These 22 papers on control of nonlinear partial differential equations highlight the area from a wide variety of viewpoints. They comprise theoretical considerations such as optimality conditions, relaxation, or stabilizability theorems, as well as the development and evaluation of new algorithms. A significant part of the volume is devoted to applications in engineering, continuum mechanics and population biology.

This monograph contains expert knowledge on complex fluid-flows in microfluidic devices. The topical spectrum includes, but is not limited to, aspects such as the analysis, experimental characterization, numerical simulations and numerical optimization. The target audience primarily comprises researchers who intend to embark on activities in microfluidics. The book can also be beneficial as supplementary reading in graduate courses.

In this book we study the degree theory and some of its applications in analysis. It focuses on the recent developments of this theory for Sobolev functions, which distinguishes this book from the currently available literature. We begin with a thorough study of topological degree for continuous functions. The contents of the book include: degree theory for continuous functions, the multiplication theorem, Hopf`s theorem, Brower`s fixed point theorem, odd mappings, Jordan`s separation theorem. Following a brief review of measure theory and Sobolev functions and study local invertibility of Sobolev functions. These results are put to use in the study variational principles in nonlinear elasticity. The Leray-Schauder degree in infinite dimensional spaces is exploited to obtain fixed point theorems. We end the book by illustrating several applications of the degree in the theories of ordinary differential equations and partial differential equations.

Chaos surrounds us. Seemingly random events -- the flapping of a flag, a storm-driven wave striking the shore, a pinball's path -- often appear to have no order, no rational pattern. Explicating the theory of chaos and the consequences of its principal findings -- that actual, precise rules may govern such apparently random behavior -- has been a major part of the work of Edward N. Lorenz. In "The Essence of Chaos," Lorenz presents to the general reader the features of this "new science," with its far-reaching implications for much of modern life, from weather prediction to philosophy, and he describes its considerable impact on emerging scientific fields.

Unlike the phenomena dealt with in relativity theory and quantum mechanics, systems that are now described as "chaotic" can be observed without telescopes or microscopes. They range from the simplest happenings, such as the falling of a leaf, to the most complex processes, like the fluctuations of climate. Each process that qualifies, however, has certain quantifiable characteristics: how it unfolds depends very sensitively upon its present state, so that, even though it is not random, it seems to be. Lorenz uses examples from everyday life, and simple calculations, to show how the essential nature of chaotic systems can be understood. In order to expedite this task, he has constructed a mathematical model of a board sliding down a ski slope as his primary illustrative example. With this model as his base, he explains various chaotic phenomena, including some associated concepts such as strange attractors and bifurcations.

As a meteorologist, Lorenz initially became interested in the field of chaos because of its implications for weather forecasting. In a chapter ranging through the history of weather prediction and meteorology to a brief picture of our current understanding of climate, he introduces many of the researchers who conceived the experiments and theories, and he describes his own initial encounter with chaos.

A further discussion invites readers to make their own chaos. Still others debate the nature of randomness and its relationship to chaotic systems, and describe three related fields of scientific thought: nonlinearity, complexity, and fractality. Appendixes present the first publication of Lorenz's seminal paper "Does the Flap of a Butterfly's Wing in Brazil Set Off a Tornado in Texas?"; the mathematical equations from which the copious illustrations were derived; and a glossary.

This book is an introduction to the mathematical analysis of p- and hp-finite elements applied to elliptic problems in solid and fluid mechanics, and is suitable for graduate students and researchers who have had some prior exposure to finite element methods (FEM). In the last decade the p-, hp-, and spectral element methods have emerged as efficient and robust approximation methods for several classes of problems in this area. The aim of this book is therefore to establish the exponential convergence of such methods for problems with the piecewise analytic solutions which typically arise in engineering. It looks at the variational formulation of boundary value problems with particular emphasis on the regularity of the solution. The books then studies the p- and hp- convergence of FEM in one and two dimensions, supplying complete proofs. Also covered are hp-FEM for saddle point problems and the techniques for establishing the discrete infsup condition. Finally, hp-FEM in solid mechanics and the issue of locking is addressed in the context of these methods.

The subject of nonlinear partial differential equations is experiencing a period of intense activity in the study of systems underlying basic theories in geometry, topology and physics. These mathematical models share the property of being derived from variational principles. Understanding the structure of critical configurations and the dynamics of the corresponding evolution problems is of fundamental importance for the development of the physical theories and their applications. This volume contains survey lectures in four different areas, delivered by leading resarchers at the 1995 Barrett Lectures held at The University of Tennessee: nonlinear hyperbolic systems arising in field theory and relativity (S. Klainerman); harmonic maps from Minkowski spacetime (M. Struwe); dynamics of vortices in the Ginzburg-Landau model of superconductivity (F.-H. Lin); the Seiberg-Witten equations and their application to problems in four-dimensional topology (R. Fintushel). Most of this material has not previously been available in survey form. These lectures provide an up-to-date overview and an introduction to the research literature in each of these areas, which should prove useful to researchers and graduate students in mathematical physics, partial differential equations, differential geometry and topology.

Heun's equation is a second-order differential equation which crops up in a variety of forms in a wide range of problems in applied mathematics. These include integral equations of potential theory, wave propogation, electrostatic oscillation, and Schrodinger's equation. This volume brings together important research work for the first time, providing an important resource for all those interested in this mathematical topic. Both the current theory and the main areas of application are surveyed, and includes contributions from authoritative researchers such as Felix Arscott (Canada), P. Maroni (France), and Gerhard Wolf (Germany).

In this book the authors show that it is possible to construct efficient computationally oriented models of multi-parameter complex systems by using asymptotic methods, which can, owing to their simplicity, be directly used for controlling processes arising in connection with composite material systems. The book focuses on this asymptotic-modeling-based approach because it allows us to define the most important out of numerous parameters describing the system, or, in other words, the asymptotic methods allow us to estimate the sensitivity of the system parameters. Further, the book addresses the construction of nonlocal and higher-order homogenized models. Local fields on the micro-level and the influence of so-called non-ideal contact between the matrix and inclusions are modeled and investigated. The book then studies composites with non-regular structure and cluster type composite conductivity, and analyzes edge effects in fiber composite materials. Transition of load from a fiber to a matrix for elastic and viscoelastic composites, various types of fiber composite fractures, and buckling of fibers in fiber-reinforced composites is also investigated. Last but not least, the book includes studies on perforated membranes, plates, and shells, as well as the asymptotic modeling of imperfect nonlinear interfaces.

The present book is the first of the two volume proceedings of the Mark Krein International Conference on Operator Theory and Applications. This conference, which was dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the prominent mathematician Mark Krein, was held in Odessa, Ukraine, from August 18-22, 1997. The conference focused on the main ideas, methods, results, and achievements of M. G. Krein. This first volume is devoted to the theory of differential operators and related topics. It opens with a description of the conference, biographical material and a number of survey papers about the work of M. G. Krein. The main part of the book consists of original research papers presenting the state of the art in the area of differential operators. The second volume of these proceedings, entitled Operator Theory and Related Topics, concerns the other aspects of the conference. The two volumes will be of interest to a wide range of readership in pure and applied mathematics, physics and engineering sciences.

This volume gathers contributions from participants of the Introductory School and the IHP thematic quarter on Numerical Methods for PDE, held in 2016 in Cargese (Corsica) and Paris, providing an opportunity to disseminate the latest results and envisage fresh challenges in traditional and new application fields. Numerical analysis applied to the approximate solution of PDEs is a key discipline in applied mathematics, and over the last few years, several new paradigms have appeared, leading to entire new families of discretization methods and solution algorithms. This book is intended for researchers in the field.

This contributed volume contains a collection of articles on the most recent advances in integral methods. The second of two volumes, this work focuses on the applications of integral methods to specific problems in science and engineering. Written by internationally recognized researchers, the chapters in this book are based on talks given at the Fourteenth International Conference on Integral Methods in Science and Engineering, held July 25-29, 2016, in Padova, Italy. A broad range of topics is addressed, such as:* Boundary elements* Transport problems* Option pricing* Gas reservoirs* Electromagnetic scattering This collection will be of interest to researchers in applied mathematics, physics, and mechanical and petroleum engineering, as well as graduate students in these disciplines, and to other professionals who use integration as an essential tool in their work.

This book treats dynamic stability of structures under nonconservative forces. it is not a mathematics-based, but rather a dynamics-phenomena-oriented monograph, written with a full experimental background. Starting with fundamentals on stability of columns under nonconservative forces, it then deals with the divergence of Euler's column under a dead (conservative) loading from a view point of dynamic stability. Three experiments with cantilevered columns under a rocket-based follower force are described to present the verifiability of nonconservative problems of structural stability. Dynamic stability of columns under pulsating forces is discussed through analog experiments, and by analytical and experimental procedures together with related theories. Throughout the volume the authors retain a good balance between theory and experiments on dynamic stability of columns under nonconservative loading, offering a new window to dynamic stability of structures, promoting student- and scientist-friendly experiments.

Interest in the area of control of systems defined by partial differential Equations has increased strongly in recent years. A major reason has been the requirement of these systems for sensible continuum mechanical modelling and optimization or control techniques which account for typical physical phenomena. Particular examples of problems on which substantial progress has been made are the control and stabilization of mechatronic structures, the control of growth of thin films and crystals, the control of Laser and semi-conductor devices, and shape optimization problems for turbomachine blades, shells, smart materials and microdiffractive optics. This volume contains original articles by world reknowned experts in the fields of optimal control of partial differential equations, shape optimization, numerical methods for partial differential equations and fluid dynamics, all of whom have contributed to the analysis and solution of many of the problems discussed. The collection provides a state-of-the-art overview of the most challenging and exciting recent developments in the field. It is geared towards postgraduate students and researchers dealing with the theoretical and practical aspects of a wide variety of high technology problems in applied mathematics, fluid control, optimal design, and computer modelling.

Numerical partial differential equations (PDEs) are an important part of numerical simulation, the third component of the modern methodology for science and engineering, besides the traditional theory and experiment. This volume contains papers that originated with the collaborative research of the teams that participated in the IMA Workshop for Women in Applied Mathematics: Numerical Partial Differential Equations and Scientific Computing in August 2014.

This book provides the latest competing research results on non-commutative harmonic analysis on homogeneous spaces with many applications. It also includes the most recent developments on other areas of mathematics including algebra and geometry. Lie group representation theory and harmonic analysis on Lie groups and on their homogeneous spaces form a significant and important area of mathematical research. These areas are interrelated with various other mathematical fields such as number theory, algebraic geometry, differential geometry, operator algebra, partial differential equations and mathematical physics. Keeping up with the fast development of this exciting area of research, Ali Baklouti (University of Sfax) and Takaaki Nomura (Kyushu University) launched a series of seminars on the topic, the first of which took place on November 2009 in Kerkennah Islands, the second in Sousse on December 2011, and the third in Hammamet on December 2013. The last seminar, which took place December 18th to 23rd 2015 in Monastir, Tunisia, has promoted further research in all the fields where the main focus was in the area of Analysis, algebra and geometry and on topics of joint collaboration of many teams in several corners. Many experts from both countries have been involved.

Theory of differentiation includes all aspects of various kinds of derivates and derivatives, and the theory of various Perron and Denjoy-Perron integrals. Derivative theorems covered are theorems on unilateral (or Dini) derivates. Through a cohesive format, outstanding problems are resolved, new ones are presented, and developments in this field, both past and present, are covered.

This volume gathers contributions in the field of partial differential equations, with a focus on mathematical models in phase transitions, complex fluids and thermomechanics. These contributions are dedicated to Professor Gianni Gilardi on the occasion of his 70th birthday. It particularly develops the following thematic areas: nonlinear dynamic and stationary equations; well-posedness of initial and boundary value problems for systems of PDEs; regularity properties for the solutions; optimal control problems and optimality conditions; feedback stabilization and stability results. Most of the articles are presented in a self-contained manner, and describe new achievements and/or the state of the art in their line of research, providing interested readers with an overview of recent advances and future research directions in PDEs.

The aim of this Handbook is to acquaint the reader with the current status of the theory of evolutionary partial differential equations, and with some of its applications. Evolutionary partial differential equations made their first appearance in the 18th century, in the endeavor to understand the motion of fluids and other continuous media. The active research effort over the span of two centuries, combined with the wide variety of physical phenomena that had to be explained, has resulted in an enormous body of literature. Any attempt to produce a comprehensive survey would be futile. The aim here is to collect review articles, written by leading experts, which will highlight the present and expected future directions of development of the field. The emphasis will be on nonlinear equations, which pose the most challenging problems today.
. Volume I of this Handbook does focus on the abstract theory of evolutionary equations.
. Volume 2 considers more concrete problems relating to specific applications.
. Together they provide a panorama of this amazingly complex and rapidly developing branch of mathematics.

This contributed volume contains a collection of articles on the most recent advances in integral methods. The first of two volumes, this work focuses on the construction of theoretical integral methods. Written by internationally recognized researchers, the chapters in this book are based on talks given at the Fourteenth International Conference on Integral Methods in Science and Engineering, held July 25-29, 2016, in Padova, Italy. A broad range of topics is addressed, such as:* Integral equations* Homogenization* Duality methods* Optimal design* Conformal techniques This collection will be of interest to researchers in applied mathematics, physics, and mechanical and electrical engineering, as well as graduate students in these disciplines, and to other professionals who use integration as an essential tool in their work.

This volume is a thorough introduction to contemporary research in elasticity, and may be used as a working textbook at the graduate level for courses in pure or applied mathematics or in continuum mechanics. It provides a thorough description (with emphasis on the nonlinear aspects) of the two competing mathematical models of three-dimensional elasticity, together with a mathematical analysis of these models. The book is as self-contained as possible.

This book offers an ideal introduction to singular perturbation problems, and a valuable guide for researchers in the field of differential equations. It also includes chapters on new contributions to both fields: differential equations and singular perturbation problems. Written by experts who are active researchers in the related fields, the book serves as a comprehensive source of information on the underlying ideas in the construction of numerical methods to address different classes of problems with solutions of different behaviors, which will ultimately help researchers to design and assess numerical methods for solving new problems. All the chapters presented in the volume are complemented by illustrations in the form of tables and graphs.

This book features papers presented during a special session on dynamical systems, mathematical physics, and partial differential equations. Research articles are devoted to broad complex systems and models such as qualitative theory of dynamical systems, theory of games, circle diffeomorphisms, piecewise smooth circle maps, nonlinear parabolic systems, quadtratic dynamical systems, billiards, and intermittent maps. Focusing on a variety of topics from dynamical properties to stochastic properties of dynamical systems, this volume includes discussion on discrete-numerical tracking, conjugation between two critical circle maps, invariance principles, and the central limit theorem. Applications to game theory and networks are also included. Graduate students and researchers interested in complex systems, differential equations, dynamical systems, functional analysis, and mathematical physics will find this book useful for their studies. The special session was part of the second USA-Uzbekistan Conference on Analysis and Mathematical Physics held on August 8-12, 2017 at Urgench State University (Uzbekistan). The conference encouraged communication and future collaboration among U.S. mathematicians and their counterparts in Uzbekistan and other countries. Main themes included algebra and functional analysis, dynamical systems, mathematical physics and partial differential equations, probability theory and mathematical statistics, and pluripotential theory. A number of significant, recently established results were disseminated at the conference's scheduled plenary talks, while invited talks presented a broad spectrum of findings in several sessions. Based on a different session from the conference, Algebra, Complex Analysis, and Pluripotential Theory is also published in the Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Series.

This book discusses the state-of-the-art and open problems in computational finance. It presents a collection of research outcomes and reviews of the work from the STRIKE project, an FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ITN) project in which academic partners trained early-stage researchers in close cooperation with a broader range of associated partners, including from the private sector. The aim of the project was to arrive at a deeper understanding of complex (mostly nonlinear) financial models and to develop effective and robust numerical schemes for solving linear and nonlinear problems arising from the mathematical theory of pricing financial derivatives and related financial products. This was accomplished by means of financial modelling, mathematical analysis and numerical simulations, optimal control techniques and validation of models. In recent years the computational complexity of mathematical models employed in financial mathematics has witnessed tremendous growth. Advanced numerical techniques are now essential to the majority of present-day applications in the financial industry. Special attention is devoted to a uniform methodology for both testing the latest achievements and simultaneously educating young PhD students. Most of the mathematical codes are linked into a novel computational finance toolbox, which is provided in MATLAB and PYTHON with an open access license. The book offers a valuable guide for researchers in computational finance and related areas, e.g. energy markets, with an interest in industrial mathematics.

This book aims to face particles in flows from many different, but essentially interconnected sides and points of view. Thus the selection of authors and topics represented in the chapters, ranges from deep mathematical analysis of the associated models, through the techniques of their numerical solution, towards real applications and physical implications. The scope and structure of the book as well as the selection of authors was motivated by the very successful summer course and workshop "Particles in Flows'' that was held in Prague in the August of 2014. This meeting revealed the need for a book dealing with this specific and challenging multidisciplinary subject, i.e. particles in industrial, environmental and biomedical flows and the combination of fluid mechanics, solid body mechanics with various aspects of specific applications.