This monograph presents teaching material in the field of differential equations while addressing applications and topics in electrical and biomedical engineering primarily. The book contains problems with varying levels of difficulty, including Matlab simulations. The target audience comprises advanced undergraduate and graduate students as well as lecturers, but the book may also be beneficial for practicing engineers alike.

The aim of this Handbook is to acquaint the reader with the current status of the theory of evolutionary partial differential equations, and with some of its applications. Evolutionary partial differential equations made their first appearance in the 18th century, in the endeavor to understand the motion of fluids and other continuous media. The active research effort over the span of two centuries, combined with the wide variety of physical phenomena that had to be explained, has resulted in an enormous body of literature. Any attempt to produce a comprehensive survey would be futile. The aim here is to collect review articles, written by leading experts, which will highlight the present and expected future directions of development of the field. The emphasis will be on nonlinear equations, which pose the most challenging problems today.
. Volume I of this Handbook does focus on the abstract theory of evolutionary equations.
. Volume 2 considers more concrete problems relating to specific applications.
. Together they provide a panorama of this amazingly complex and rapidly developing branch of mathematics.

As long as algebra and geometry proceeded along separate paths, their advance was slow and their applications limited. But when these sciences joined company they drew from each other fresh vitality and thenceforward marched on at rapid pace towards perfection Joseph L. Lagrange The theory of differential equations is one of the largest elds within mathematics and probably most graduates in mathematics have attended at least one course on differentialequations. But differentialequationsare also offundamentalimportance in most applied sciences; whenever a continuous process is modelled mathem- ically, chances are high that differential equations appear. So it does not surprise that many textbooks exist on both ordinary and partial differential equations. But the huge majority of these books makes an implicit assumption on the structure of the equations: either one deals with scalar equations or with normal systems, i. e. with systems in Cauchy-Kovalevskaya form. The main topic of this book is what happens, if this popular assumption is dropped. This is not just an academic exercise; non-normal systems are ubiquitous in - plications. Classical examples include the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations of uid dynamics, Maxwell's equations of electrodynamics, the Yang-Mills eq- tions of the fundamental gauge theories in modern particle physics or Einstein's equations of general relativity. But also the simulation and control of multibody systems, electrical circuits or chemical reactions lead to non-normal systems of - dinary differential equations, often called differential algebraic equations. In fact, most of the differentialequationsnowadaysencounteredby engineersand scientists are probably not normal.

This edited volume highlights the scientific contributions of Volker Mehrmann, a leading expert in the area of numerical (linear) algebra, matrix theory, differential-algebraic equations and control theory. These mathematical research areas are strongly related and often occur in the same real-world applications. The main areas where such applications emerge are computational engineering and sciences, but increasingly also social sciences and economics. This book also reflects some of Volker Mehrmann's major career stages. Starting out working in the areas of numerical linear algebra (his first full professorship at TU Chemnitz was in "Numerical Algebra," hence the title of the book) and matrix theory, Volker Mehrmann has made significant contributions to these areas ever since. The highlights of these are discussed in Parts I and II of the present book. Often the development of new algorithms in numerical linear algebra is motivated by problems in system and control theory. These and his later major work on differential-algebraic equations, to which he together with Peter Kunkel made many groundbreaking contributions, are the topic of the chapters in Part III. Besides providing a scientific discussion of Volker Mehrmann's work and its impact on the development of several areas of applied mathematics, the individual chapters stand on their own as reference works for selected topics in the fields of numerical (linear) algebra, matrix theory, differential-algebraic equations and control theory.

This volume contains the proceedings of the XII Symposium of Probability and Stochastic Processes which took place at Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan in Merida, Mexico, on November 16-20, 2015. This meeting was the twelfth meeting in a series of ongoing biannual meetings aimed at showcasing the research of Mexican probabilists as well as promote new collaborations between the participants. The book features articles drawn from different research areas in probability and stochastic processes, such as: risk theory, limit theorems, stochastic partial differential equations, random trees, stochastic differential games, stochastic control, and coalescence. Two of the main manuscripts survey recent developments on stochastic control and scaling limits of Markov-branching trees, written by Kazutoshi Yamasaki and Benedicte Haas, respectively. The research-oriented manuscripts provide new advances in active research fields in Mexico. The wide selection of topics makes the book accessible to advanced graduate students and researchers in probability and stochastic processes.

This book is written to meet the needs of undergraduates in applied mathematics, physics and engineering studying partial differential equations. It is a more modern, comprehensive treatment intended for students who need more than the purely numerical solutions provided by programs like the MATLAB PDE Toolbox, and those obtained by the method of separation of variables, which is usually the only theoretical approach found in the majority of elementary textbooks.
This will fill a need in the market for a more modern text for future working engineers, and one that students can read and understand much more easily than those currently on the market.
* Includes new and important materials necessary to meet current demands made by diverse applications
* Very detailed solutions to odd numbered problems to help students
* Instructor's Manual Available

Experts of fluid dynamics agree that turbulence is nonlinear and nonlocal. Because of a direct correspondence, nonlocality also implies fractionality. Fractional dynamics is the physics related to fractal (geometrical) systems and is described by fractional calculus. Up-to-present, numerous criticisms of linear and local theories of turbulence have been published. Nonlinearity has established itself quite well, but so far only a very small number of general nonlocal concepts and no concrete nonlocal turbulent flow solutions were available. This book presents the first analytical and numerical solutions of elementary turbulent flow problems, mainly based on a nonlocal closure. Considerations involve anomalous diffusion (Levy flights), fractal geometry (fractal- , bi-fractal and multi-fractal model) and fractional dynamics. Examples include a new 'law of the wall' and a generalization of Kraichnan's energy-enstrophy spectrum that is in harmony with non-extensive and non-equilibrium thermodynamics (Tsallis thermodynamics) and experiments. Furthermore, the presented theories of turbulence reveal critical and cooperative phenomena in analogy with phase transitions in other physical systems, e.g., binary fluids, para-ferromagnetic materials, etc.; the two phases of turbulence identifying the laminar streaks and coherent vorticity-rich structures. This book is intended, apart from fluids specialists, for researchers in physics, as well as applied and numerical mathematics, who would like to acquire knowledge about alternative approaches involved in the analytical and numerical treatment of turbulence.

This handbook is volume III in a series devoted to stationary partial differential quations. Similarly as volumes I and II, it is a collection of self contained state-of-the-art surveys written by well known experts in the field. The topics covered by this handbook include singular and higher order equations, problems near critically, problems with anisotropic nonlinearities, dam problem, T-convergence and Schauder-type estimates. These surveys will be useful for both beginners and experts and speed up the progress of corresponding (rapidly developing and fascinating) areas of mathematics.

Key features:

- Written by well-known experts in the field
- Self-contained volume in series covering one of the most rapid developing topics in mathematics
- Written by well-known experts in the field
- Self-contained volume in series covering one of the most rapid developing topics in mathematics

Traditionally a subject of number theory, continued fractions appear in dynamical systems, algebraic geometry, topology, and even celestial mechanics. The rise of computational geometry has resulted in renewed interest in multidimensional generalizations of continued fractions. Numerous classical theorems have been extended to the multidimensional case, casting light on phenomena in diverse areas of mathematics. This book introduces a new geometric vision of continued fractions. It covers several applications to questions related to such areas as Diophantine approximation, algebraic number theory, and toric geometry. The reader will find an overview of current progress in the geometric theory of multidimensional continued fractions accompanied by currently open problems. Whenever possible, we illustrate geometric constructions with figures and examples. Each chapter has exercises useful for undergraduate or graduate courses.

'I never heard of "Ugli?cation," Alice ventured to say. 'What is it?'' Lewis Carroll, "Alice in Wonderland" Subject and motivation. The present book is devoted to a theory of m- tipliers in spaces of di?erentiable functions and its applications to analysis, partial di?erential and integral equations. By a multiplier acting from one functionspaceS intoanotherS, wemeanafunctionwhichde?nesabounded 1 2 linear mapping ofS intoS by pointwise multiplication. Thus with any pair 1 2 of spacesS, S we associate a third one, the space of multipliersM(S?S ) 1 2 1 2 endowed with the norm of the operator of multiplication. In what follows, the role of the spacesS andS is played by Sobolev spaces, Bessel potential 1 2 spaces, Besov spaces, and the like. The Fourier multipliers are not dealt with in this book. In order to emp- size the di?erence between them and the multipliers under consideration, we attach Sobolev's name to the latter. By coining the term Sobolev multipliers we just hint at various spaces of di?erentiable functions of Sobolev's type, being fully aware that Sobolev never worked on multipliers. After all, Fourier never did either.

This fascinating book is a treatise on real space-age materials. It is a mathematical treatment of a novel concept in material science that characterizes the properties of dynamic materials-that is, material substances whose properties are variable in space and time. Unlike conventional composites that are often found in nature, dynamic materials are mostly the products of modern technology developed to maintain the most effective control over dynamic processes.

This unique book's subject is meanders (connected, oriented, non-self-intersecting planar curves intersecting the horizontal line transversely) in the context of dynamical systems. By interpreting the transverse intersection points as vertices and the arches arising from these curves as directed edges, meanders are introduced from the graphtheoretical perspective. Supplementing the rigorous results, mathematical methods, constructions, and examples of meanders with a large number of insightful figures, issues such as connectivity and the number of connected components of meanders are studied in detail with the aid of collapse and multiple collapse, forks, and chambers. Moreover, the author introduces a large class of Morse meanders by utilizing the right and left one-shift maps, and presents connections to Sturm global attractors, seaweed and Frobenius Lie algebras, and the classical Yang-Baxter equation. Contents Seaweed Meanders Meanders Morse Meanders and Sturm Global Attractors Right and Left One-Shifts Connection Graphs of Type I, II, III and IV Meanders and the Temperley-Lieb Algebra Representations of Seaweed Lie Algebras CYBE and Seaweed Meanders

This book covers high order finite difference methods for time dependent PDE. It gives an overview of the basic theory and construction principles by using model examples. The book also contains a general presentation of the techniques and results for well-posedness and stability, with inclusion of the three fundamental methods of analysis both for PDE in its original and discretized form: the Fourier transform, the eneregy method and the Laplace transform.

Discontinuous dynamical systems have played an important role in both theory and applications during the last several decades. This is still an area of active research and techniques to make the applications more effective are an ongoing topic of interest. Principles of Discontinuous Dynamical Systems is devoted to the theory of differential equations with variable moments of impulses. It introduces a new strategy of implementing an equivalence to systems whose solutions have prescribed moments of impulses and utilizing special topologies in spaces of piecewise continuous functions. The achievements obtained on the basis of this approach are described in this book. The text progresses systematically, by covering preliminaries in the first four chapters. This is followed by more complex material and special topics such as Hopf bifurcation, Devaney's chaos, and the shadowing property are discussed in the last two chapters. This book is suitable for researchers and graduate students in mathematics and also in diverse areas such as biology, computer science, and engineering who deal with real world problems.

This book presents as its main subject new models in mathematical neuroscience. A wide range of neural networks models with discontinuities are discussed, including impulsive differential equations, differential equations with piecewise constant arguments, and models of mixed type. These models involve discontinuities, which are natural because huge velocities and short distances are usually observed in devices modeling the networks. A discussion of the models, appropriate for the proposed applications, is also provided.

The material of the present book has been used for graduate-level courses at the University of Ia i during the past ten years. It is a revised version of a book which appeared in Romanian in 1993 with the Publishing House of the Romanian Academy. The book focuses on classical boundary value problems for the principal equations of mathematical physics: second order elliptic equations (the Poisson equations), heat equations and wave equations. The existence theory of second order elliptic boundary value problems was a great challenge for nineteenth century mathematics and its development was marked by two decisive steps. Undoubtedly, the first one was the Fredholm proof in 1900 of the existence of solutions to Dirichlet and Neumann problems, which represented a triumph of the classical theory of partial differential equations. The second step is due to S. 1. Sobolev (1937) who introduced the concept of weak solution in partial differential equations and inaugurated the modern theory of boundary value problems. The classical theory which is a product ofthe nineteenth century, is concerned with smooth (continuously differentiable) sollutions and its methods rely on classical analysis and in particular on potential theory. The modern theory concerns distributional (weak) solutions and relies on analysis of Sob ole v spaces and functional methods. The same distinction is valid for the boundary value problems associated with heat and wave equations. Both aspects of the theory are present in this book though it is not exhaustive in any sense.

This self-tutorial offers a concise yet thorough introduction into the mathematical analysis of approximation methods for partial differential equation. A particular emphasis is put on finite element methods. The unique approach first summarizes and outlines the finite-element mathematics in general and then in the second and major part, formulates problem examples that clearly demonstrate the techniques of functional analysis via numerous and diverse exercises. The solutions of the problems are given directly afterwards. Using this approach, the author motivates and encourages the reader to actively acquire the knowledge of finite- element methods instead of passively absorbing the material as in most standard textbooks. This English edition is based on the Finite Element Methods for Engineering Sciences by Joel Chaskalovic.

The future of oncology seems to lie in Molecular Medicine (MM). MM is a new science based on three pillars. Two of them are evident in its very name and are well known: medical science and molecular biology. However, there is a general unawareness that MM is firmly based on a third, and equally important, pillar: Systems Biomedicine. Currently, this term denotes multilevel, hierarchical models integrating key factors at the molecular, cellular, tissue, through phenotype levels, analyzed to reveal the global behavior of the biological process under consideration. It becomes increasingly evident that the tools to construct such complex models include, not only bioinformatics and modern applied statistics, as is unanimously agreed, but also other interdisciplinary fields of science, notably, Mathematical Oncology, Systems Biology and Theoretical Biophysics.

This book explores finite element methods for incompressible flow problems: Stokes equations, stationary Navier-Stokes equations and time-dependent Navier-Stokes equations. It focuses on numerical analysis, but also discusses the practical use of these methods and includes numerical illustrations. It also provides a comprehensive overview of analytical results for turbulence models. The proofs are presented step by step, allowing readers to more easily understand the analytical techniques.

In developing the tools necessary for the study of complex manifolds, this comprehensive, well-organized treatment presents in its opening chapters a detailed survey of recent progress in four areas: geometry (manifolds with vector bundles), algebraic topology, differential geometry, and partial differential equations. Subsequent chapters then develop such topics as Hermitian exterior algebra and the Hodge - operator, harmonic theory on compact manifolds, differential operators on a Kahler manifold, the Hodge decomposition theorem on compact Kahler manifolds, the Hodge-Riemann bilinear relations on Kahler manifolds Griffiths' period mapping, quadratic transformations, and Kodaira's vanishing and embedding theorems. The third edition of this standard reference contains a new appendix by Oscar Garcia-Prada which gives an overview of the developments in the field during the decades since the book appeared.

The purpose of this book is to present modern developments and applications of the techniques of modulus or extremal length of path families in the study of m- n pings in R, n? 2, and in metric spaces. The modulus method was initiated by Lars Ahlfors and Arne Beurling to study conformal mappings. Later this method was extended and enhanced by several other authors. The techniques are geom- ric and have turned out to be an indispensable tool in the study of quasiconformal and quasiregular mappings as well as their generalizations. The book is based on rather recent research papers and extends the modulus method beyond the classical applications of the modulus techniques presented in many monographs. Helsinki O. Martio Donetsk V. Ryazanov Haifa U. Srebro Holon E. Yakubov 2007 Contents 1 Introduction and Notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 Moduli and Capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. 2 Moduli in Metric Spaces. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 2. 3 Conformal Modulus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2. 4 Geometric De nition for Quasiconformality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 2. 5 Modulus Estimates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 2. 6 Upper Gradients and ACC Functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 p n 2. 7 ACC Functions in R and Capacity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 p 2. 8 Linear Dilatation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 2. 9 Analytic De nition for Quasiconformality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 n 2. 10 R as a Loewner Space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 2. 11 Quasisymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 3 Moduli and Domains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3. 1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 3. 2 QED Exceptional Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 3. 3 QED Domains and Their Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 3. 4 UniformandQuasicircleDomains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The international conference entitled "New Trends in Approximation Theory" was held at the Fields Institute, in Toronto, from July 25 until July 29, 2016. The conference was fondly dedicated to the memory of our unique friend and colleague, Andre Boivin, who gave tireless service in Canada until his very last moment of his life in October 2014. The impact of his warm personality and his fine work on Complex Approximation Theory was reflected by the mathematical excellence and the wide research range of the 37 participants. In total there were 27 talks, delivered by well-established mathematicians and young researchers. In particular, 19 invited lectures were delivered by leading experts of the field, from 8 different countries. The wide variety of presentations composed a mosaic of aspects of approximation theory, highlighting interesting connections with important contemporary areas of Analysis. Primary topics discussed include application of approximation theory (isoperimetric inequalities, construction of entire order-isomorphisms, dynamical sampling); approximation by harmonic and holomorphic functions (especially uniform and tangential approximation), polynomial and rational approximation; zeros of approximants and zero-free approximation; tools used in approximation theory; approximation on complex manifolds, in product domains, and in function spaces; and boundary behaviour and universality properties of Taylor and Dirichlet series.

In this book we suggest a unified method of constructing near-minimizers for certain important functionals arising in approximation, harmonic analysis and ill-posed problems and most widely used in interpolation theory. The constructions are based on far-reaching refinements of the classical Calderon Zygmund decomposition. These new Calderon Zygmund decompositions in turn are produced with the help of new covering theorems that combine many remarkable features of classical results established by Besicovitch, Whitney and Wiener. In many cases the minimizers constructed in the book are stable (i.e., remain near-minimizers) under the action of Calderon Zygmund singular integral operators.

The book is divided into two parts. While the new method is presented in great detail in the second part, the first is mainly devoted to the prerequisites needed for a self-contained presentation of the main topic. There we discuss the classical covering results mentioned above, various spectacular applications of the classical Calderon Zygmund decompositions, and the relationship of all this to real interpolation. It also serves as a quick introduction to such important topics as spaces of smooth functions or singular integrals."

This book lays the foundations for a theory on almost periodic stochastic processes and their applications to various stochastic differential equations, functional differential equations with delay, partial differential equations, and difference equations. It is in part a sequel of authors recent work on almost periodic stochastic difference and differential equations and has the particularity to be the first book that is entirely devoted to almost periodic random processes and their applications. The topics treated in it range from existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions for abstract stochastic difference and differential equations.

Singular perturbations occur when a small coefficient affects the highest order derivatives in a system of partial differential equations. From the physical point of view singular perturbations generate in the system under consideration thin layers located often but not always at the boundary of the domains that are called boundary layers or internal layers if the layer is located inside the domain. Important physical phenomena occur in boundary layers. The most common boundary layers appear in fluid mechanics, e.g., the flow of air around an airfoil or a whole airplane, or the flow of air around a car. Also in many instances in geophysical fluid mechanics, like the interface of air and earth, or air and ocean. This self-contained monograph is devoted to the study of certain classes of singular perturbation problems mostly related to thermic, fluid mechanics and optics and where mostly elliptic or parabolic equations in a bounded domain are considered. This book is a fairly unique resource regarding the rigorous mathematical treatment of boundary layer problems. The explicit methodology developed in this book extends in many different directions the concept of correctors initially introduced by J. L. Lions, and in particular the lower- and higher-order error estimates of asymptotic expansions are obtained in the setting of functional analysis. The review of differential geometry and treatment of boundary layers in a curved domain is an additional strength of this book. In the context of fluid mechanics, the outstanding open problem of the vanishing viscosity limit of the Navier-Stokes equations is investigated in this book and solved for a number of particular, but physically relevant cases. This book will serve as a unique resource for those studying singular perturbations and boundary layer problems at the advanced graduate level in mathematics or applied mathematics and may be useful for practitioners in other related fields in science and engineering such as aerodynamics, fluid mechanics, geophysical fluid mechanics, acoustics and optics.