Periodic differential operators have a rich mathematical theory as well as important physical applications. They have been the subject of intensive development for over a century and remain a fertile research area. This book lays out the theoretical foundations and then moves on to give a coherent account of more recent results, relating in particular to the eigenvalue and spectral theory of the Hill and Dirac equations. The book will be valuable to advanced students and academics both for general reference and as an introduction to active research topics.

Enables readers to apply the fundamentals of differential calculus to solve real-life problems in engineering and the physical sciences

Introduction to Differential Calculus fully engages readers by presenting the fundamental theories and methods of differential calculus and then showcasing how the discussed concepts can be applied to real-world problems in engineering and the physical sciences. With its easy-to-follow style and accessible explanations, the book sets a solid foundation before advancing to specific calculus methods, demonstrating the connections between differential calculus theory and its applications.

The first five chapters introduce underlying concepts such as algebra, geometry, coordinate geometry, and trigonometry. Subsequent chapters present a broad range of theories, methods, and applications in differential calculus, including:

Concepts of function, continuity, and derivative

Properties of exponential and logarithmic function

Inverse trigonometric functions and their properties

Derivatives of higher order

Methods to find maximum and minimum values of a function

Hyperbolic functions and their properties

Readers are equipped with the necessary tools to quickly learn how to understand a broad range of current problems throughout the physical sciences and engineering that can only be solved with calculus. Examples throughout provide practical guidance, and practice problems and exercises allow for further development and fine-tuning of various calculus skills. Introduction to Differential Calculus is an excellent book for upper-undergraduate calculus courses and is also an ideal reference for students and professionals alike who would like to gain a further understanding of the use of calculus to solve problems in a simplified manner.

This engaging text describes the development of singular perturbations, including its history, accumulating literature, and its current status. While the approach of the text is sophisticated, the literature is accessible to a broad audience. A particularly valuable bonus are the historical remarks. These remarks are found throughout the manuscript. They demonstrate the growth of mathematical thinking on this topic by engineers and mathematicians. The book focuses on detailing how the various methods are to be applied. These are illustrated by a number and variety of examples. Readers are expected to have a working knowledge of elementary ordinary differential equations, including some familiarity with power series techniques, and of some advanced calculus. Dr. O'Malley has written a number of books on singular perturbations. This book has developed from many of his works in the field of perturbation theory.

This book presents most of the techniques used in the microlocal treatment of semiclassical problems coming from quantum physics. Both the standard C8 pseudodifferential calculus and the analytic microlocal analysis is developed, in a context which remains intentionally global so that only the relevant difficulties of the theory are encountered. The originality lies in the fact that the main features of analytic microlocal analysis are derived from a single and elementary a priori estimate. Various exercises illustrate the chief results of each chapter while introducing the reader to further developments of the theory. This book is aimed at non-specialists of the subject and the only required prerequisite is a basic knowledge of the theory of distributions.

This book gives a unified treatment of a variety of mathematical systems generating densities, ranging from one-dimensional discrete time transformations through continuous time systems described by integro-partial-differential equations. Examples have been drawn from a variety of the sciences to illustrate the utility of the techniques presented. This material was organized and written to be accessible to scientists with knowledge of advanced calculus and differential equations. In various concepts from measure theory, ergodic theory, the geometry of manifolds, partial differential equations, probability theory and Markov processes, and chastic integrals and differential equations are introduced. The past few years have witnessed an explosive growth in interest in physical, biological, and economic systems that could be profitably studied using densities. Due to the general inaccessibility of the mathematical literature to the non-mathematician, there has been little diffusion of the concepts and techniques from ergodic theory into the study of these "chaotic" systems. This book intends to bridge that gap.

Strongly coupled (or cross-diffusion) systems of parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations appear in many physical applications. This book presents a new approach to the solvability of general strongly coupled systems, a much more difficult problem in contrast to the scalar case, by unifying, elucidating and extending breakthrough results obtained by the author, and providing solutions to many open fundamental questions in the theory. Several examples in mathematical biology and ecology are also included. Contents Interpolation Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities The parabolic systems The elliptic systems Cross-diffusion systems of porous media type Nontrivial steady-state solutions The duality RBMO( )-H1( )| Some algebraic inequalities Partial regularity

In recent years, the Fourier analysis methods have expereinced a growing interest in the study of partial differential equations. In particular, those techniques based on the Littlewood-Paley decomposition have proved to be very efficient for the study of evolution equations. The present book aims at presenting self-contained, state- of- the- art models of those techniques with applications to different classes of partial differential equations: transport, heat, wave and Schrodinger equations. It also offers more sophisticated models originating from fluid mechanics (in particular the incompressible and compressible Navier-Stokes equations) or general relativity.

It is either directed to anyone with a good undergraduate level of knowledge in analysis or useful for experts who are eager to know the benefit that one might gain from Fourier analysis when dealing with nonlinear partial differential equations.

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Since the first edition of this book, geometrical methods in the theory of ordinary differential equations have become very popular and some progress has been made partly with the help of computers. Much of this progress is represented in this revised, expanded edition, including such topics as the Feigenbaum universality of period doubling, the Zoladec solution, the Iljashenko proof, the Ecalle and Voronin theory, the Varchenko and Hovanski theorems, and the Neistadt theory. In the selection of material for this book, the author explains basic ideas and methods applicable to the study of differential equations. Special efforts were made to keep the basic ideas free from excessive technicalities. Thus the most fundamental questions are considered in great detail, while of the more special and difficult parts of the theory have the character of a survey. Consequently, the reader needs only a general mathematical knowledge to easily follow this text. It is directed to mathematicians, as well as all users of the theory of differential equations.

Continuing the theme of the first, this second volume continues the study of the uses and techniques of numerical experimentation in the solution of PDEs. It includes topics such as initial-boundary-value problems, a complete survey of theory and numerical methods for conservation laws, and numerical schemes for elliptic PDEs. The author stresses the use of technology and graphics throughout for both illustration and analysis.

This book offers a comprehensive collection of the most advanced numerical techniques for the efficient and effective solution of simulation and optimization problems governed by systems of time-dependent differential equations. The contributions present various approaches to time domain decomposition, focusing on multiple shooting and parareal algorithms. The range of topics covers theoretical analysis of the methods, as well as their algorithmic formulation and guidelines for practical implementation. Selected examples show that the discussed approaches are mandatory for the solution of challenging practical problems. The practicability and efficiency of the presented methods is illustrated by several case studies from fluid dynamics, data compression, image processing and computational biology, giving rise to possible new research topics. This volume, resulting from the workshop Multiple Shooting and Time Domain Decomposition Methods, held in Heidelberg in May 2013, will be of great interest to applied mathematicians, computer scientists and all scientists using mathematical methods.

Iterative Splitting Methods for Differential Equations explains how to solve evolution equations via novel iterative-based splitting methods that efficiently use computational and memory resources. It focuses on systems of parabolic and hyperbolic equations, including convection-diffusion-reaction equations, heat equations, and wave equations.

In the theoretical part of the book, the author discusses the main theorems and results of the stability and consistency analysis for ordinary differential equations. He then presents extensions of the iterative splitting methods to partial differential equations and spatial- and time-dependent differential equations.

The practical part of the text applies the methods to benchmark and real-life problems, such as waste disposal, elastics wave propagation, and complex flow phenomena. The book also examines the benefits of equation decomposition. It concludes with a discussion on several useful software packages, including r3t and FIDOS.

Covering a wide range of theoretical and practical issues in multiphysics and multiscale problems, this book explores the benefits of using iterative splitting schemes to solve physical problems. It illustrates how iterative operator splitting methods are excellent decomposition methods for obtaining higher-order accuracy.

Since the year 2000, we have witnessed several outstanding results in geometry that have solved long-standing problems such as the Poincare conjecture, the Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture, and the Willmore conjecture. There are still many important and challenging unsolved problems including, among others, the Strominger-Yau-Zaslow conjecture on mirror symmetry, the relative Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture in Kahler geometry, the Hopf conjecture, and the Yau conjecture on the first eigenvalue of an embedded minimal hypersurface of the sphere. For the younger generation to approach such problems and obtain the required techniques, it is of the utmost importance to provide them with up-to-date information from leading specialists.The geometry conference for the friendship of China and Japan has achieved this purpose during the past 10 years. Their talks deal with problems at the highest level, often accompanied with solutions and ideas, which extend across various fields in Riemannian geometry, symplectic and contact geometry, and complex geometry.

SMath is a free mathematical notebook program similar to Mathcad that provides many options for studying and solving complex mathematical equations.

In recent years the mathematical modeling of charge transport in semi conductors has become a thriving area in applied mathematics. The drift diffusion equations, which constitute the most popular model for the simula tion of the electrical behavior of semiconductor devices, are by now mathe matically quite well understood. As a consequence numerical methods have been developed, which allow for reasonably efficient computer simulations in many cases of practical relevance. Nowadays, research on the drift diffu sion model is of a highly specialized nature. It concentrates on the explora tion of possibly more efficient discretization methods (e.g. mixed finite elements, streamline diffusion), on the improvement of the performance of nonlinear iteration and linear equation solvers, and on three dimensional applications. The ongoing miniaturization of semiconductor devices has prompted a shift of the focus of the modeling research lately, since the drift diffusion model does not account well for charge transport in ultra integrated devices. Extensions of the drift diffusion model (so called hydrodynamic models) are under investigation for the modeling of hot electron effects in submicron MOS-transistors, and supercomputer technology has made it possible to employ kinetic models (semiclassical Boltzmann-Poisson and Wigner Poisson equations) for the simulation of certain highly integrated devices."

Preface Constructing nonlinear parameter-dependent mathematical models is essential in modeling in many scientific research fields. The investigation of branching (bifurcating) solutions of such equations is one of the most important aspects in the analysis of such models. The foundations of the theory of bifurca- tions for the functional equations were laid in the well known publications by AM. Lyapunov (1906) [1, vol. 4] (on equilibrium forms of rotating liq- uids) and E. Schmidt (1908) [1]. The approach proposed by them has been throughly developed and is presently known as the Lyapunov-Schmidt method (see M.M. Vainberg and V.A Trenogin [1, 2]). A valuable part in the founda- tions of the bifurcation theory belongs to A. Poincares ideas [1]. Later, to the end of proving the theorems on existence of bifurcation points, infinite-dimensional generalizations of topological and variational methods were proposed by M.A Krasnoselsky [1], M.M. Vainberg [1] and others. A great contribution to the development and applications of the bifurcation theory has been made by a number of famous 20th century pure and applied mathe- maticians (for example, see the bibliography in E. Zeidler [1]).

This book studies the existence and uniqueness of solutions to parabolic-type equations with irregular coefficients and/or initial conditions. It elaborates on the DiPerna-Lions theory of renormalized solutions to linear transport equations and related equations, and also examines the connection between the results on the partial differential equation and the well-posedness of the underlying stochastic/ordinary differential equation.

"Progress in Partial Differential Equations" is devoted to modern topics in the theory of partial differential equations. It consists of both original articles and survey papers covering a wide scope of research topics in partial differential equations and their applications. The contributors were participants of the 8th ISAAC congress in Moscow in 2011 or aremembers of the PDE interest group of the ISAAC society.

This volume is addressed to graduate students at various levels as well as researchers in partial differential equations and related fields. The readers will find this an excellent resource of both introductory and advanced material. The key topics are:

Linear hyperbolic equations and systems (scattering, symmetrisers)
Non-linear wave models (global existence, decay estimates, blow-up)
Evolution equations (control theory, well-posedness, smoothing)
Elliptic equations (uniqueness, non-uniqueness, positive solutions)
Special models from applications (Kirchhoff equation, Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation, thermoelasticity)

This book offers a valuable methodological approach to the state-of-the-art of the classical plate/shell mathematical models, exemplifying the vast range of mathematical models of nonlinear dynamics and statics of continuous mechanical structural members. The main objective highlights the need for further study of the classical problem of shell dynamics consisting of mathematical modeling, derivation of nonlinear PDEs, and of finding their solutions based on the development of new and effective numerical techniques. The book is designed for a broad readership of graduate students in mechanical and civil engineering, applied mathematics, and physics, as well as to researchers and professionals interested in a rigorous and comprehensive study of modeling non-linear phenomena governed by PDEs.

Starting with the fundamentals of Q spaces and their relationships to Besov spaces, this book presents all major results around Q spaces obtained in the past 16 years. The applications of Q spaces in the study of the incompressible Navier-Stokes system and its stationary form are also discussed. This self-contained book can be used as an essential reference for researchers and graduates in analysis and partial differential equations.

Sofia Kovalevskaya was a brilliant and determined young Russian woman of the 19th century who wanted to become a mathematician and who succeeded, in often difficult circumstances, in becoming arguably the first woman to have a professional university career in the way we understand it today. This memoir, written by a mathematician who specialises in symplectic geometry and integrable systems, is a personal exploration of the life, the writings and the mathematical achievements of a remarkable woman. It emphasises the originality of Kovalevskaya's work and assesses her legacy and reputation as a mathematician and scientist. Her ideas are explained in a way that is accessible to a general audience, with diagrams, marginal notes and commentary to help explain the mathematical concepts and provide context. This fascinating book, which also examines Kovalevskaya's love of literature, will be of interest to historians looking for a treatment of the mathematics, and those doing feminist or gender studies.

Combining traditional differential equation material with a modern qualitative and systems approach, this new edition continues to deliver flexibility of use and extensive problem sets. The second edition's refreshed presentation includes extensive new visuals, as well as updated exercises throughout.

Oscillation theory was born with Sturm's work in 1836. It has been flourishing for the past fifty years. Nowadays it is a full, self-contained discipline, turning more towards nonlinear and functional differential equations. Oscillation theory flows along two main streams. The first aims to study prop erties which are common to all linear differential equations. The other restricts its area of interest to certain families of equations and studies in maximal details phenomena which characterize only those equations. Among them we find third and fourth order equations, self adjoint equations, etc. Our work belongs to the second type and considers two term linear equations modeled after y(n) + p(x)y = O. More generally, we investigate LnY + p(x)y = 0, where Ln is a disconjugate operator and p(x) has a fixed sign. These equations enjoy a very rich structure and are the natural generalization of the Sturm-Liouville operator. Results about such equations are distributed over hundreds of research papers, many of them are reinvented again and again and the same phenomenon is frequently discussed from various points of view and different definitions of the authors. Our aim is to introduce an order into this plenty and arrange it in a unified and self contained way. The results are readapted and presented in a unified approach. In many cases completely new proofs are given and in no case is the original proof copied verbatim. Many new results are included."

This book is on soliton solutions of elliptical partial differential equations arising in quantum field theory, such as vortices, instantons, monopoles, dyons, and cosmic strings. The book presents in-depth description of the problems of current interest, forging a link between mathematical analysis and physics and seeking to stimulate further research in the area. Physically, it touches the major branches of field theory: classical mechanics, special relativity, Maxwell equations, superconductivity, Yang-Mills gauge theory, general relativity, and cosmology. Mathematically, it involves Riemannian geometry, Lie groups and Lie algebras, algebraic topology (characteristic classes and homotropy) and emphasizes modern nonlinear functional analysis. There are many interesting and challenging problems in the area of classical field theory, and while this area has long been of interest to algebraists, geometers, and topologists, it has gradually begun to attract the attention of more analysts. This book written for researchers and graduate students will appeal to high-energy and condensed-matter physicists, mathematicians, and mathematical scientists.

The numerical treatment of partial differential equations with particle methods and meshfree discretization techniques is an extremely active research field, both in the mathematics and engineering communities. Meshfree methods are becoming increasingly mainstream in various applications. Due to their independence of a mesh, particle schemes and meshfree methods can deal with large geometric changes of the domain more easily than classical discretization techniques. Furthermore, meshfree methods offer a promising approach for the coupling of particle models to continuous models. This volume of LNCSE is a collection of the papers from the proceedings of the Fifth International Workshop on Meshfree Methods, held in Bonn in August 2009. The articles address the different meshfree methods and their use in applied mathematics, physics and engineering. The volume is intended to foster this highly active and exciting area of interdisciplinary research and to present recent advances and findings in this field.

This monograph surveys the theory of quantitative homogenization for second-order linear elliptic systems in divergence form with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients in a bounded domain. It begins with a review of the classical qualitative homogenization theory, and addresses the problem of convergence rates of solutions. The main body of the monograph investigates various interior and boundary regularity estimates that are uniform in the small parameter e>0. Additional topics include convergence rates for Dirichlet eigenvalues and asymptotic expansions of fundamental solutions, Green functions, and Neumann functions. The monograph is intended for advanced graduate students and researchers in the general areas of analysis and partial differential equations. It provides the reader with a clear and concise exposition of an important and currently active area of quantitative homogenization.