A self-contained and systematic development of an aspect of analysis which deals with the theory of fundamental solutions for differential operators, and their applications to boundary value problems of mathematical physics, applied mathematics, and engineering, with the related computational aspects.

Whether costs are to be reduced, profits to be maximized, or scarce resources to be used wisely, optimization methods are available to guide decision making. In online optimization the main issue is incomplete data, and the scientific challenge: How well can an online algorithm perform? Can one guarantee solution quality, even without knowing all data in advance? In real-time optimization there is an additional requirement, decisions have to be computed very fast in relation to the time frame of the instance we consider. Online and real-time optimization problems occur in all branches of optimization. These areas have developed their own techniques but they are addressing the same issues: quality, stability, and robustness of the solutions. To fertilize this emerging topic of optimization theory and to foster cooperation between the different branches of optimization, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) has supported a Priority Programme "Online Optimization of Large Systems".

This book surveys recent developments in numerical techniques for global atmospheric models. It is based upon a collection of lectures prepared by leading experts in the field. The chapters reveal the multitude of steps that determine the global atmospheric model design. They encompass the choice of the equation set, computational grids on the sphere, horizontal and vertical discretizations, time integration methods, filtering and diffusion mechanisms, conservation properties, tracer transport, and considerations for designing models for massively parallel computers. A reader interested in applied numerical methods but also the many facets of atmospheric modeling should find this book of particular relevance.

Topics of this volume are close to scientific interests of Professor Maz'ya and use, directly or indirectly, the fundamental influential Maz'ya's works penetrating, in a sense, the theory of PDEs.

In particular, recent advantages in the study of semilinear elliptic equations, stationary Navier-Stokes equations, the Stokes system in convex polyhedra, periodic scattering problems, problems with perturbed boundary at a conic point, singular perturbations arising in elliptic shells and other important problems in mathematical physics are presented.

This book extends classical Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities to the fractional case via establishing fractional integral identities, and discusses Riemann-Liouville and Hadamard integrals, respectively, by various convex functions. Illustrating theoretical results via applications in special means of real numbers, it is an essential reference for applied mathematicians and engineers working with fractional calculus. Contents Introduction Preliminaries Fractional integral identities Hermite-Hadamard inequalities involving Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals Hermite-Hadamard inequalities involving Hadamard fractional integrals

Boundary element methods are very important for solving boundary value problems in PDEs. Many boundary value problems of partial differential equations can be reduced into boundary integral equations by the natural boundary reduction. In this book the natural boundary integral method, suggested and developed by Feng and Yu, is introduced systematically. It is quite different from popular boundary element methods and has many distinctive advantages. The variational principle is conserved after the natural boundary reduction, and some useful properties are also preserved faithfully. Moreover, it can be applied directly and naturally in the coupling method and the domain decomposition method of finite and boundary elements. Most of the material in this book has only appeared in the author's previous papers. Compared with its Chinese edition (Science Press, Beijing, 1993), many new research results such as the domain decomposition methods based on the natural boundary reduction are added.

This book focuses on problems at the interplay between the theory of partitions and optimal transport with a view toward applications. Topics covered include problems related to stable marriages and stable partitions, multipartitions, optimal transport for measures and optimal partitions, and finally cooperative and noncooperative partitions. All concepts presented are illustrated by examples from game theory, economics, and learning.

The book collects many techniques that are helpul in obtaining regularity results for solutions of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations. They are then applied in various cases to provide useful examples and relevant results, particularly in fields like fluid mechanics, solid mechanics, semiconductor theory, or game theory.In general, these techniques are scattered in the journal literature and developed in the strict context of a given model. In the book, they are presented independently of specific models, so that the main ideas are explained, while remaining applicable to various situations. Such a presentation will facilitate application and implementation by researchers, as well as teaching to students.

With a focus on the interplay between mathematics and applications of imaging, the first part covers topics from optimization, inverse problems and shape spaces to computer vision and computational anatomy. The second part is geared towards geometric control and related topics, including Riemannian geometry, celestial mechanics and quantum control. Contents: Part I Second-order decomposition model for image processing: numerical experimentation Optimizing spatial and tonal data for PDE-based inpainting Image registration using phase amplitude separation Rotation invariance in exemplar-based image inpainting Convective regularization for optical flow A variational method for quantitative photoacoustic tomography with piecewise constant coefficients On optical flow models for variational motion estimation Bilevel approaches for learning of variational imaging models Part II Non-degenerate forms of the generalized Euler Lagrange condition for state-constrained optimal control problems The Purcell three-link swimmer: some geometric and numerical aspects related to periodic optimal controls Controllability of Keplerian motion with low-thrust control systems Higher variational equation techniques for the integrability of homogeneous potentials Introduction to KAM theory with a view to celestial mechanics Invariants of contact sub-pseudo-Riemannian structures and Einstein Weyl geometry Time-optimal control for a perturbed Brockett integrator Twist maps and Arnold diffusion for diffeomorphisms A Hamiltonian approach to sufficiency in optimal control with minimal regularity conditions: Part I Index

Basic Real Analysis and Advanced Real Analysis systematically develop the concepts and tools that are vital to every mathematician, whether pure or applied, aspiring or established. These works present a comprehensive treatment with a global view of the subject, emphasizing the connections between real analysis and other branches of mathematics.Basic Real Analysis requires of the reader only familiarity with some linear algebra and real variable theory, the very beginning of group theory, and an acquaintance with proofs. It is suitable as a text in an advanced undergraduate course in real variable theory and in most basic graduate courses in Lebesgue integration and related topics. Because it focuses on what every young mathematician needs to know about real analysis, the book is ideal both as a course text and for self-study, especially for graduate students preparing for qualifying examinations. Its scope and unique approach will appeal to instructors and professors in nearly all areas of pure mathematics, as well as applied mathematicians working in analytic areas such as statistics, mathematical physics, and differential equations. addition to the personal library of every mathematician.

In this book the author presents the dynamical systems in infinite dimension, especially those generated by dissipative partial differential equations. This book attempts a systematic study of infinite dimensional dynamical systems generated by dissipative evolution partial differential equations arising in mechanics and physics and in other areas of sciences and technology. This second edition has been updated and extended.

Two-and three-level difference schemes for discretisation in time, in conjunction with finite difference or finite element approximations with respect to the space variables, are often used to solve numerically non stationary problems of mathematical physics. In the theoretical analysis of difference schemes our basic attention is paid to the problem of sta bility of a difference solution (or well posedness of a difference scheme) with respect to small perturbations of the initial conditions and the right hand side. The theory of stability of difference schemes develops in various di rections. The most important results on this subject can be found in the book by A.A. Samarskii and A.V. Goolin [Samarskii and Goolin, 1973]. The survey papers of V. Thomee [Thomee, 1969, Thomee, 1990], A.V. Goolin and A.A. Samarskii [Goolin and Samarskii, 1976], E. Tad more [Tadmor, 1987] should also be mentioned here. The stability theory is a basis for the analysis of the convergence of an approximative solu tion to the exact solution, provided that the mesh width tends to zero. In this case the required estimate for the truncation error follows from consideration of the corresponding problem for it and from a priori es timates of stability with respect to the initial data and the right hand side. Putting it briefly, this means the known result that consistency and stability imply convergence.

In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the study of delay differential equations motivated largely by new applications in physics, biology, ecology, and physiology. The aim of this monograph is to present a reasonably self-contained account of the advances in the oscillation theory of this class of equations. Throughout, the main topics of study are shown in action, with applications to such diverse problems as insect population estimations, logistic equations in ecology, the survival of red blood cells in animals, integro-differential equations, and the motion of the tips of growing plants. The authors begin by reviewing the basic theory of delay differential equations, including the fundamental results of existence and uniqueness of solutions and the theory of the Laplace and z-transforms. Little prior knowledge of the subject is required other than a firm grounding in the main techniques of differential equation theory. As a result, this book provides an invaluable reference to the recent work both for mathematicians and for all those whose research includes the study of this fascinating class of differential equations.

This monograph presents a systematic theory of weak solutions in Hilbert-Sobolev spaces of initial-boundary value problems for parabolic systems of partial differential equations with general essential and natural boundary conditions and minimal hypotheses on coefficients. Applications to quasilinear systems are given, including local existence for large data, global existence near an attractor, the Leray and Hopf theorems for the Navier-Stokes equations and results concerning invariant regions. Supplementary material is provided, including a self-contained treatment of the calculus of Sobolev functions on the boundaries of Lipschitz domains and a thorough discussion of measurability considerations for elements of Bochner-Sobolev spaces. This book will be particularly useful both for researchers requiring accessible and broadly applicable formulations of standard results as well as for students preparing for research in applied analysis. Readers should be familiar with the basic facts of measure theory and functional analysis, including weak derivatives and Sobolev spaces. Prior work in partial differential equations is helpful but not required.

In the last decades, functional methods played an increasing role in the qualita tive theory of partial differential equations. The spectral methods and theory of C 0 semigroups of linear operators as well as Leray-Schauder degree theory, ?xed point theorems, and theory of maximal monotone nonlinear operators are now essential functional tools for the treatment of linear and nonlinear boundary value problems associated with partial differential equations. An important step was the extension in the early seventies of the nonlinear dy namics of accretive (dissipative) type of the Hille-Yosida theory of C semigroups 0 of linear continuous operators. The main achievement was that the Cauchy problem associated with nonlinear m accretive operators in Banach spaces is well posed and the corresponding dynamic is expressed by the Peano exponential formula from ?nite dimensional theory. This fundamental result is the corner stone of the whole existence theory of nonlinear in?nite dynamics of dissipative type and its contri bution to the development of the modern theory of nonlinear partial differential equations cannot be underestimated.

Topics in Fractional Differential Equationsis devoted to the existence and uniqueness of solutions for various classes of Darboux problems for hyperbolic differential equations or inclusions involving the Caputo fractional derivative. Fractional calculus generalizes the integrals and derivatives to non-integer orders. During the last decade, fractional calculus was found to play a fundamental role in the modeling of a considerable number of phenomena; in particular the modeling of memory-dependent and complex media such as porous media. It has emerged as an important tool for the study of dynamical systems where classical methods reveal strong limitations. Some equations present delays which may be finite, infinite, or state-dependent. Others are subject to an impulsive effect. The above problems are studied using the fixed point approach, the method of upper and lower solution, and the Kuratowski measure of noncompactness. This book is addressed to a wide audience of specialists such as mathematicians, engineers, biologists, and physicists. "

The subject of this book is the solution of stiff differential equations and of differential-algebraic systems (differential equations with constraints). The book is divided into four chapters. The beginning of each chapter is of introductory nature, followed by practical applications, the discussion of numerical results, theoretical investigations on the order and accuracy, linear and nonlinear stability, convergence and asymptotic expansions. Stiff and differential-algebraic problems arise everywhere in scientific computations (e.g., in physics, chemistry, biology, control engineering, electrical network analysis, mechanical systems). Many applications as well as computer programs are presented.

The fundamental contributions of Professor Maz'ya to the theory of function spaces and especially Sobolev spaces are well known and often play a key role in the study of different aspects of the theory, which is demonstrated, in particular, by presented new results and reviews from world-recognized specialists. Sobolev type spaces, extensions, capacities, Sobolev inequalities, pseudo-Poincare inequalities, optimal Hardy-Sobolev-Maz'ya inequalities, Maz'ya's isocapacitary inequalities in a measure-metric space setting and many other actual topics are discussed.

Vladimir Igorevich Arnold is one of the most influential mathematicians of our time. V. I. Arnold launched several mathematical domains (such as modern geometric mechanics, symplectic topology, and topological fluid dynamics) and contributed, in a fundamental way, to the foundations and methods in many subjects, from ordinary differential equations and celestial mechanics to singularity theory and real algebraic geometry. Even a quick look at a partial list of notions named after Arnold already gives an overview of the variety of such theories and domains: KAM (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser) theory, The Arnold conjectures in symplectic topology, The Hilbert-Arnold problem for the number of zeros of abelian integrals, Arnold's inequality, comparison, and complexification method in real algebraic geometry, Arnold-Kolmogorov solution of Hilbert's 13th problem, Arnold's spectral sequence in singularity theory, Arnold diffusion, The Euler-Poincare-Arnold equations for geodesics on Lie groups, Arnold's stability criterion in hydrodynamics, ABC (Arnold-Beltrami-Childress) ?ows in ?uid dynamics, The Arnold-Korkina dynamo, Arnold's cat map, The Arnold-Liouville theorem in integrable systems, Arnold's continued fractions, Arnold's interpretation of the Maslov index, Arnold's relation in cohomology of braid groups, Arnold tongues in bifurcation theory, The Jordan-Arnold normal forms for families of matrices, The Arnold invariants of plane curves. Arnold wrote some 700 papers, and many books, including 10 university textbooks. He is known for his lucid writing style, which combines mathematical rigour with physical and geometric intuition. Arnold's books on Ordinarydifferentialequations and Mathematical methodsofclassicalmechanics became mathematical bestsellers and integral parts of the mathematical education of students throughout the world.

Drawing examplesfrom mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, economics, medicine, politics, and sports, this book illustrates how nonlinear dynamics plays a vital role in our world. Examples cover a wide range from the spread and possible control of communicable diseases, to the lack of predictability in long-range weather forecasting, to competition between political groups and nations.

After an introductorychapter that explores what it means to be nonlinear, the book covers the mathematical conceptssuch as limit cycles, fractals, chaos, bifurcations, and solitons, that will be applied throughout the book. Numerous computer simulations and exercises allow students to explore topics in greater depth using the Maple computer algebra system. The mathematical level of the text assumes prior exposure to ordinary differential equations and familiarity with the wave and diffusion equations.No prior knowledge of Maple is assumed.

The book may be used at the undergraduate or graduate level to prepare science and engineering students for problems in the "real world," or for self-study by practicing scientists and engineers."

The volume contains carefully selected papers presented at the International Conference on Differential & Difference Equations and Applications held in Ponta Delgada - Azores, from July 4-8, 2011 in honor of Professor Ravi P. Agarwal. The objective of the gathering was to bring together researchers in the fields of differential & difference equations and to promote the exchange of ideas and research. The papers cover all areas of differential and difference equations with a special emphasis on applications.

This book presents eleven peer-reviewed papers from the 3rd International Conference on Applications of Mathematics and Informatics in Natural Sciences and Engineering (AMINSE2017) held in Tbilisi, Georgia in December 2017. Written by researchers from the region (Georgia, Russia, Turkey) and from Western countries (France, Germany, Italy, Luxemburg, Spain, USA), it discusses key aspects of mathematics and informatics, and their applications in natural sciences and engineering. Featuring theoretical, practical and numerical contributions, the book appeals to scientists from various disciplines interested in applications of mathematics and informatics in natural sciences and engineering.

This book teaches basic methods of partial differential equations and introduces related important ideas associated with the analysis of numerical methods for those partial differential equations. Coverage details such topics as separation of variables, Fourier analysis, maximum principles, and energy estimates. The book introduces numerical methods in parallel to the classical theory and also includes many engaging exercises.

Haim Brezis has made significant contributions in the fields of partial differential equations and functional analysis, and this volume collects contributions by his former students and collaborators in honor of his 60th anniversary at a conference in Gaeta. It presents new developments in the theory of partial differential equations with emphasis on elliptic and parabolic problems.

This handbook is the second volume in a series devoted to self contained and up-to-date surveys in the theory of ordinary differential equations, written
by leading researchers in the area. All contributors have made an additional effort to achieve readability for mathematicians and scientists from other related fields, in order to make the chapters of the volume accessible to a wide audience.
. Six chapters covering a variety of problems in ordinary differential equations.
. Both, pure mathematical research and real word applications are reflected
. Written by leading researchers in the area.