the national/international control over decisions and functions is, ideally, scaled down. The volume also directly addresses the resultant complication: how to create programs that are both culturally specific and that will flourish well into the future.

This collection of essays explores some of the complex relations between meat and health in the twentieth century. It highlights a complicated array of contradictory attitudes towards meat and human health. They show how meat came to be regarded as a central part of a modern healthy diet and trace critiques of meat-eating and the meat industry.

The maintenance of telomeres-repetitive sequences at the end of chromosome-is essential to health. Dysfunction in telomere maintenance pathways plays a role in aging, cancer, atherosclerosis and other diseases. This has led to telomere maintenance as a prime target for patient therapies. This book describes the advances in telomere research as it applies to human health and especially how lifestyle and dietary factors could modify the telomerase maintenance process. The book examines the mechanisms involved, the primary of which are oxidative stress and the role of sirtuins, and how they can be modified by dietary patterns such as Mediterranean diet.

The majority of cancer-related deaths are associated with nutritional problems. The major role that nutrition and diet play in the development and course of cancer had only been recently appreciated, and relatively little had been written on the topic in general. A critical component of nutrition and diet is eating behavior. Originally published in 1985, the purpose of this book was to meet the needs of both the clinician and the researcher by bringing together data and theory about nutrition and cancer from several disciplines, as considered from a biobehavioral perspective. The first chapter of the book provides an overview of the purposes and organization of the volume. The rest is divided into 3 parts. Part 1 focuses on basic research concerned with the nature and development of taste aversions and taste preferences in human and animals. Part 2 applies the basic processes reviews in the first part to the cancer area, focusing on eating and nutritional problems related to both tumor development and to learned processes that develop as a result of being exposed to radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments. Part 3 focuses on identifying and evaluating intervention strategies for improving the nutritional status of people with cancer or at high risk for developing cancer.