Error detecting codes are very popular for error control in practical systems for two reasons. First, such codes can be used to provide any desired reliability of communication over any noisy channel. Second, implementation is usually much simpler than for a system using error correcting codes. To consider a particular code for use in such a system, it is very important to be able to calculate or estimate the probability of undetected error. For the binary symmetric channel, the probability of undetected error can be expressed in terms of the weight distribution of the code. The first part of the book gives a detailed description of all known methods to calculate or estimate the probability of undetected error, for the binary symmetric channel in particular, but a number of other channel models are also considered. The second part of the book describes a number of protocols for feedback communication systems (ARQ systems), with methods for optimal choice of error detecting codes for the protocols. Results have been collected from many sources and given a unified presentation. The results are presented in a form which make them accessible to the telecommunication system designer as well as the coding theory researcher and student. The system designer may find the presentation of CRC codes as well as the system performance analysis techniques particularly useful. The coding theorist will find a detailed account of a part of coding theory which is usually just mentioned in most text books and which contains a number of interesting and useful results as well as many challenging open problems. Audience: Essential for students, practitioners and researchers working in communications and coding theory. An excellent text for an advanced course on the subject.

Modern power systems have undergone tremendous progress due to the implementation of new technologies. With these advancements, the standards for insulation materials must be enhanced and revitalized. Accelerating the Discovery of New Dielectric Properties in Polymer Insulation is a pivotal source of academic research on emerging trends in the properties, applications, and developments of polymer dielectrics. Highlighting a range of relevant perspectives on topics such as high thermal conductivity, power storage, and wind energy, this book is ideally designed for students, professionals, academics, and practitioners interested in the optimization of power system infrastructures.

Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems describes coding approaches for designing fault-tolerant systems, i.e., systems that exhibit structured redundancy that enables them to distinguish between correct and incorrect results or between valid and invalid states. Since redundancy is expensive and counter-intuitive to the traditional notion of system design, the book focuses on resource-efficient methodologies that avoid excessive use of redundancy by exploiting the algorithmic/dynamic structure of a particular combinational or dynamic system. The first part of Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems focuses on fault-tolerant combinational systems providing a review of von Neumann's classical work on Probabilistic Logics (including some more recent work on noisy gates) and describing the use of arithmetic coding and algorithm-based fault-tolerant schemes in algebraic settings. The second part of the book focuses on fault tolerance in dynamic systems. Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems also discusses how, in a dynamic system setting, one can relax the traditional assumption that the error-correcting mechanism is fault-free by using distributed error correcting mechanisms. The final chapter presents a methodology for fault diagnosis in discrete event systems that are described by Petri net models; coding techniques are used to quickly detect and identify failures. From the Foreword "Hadjicostis has significantly expanded the setting to processes occurring in more general algebraic and dynamic systems... The book responds to the growing need to handle faults in complex digital chips and complex networked systems, and to consider the effects of faults at the design stage rather than afterwards." George Verghese, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Coding Approaches to Fault Tolerance in Combinational and Dynamic Systems will be of interest to both researchers and practitioners in the area of fault tolerance, systems design and control.

SRv6 Network Programming, beginning with the challenges for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) network development, describes the background, roadmap design, and implementation of Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6), as well as the application of this technology in traditional and emerging services. The book begins with the development of IP technologies by focusing on the problems encountered during MPLS and IPv6 network development, giving readers insights into the problems tackled by SRv6 and the value of SRv6. It then goes on to explain SRv6 fundamentals, including SRv6 packet header design, the packet forwarding process, protocol extensions such as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP) extensions, and how SRv6 supports existing traffic engineering (TE), virtual private networks (VPN), and reliability requirements. Next, SRv6 network deployment is introduced, covering the evolution paths from existing networks to SRv6 networks, SRv6 network deployment processes, involved O&M technologies, and emerging 5G and cloud services supported by SRv6. Bit Index Explicit Replication IPv6 encapsulation (BIERv6), an SRv6 multicast technology, is then introduced as an important supplement to SRv6 unicast technology. The book concludes with a summary of the current status of the SRv6 industry and provides an outlook for new SRv6-based technologies. SRv6 Network Programming: Ushering in a New Era of IP Networks collects the research results of Huawei SRv6 experts and reflects the latest development direction of SRv6. With rich, clear, practical, and easy-to-understand content, the volume is intended for network planning engineers, technical support engineers and network administrators who need a grasp of the most cutting-edge IP network technology. It is also intended for communications network researchers in scientific research institutions and universities. Authors: Zhenbin Li is the Chief Protocol Expert of Huawei and member of the IETF IAB, responsible for IP protocol research and standards promotion at Huawei. Zhibo Hu is a Senior Huawei Expert in SR and IGP, responsible for SR and IGP planning and innovation. Cheng Li is a Huawei Senior Pre-research Engineer and IP standards representative, responsible for Huawei's SRv6 research and standardization.

'Microprocessor Technology' provides a complete introduction to the subject of microprocessor technology using the Z80 and 6502 processors. An emphasis on fault-finding and repair makes this an ideal text for servicing courses including City & Guilds 2240 in the UK, microelectronics units on BTEC National/Advanced GNVQ and City & Guilds 7261 Microprocessor Technology. It will also provide a refresher course for those on 'bridging' and micro appreciation courses where a measure of comparative studies is required. Clear and concise explanations are supported by worked examples, tutorials, long answer questions and assignments giving students the opportunity to test their knowledge as they progress through the course as well as providing an essential revision tool in the run-up to exams.

This book provides an in-depth introduction to all major control and stability issues related to microgrids. It is the first book to offer a comprehensive look into the methodologies and philosophies behind system modeling, coordinated control, and protection for developing reliable, robust, and efficient operation of modular uninterruptible power supply systems. For each topic, a theoretical introduction and overview are backed by concrete programming examples that enable the reader to thoroughly understand the topic and develop and conduct simulation models.

With the growth in export markets for mechanical/electrical services and the expansion of international contracting, it has become more and more important that an agreed international vocabulary is settled for the many specialist terms and descriptions involved in the industry. Heating, ventilating and air conditioning are among the more complex specializations within the construction industry, making the need for an internationally agreed vocabulary even greater. "The International Dictionary of Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning" is the result of a collaborative effort by an international panel of professional engineers set up by REHVA. Each member of the panel has considerable experience in this specialist engineering field and is responsible for the terms in his own mother tongue, thus ensuring the accuracy and general acceptability of the terms and translations given. The dictionary comprises two major divisions. The main sequence of the book consists of some 4,000 terms given in English, in alphabetical order, with their translations. The remainder of the book consists of alphabetical indexes for the other eleven languages covered: French, German, Italian, Danish, Finn

Perfectly-secure cryptography is a branch of information-theoretic cryptography. A perfectly-secure cryptosystem guarantees that the malicious third party cannot guess anything regarding the plain text or the key, even in the case of full access to the cipher text. Despite this advantage, there are only a few real-world implementations of perfect secrecy due to some well-known limitations. Any simple, straightforward modeling can pave the way for further advancements in the implementation, especially in environments with time and resource constraints such as IoT. This book takes one step towards this goal via presenting a hybrid combinatorial-Boolean model for perfectly-secure cryptography in IoT. In this book, we first present an introduction to information-theoretic cryptography as well as perfect secrecy and its real-world implementations. Then we take a systematic approach to highlight information-theoretic cryptography as a convergence point for existing trends in research on cryptography in IoT. Then we investigate combinatorial and Boolean cryptography and show how they are seen almost everywhere in the ecosystem and the life cycle of information-theoretic IoT cryptography. We finally model perfect secrecy in IoT using Boolean functions, and map the Boolean functions to simple, well-studied combinatorial designs like Latin squares. This book is organized in two parts. The first part studie s information-theoretic cryptography and the promise it holds for cryptography in IoT. The second part separately discusses combinatorial and Boolean cryptography, and then presents the hybrid combinatorial-Boolean model for perfect secrecy in IoT.

Electric Energy Systems, Second Edition provides an analysis of electric generation and transmission systems that addresses diverse regulatory issues. It includes fundamental background topics, such as load flow, short circuit analysis, and economic dispatch, as well as advanced topics, such as harmonic load flow, state estimation, voltage and frequency control, electromagnetic transients, etc. The new edition features updated material throughout the text and new sections throughout the chapters. It covers current issues in the industry, including renewable generation with associated control and scheduling problems, HVDC transmission, and use of synchrophasors (PMUs). The text explores more sophisticated protections and the new roles of demand, side management, etc. Written by internationally recognized specialists, the text contains a wide range of worked out examples along with numerous exercises and solutions to enhance understanding of the material. Features Integrates technical and economic analyses of electric energy systems. Covers HVDC transmission. Addresses renewable generation and the associated control and scheduling problems. Analyzes electricity markets, electromagnetic transients, and harmonic load flow. Features new sections and updated material throughout the text. Includes examples and solved problems.

This book focuses on protective relaying, which is an indispensable part of electrical power systems. The recent advancements in protective relaying are being dictated by MMPRs (microprocessor-based multifunction relays). The text covers smart grids, integration of wind and solar generation, microgrids, and MMPRs as the driving aspects of innovations in protective relaying. Topics such as cybersecurity and instrument transformers are also explored. Many case studies and practical examples are included to emphasize real-world applications.

This book gives an overview of existing models that cover the whole lifecycle of an IoT application, ranging from its design, implementation, deployment, operation, and monitoring to its final termination and retirement. Models provide abstraction and can help IoT application developers into creating more robust, secure, and reliable applications. Furthermore, adaptation of applications can be eased by using these models, leading to an increased dynamic of the developed IoT applications. In the book, research of the last years in the area of model based approaches to the Internet of Things is described and these approaches are incorporated into the lifecycle of IoT applications. Finally, use cases from different domains are introduced that show how these models could be applied in real-world applications.

This book gathers the latest research findings on emerging trends in 5G and beyond wireless systems. The authors present and assess different enabling technologies, capabilities, and anticipated communications and computing solutions for 5G and beyond. Topics discussed include new frequency bands, new multiple antenna systems, massive D2D connectivity, new network deployment, and more. These discussions help the readers to understand more advanced research materials for developing new ideas to make a contribution in this field for themselves. This book aims to serve as a virtual and effective bridge between academic research in theory and engineering development in practice. Students, professional, and practitioners who seek to learn the latest development in wireless technologies should find interest in this book.

This book presents Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Networks (ICISN 2022), held at Hanoi in Vietnam. It includes peer reviewed high quality articles on Intelligent System and Networks. It brings together professionals and researchers in the area and presents a platform for exchange of ideas and to foster future collaboration. The topics covered in this book include- Foundations of Computer Science; Computational Intelligence Language and speech processing; Software Engineering Software development methods; Wireless Communications Signal Processing for Communications; Electronics track IoT and Sensor Systems Embedded Systems; etc.

During the last decade many new concepts have been proposed for improving the performance of power MOSFETs. The results of this research are dispersed in the technical literature among journal articles and abstracts of conferences. Consequently, the information is not readily available to researchers and practicing engineers in the power device community. There is no cohesive treatment of the ideas to provide an assessment of the relative merits of the ideas.

"Advanced Power MOSFET Concepts" provides an in-depth treatment of the physics of operation of advanced power MOSFETs. Analytical models for explaining the operation of all the advanced power MOSFETs will be developed. The results of numerical simulations will be provided to give additional insight into the device physics and validate the analytical models. The results of two-dimensional simulations will be provided to corroborate the analytical models and give greater insight into the device operation.

The Finite-Difference Time-domain (FDTD) method allows you to compute electromagnetic interaction for complex problem geometries with ease. The simplicity of the approach coupled with its far-reaching usefulness, create the powerful, popular method presented in The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics. This volume offers timeless applications and formulations you can use to treat virtually any material type and geometry.
The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics explores the mathematical foundations of FDTD, including stability, outer radiation boundary conditions, and different coordinate systems. It covers derivations of FDTD for use with PEC, metal, lossy dielectrics, gyrotropic materials, and anisotropic materials. A number of applications are completely worked out with numerous figures to illustrate the results. It also includes a printed FORTRAN 77 version of the code that implements the technique in three dimensions for lossy dielectric materials.
There are many methods for analyzing electromagnetic interactions for problem geometries. With The Finite Difference Time Domain Method for Electromagnetics, you will learn the simplest, most useful of these methods, from the basics through to the practical applications.

This book presents part of the proceedings of the Manufacturing and Materials track of the iM3F 2021 conference held in Malaysia. This collection of articles deliberates on the key challenges and trends related to manufacturing as well as materials engineering and technology in setting the stage for the world in embracing the Fourth Industrial Revolution. It presents recent findings with regard to manufacturing and materials that are pertinent toward the realizations and ultimately the embodiment of Industry 4.0, with contributions from both industry and academia.

This book is the first systematic exposition on the emerging domain of wireless power transfer in ad hoc communication networks. It selectively spans a coherent, large spectrum of fundamental aspects of wireless power transfer, such as mobility management in the network, combined wireless power and information transfer, energy flow among network devices, joint activities with wireless power transfer (routing, data gathering and solar energy harvesting), and safety provisioning through electromagnetic radiation control, as well as fundamental and novel circuits and technologies enabling the wide application of wireless powering. Comprising a total of 27 chapters, contributed by leading experts, the content is organized into six thematic sections: technologies, communication, mobility, energy flow, joint operations, and electromagnetic radiation awareness. It will be valuable for researchers, engineers, educators, and students, and it may also be used as a supplement to academic courses on algorithmic applications, wireless protocols, distributed computing, and networking.

At present, both Industry 4.0 and industrial engineering management developments are reshaping the industrial sector worldwide. Industry 4.0 and sustainability are considered as the crucial emerging trends in industrial production systems. The resulting transformations are changing production modes from traditional to digital, intelligent, and decentralized. It is expected that Industry 4.0 will help drive sustainability in industries thanks to the implementation of advanced technology and a move towards social sustainability. This book reflects on the consequences of the transition to Industry 4.0 for climate change. The book presents a systemic overview of the current negative impacts of digitization on the environment and showcases a new outline of the energy domain and expected changes in environmental pollution levels under Industry 4.0. It also analyzes the ecological consequences of the growth and development of Industry 4.0 and considers Industry 4.0 as an alternative to fighting climate change, in the sense of shifting the global community's attention from environmental protection to consolidation of the digital economy. This book will be of interest to academicians and practitioners in the fields of climate change and development of Industry 4.0, and it will contribute to national economic policies for fighting climate change and corporate strategies of sustainable development under Industry 4.0.

Real-Time Simulation Technology for Modern Power Electronics provides an invaluable foundation and state-of-the-art review on the most advanced implementations of real-time simulation as it appears poised to revolutionize the modeling of power electronics. The book opens with a discussion of power electronics device physic modeling, component modeling, and power converter modeling before addressing numerical methods to solve converter model, emphasizing speed and accuracy. It discusses both CPU-based and FPGA-based real-time implementations and provides an extensive review of current applications, including hardware-in-the-loop and its case studies in the micro-grid and electric vehicle applications. The book closes with a review of the near and long-term outlooks for the evolving technology. Collectively, the work provides a systematic resource for students, researchers, and engineers in the electrical engineering and other closely related fields.

Metrology is part of the essential but largely hidden infrastructure of the modern world. This book concentrates on the infrastructure aspects of metrology. It introduces the underlying concepts: International system of units, traceability and uncertainty; and describes the concepts that are implemented to assure the comparability, reliability and quantifiable trust of measurement results. It is shown what benefits the traditional metrological principles have in fields as medicine or in the evaluation of cyber physical systems.

Describes the optical structure and optical properties of the human eye Explains image formation and refraction of the eye Covers interactions between light and the eye, considering transmission, reflection and scatter in the media of the eye and at the fundus Covers aberrations and image quality of the eye

This book explains over 3,000 terms (over 200,000 words) and contains over 200 professionally drawn line illustrations. This practical handbook is intended for day to day use as a reference or as a source of enlightenment for anyone associated with the building and construction industry. It also provides comprehensive practical explanations of the many terms listed, giving guidance, examples of use and, in certain cases, cautionary remarks concerning aspects of the applications.

Power System Operation and Planning under Uncertainty provides the mathematical models and tools needed to plan and operate future power systems. It discusses the challenging task of the integration of a high penetration of renewable energies and electric vehicles within existing power systems. This book explores the uncertainty faced by power systems that is associated with the evolution of capital costs, technical developments of immature renewable technologies and energy storage systems, the number of electrical vehicles, and the participation of electricity end users in demand response programs. It helps provide solutions, and points to areas of further research that will help resolve. The models, tools and techniques described in this book are of interest for researches of energy systems, professionals working as power system planners or operators, and for graduate students in power engineering and operations research.

By proposing and forming a mobile manipulator for modern multi-floor buildings, A Robotic Framework for the Mobile Manipulator: Theory and Application helps readers visualize an end-to-end workflow for making a robot system work in a targeted environment. From a product-oriented viewpoint, this book is considered as a bridge from theories to real products, in which robotic software modules and the robotic system integration are mainly concerned. In the end, readers will have an overview of how to build and integrate various single robotic modules to execute a list of designed tasks in the real world, as well as how to make a robot system work independently, without human interventions. With references and execution guidelines provided at the end of each chapter, the book will be a useful tool for developers and researchers looking to expand their knowledge about the robotics and the robotic software.

This book introduces the working principle, materials, and design of seawater batteries and reviews the current state-of-the-art technologies in cells and modules. This book looks at the characteristics of seawater, then reviews the basic electrochemical processes involved in the storage of electrical charge in seawater batteries, and then discusses the development of anode, cathode, and membrane materials, and cell engineering progress. In particular, Chapter 3 contains the latest research and development results for rechargeable seawater batteries. The book has been written for a broad readership including graduate students, academic and industrial researchers working on sustainable, low-cost energy.