"As chip size and complexity continues to grow exponentially, the challenges of functional verification are becoming a critical issue in the electronics industry. It is now commonly heard that logical errors missed during functional verification are the most common cause of chip re-spins, and that the costs associated with functional verification are now outweighing the costs of chip design. To cope with these challenges engineers are increasingly relying on new design and verification methodologies and languages. Transaction-based design and verification, constrained random stimulus generation, functional coverage analysis, and assertion-based verification are all techniques that advanced design and verification teams routinely use today. Engineers are also increasingly turning to design and verification models based on C/C++ and SystemC in order to build more abstract, higher performance hardware and software models and to escape the limitations of RTL HDLs. This new book, Advanced Verification Techniques, provides specific guidance for these advanced verification techniques. The book includes realistic examples and shows how SystemC and SCV can be applied to a variety of advanced design and verification tasks."
- Stuart Swan

Power Generation from Solid Fuels introduces the different technologies to produce heat and power from solid fossil (hard coal, brown coal) and renewable (biomass, waste) fuels, such as combustion and gasification, steam power plants and combined cycles etc. The book discusses technologies with regard to their efficiency, emissions, operational behavior, residues and costs. Besides proven state of the art processes, the focus is on the potential of new technologies currently under development or demonstration.

The main motivation of the book is to explain the technical possibilities for reducing CO2 emissions from solid fuels. The strategies which are treated are: more efficient power and heat generation technologies, processes for the utilisation of renewable solid fuels, such as biomass and waste, and technologies for carbon capture and storage.

Power Generation from Solid Fuels provides, both to academia and industry, a concise treatment of industrial combustion of all types of solid, hopefully inspiring the next generation of engineers and scientists.

Sliding Mode Control of Switching Power Converters: Techniques and Implementation is perhaps the first in-depth account of how sliding mode controllers can be practically engineered to optimize control of power converters. A complete understanding of this process is timely and necessary, as the electronics industry moves toward the use of renewable energy sources and widely varying loads that can be adequately supported only by power converters using nonlinear controllers. Of the various advanced control methods used to handle the complex requirements of power conversion systems, sliding mode control (SMC) has been most widely investigated and proved to be a more feasible alternative than fuzzy and adaptive control for existing and future power converters. Bridging the gap between power electronics and control theory, this book employs a top-down instructional approach to discuss traditional and modern SMC techniques. Covering everything from equations to analog implantation, it: Provides a comprehensive general overview of SMC principles and methods Offers advanced readers a systematic exposition of the mathematical machineries and design principles relevant to construction of SMC, then introduces newer approaches Demonstrates the practical implementation and supporting design rules of SMC, based on analog circuits Promotes an appreciation of general nonlinear control by presenting it from a practical perspective and using familiar engineering terminology With specialized coverage of modeling and implementation that is useful to students and professionals in electrical and electronic engineering, this book clarifies SMC principles and their application to power converters. Making the material equally accessible to all readers, whether their background is in analog circuit design, power electronics, or control engineering, the authors-experienced researchers in their own right-elegantly and practically relate theory, application, and mathematical concepts and models to corresponding industrial targets.

This book presents intuitive explanations of the principles of microgrids, including their structure and operation and their applications. It also discusses the latest research on microgrid control and protection technologies and the essentials of microgrids as well as enhanced communication systems. The book provides solutions to microgrid operation and planning issues using various methodologies including planning and modelling; AC and DC hybrid microgrids; energy storage systems in microgrids; and optimal microgrid operational planning. Written by specialists, it is filled in innovative solutions and research related to microgrid operation, making it a valuable resource for those interested in developing updated approaches in electric power analysis, design and operational strategies. Thanks to its in-depth explanations and clear, three-part structure, it is useful for electrical engineering students, researchers and technicians.

This book is centered on Smart grids and micro-grids, as a cost-effective method of ensuring fair and equitable access to power in urban areas. It also considers scenarios where deploying smart grids can be both cost-prohibitively expensive and logistically challenging. Deploying smart microgrids instead, offers a reliable power solution but, as is the case in smart grids, a key issue is guaranteeing usability, trust, and reliability while protecting against energy theft. This book considers aspects such as state estimation, capacity planning, demand forecasting, price signals, and demand management with respect to energy theft. Straight-forward approaches to provoking energy theft on smart grids and micro-grids include mis-recordings power consumption/generation information and exposures of personally identifiable information or sensitive information. Attack models based on mis-recorded generation and/or consumption data and exposure of personally identifiable information, are also studied. In each case, countermeasures are proposed to circumvent the power theft attacks raised. Researchers in Smart Micro-grids security, cyber-physical systems, and critical infrastructure will want to purchase this book as a reference. Professionals, Researchers, Academics and students working in security general and Security of Critical Infrastructure, Privacy, and Data Sharing will also want to purchase this book as a reference.

Details the use of advanced AFMs and addresses all types of functional AFMs First book to focus on application of AFM for energy research Enables readers to operate an AFM successfully and to understand the data obtained Covers new achievements in AFM instruments, including higher speed and resolution, automatic and deep learning AFM, and how AFM is being combined with other new methods like IR and Raman microscopy

Applied Mathematics for Restructured Electric Power Systems: Optimization, Control, and Computational Intelligence consists of chapters based on work presented at a National Science Foundation workshop organized in November 2003. The theme of the workshop was the use of applied mathematics to solve challenging power system problems. The areas included control, optimization, and computational intelligence. In addition to the introductory chapter, this book includes 12 chapters written by renowned experts in their respected fields. Each chapter follows a three-part format: (1) a description of an important power system problem or problems, (2) the current practice and/or particular research approaches, and (3) future research directions. Collectively, the technical areas discussed are voltage and oscillatory stability, power system security margins, hierarchical and decentralized control, stability monitoring, embedded optimization, neural network control with adaptive critic architecture, control tuning using genetic algorithms, and load forecasting and component prediction.

This volume is intended for power systems researchers and professionals charged with solving electric and power system problems.

Technologies such as artificial intelligence have led to significant advances in science and medicine, but have also facilitated new forms of repression, policing and surveillance. AI policy has become without doubt a significant issue of global politics. The Global Politics of Artificial Intelligence tackles some of the issues linked to AI development and use, contributing to a better understanding of the global politics of AI. This is an area where enormous work still needs to be done, and the contributors to this volume provide significant input into this field of study, to policy makers, academics, and society at large. Each of the chapters in this volume works as freestanding contribution, and provides an accessible account of a particular issue linked to AI from a political perspective. Contributors to the volume come from many different areas of expertise, and of the world, and range from emergent to established authors.

Originally published in 1915. PREFACE: It is the object of the author to give in this book the properties of gaseous, liquid and solid insulations, and methods of utilizing these properties to the best advantage in the problems of highvoltage engineering. Such problems require a knowledge, not only of the laws and mechanism of breakdown of dielectrics as determined by experiment, but also a simple working knowledge of the dielectric circuit. Methods that have proved useful in designing apparatus, transmission lines, insulators, bushings, etc., are discussed and illustrated by practical application. In addition, such subjects as the manner of making extensive engineering investigations and of reducing data, the measurement of high voltages, the effects of impulse and high-frequency voltages, methods of draw- ing dielectric fields, outline of modern theory, various dielectric phenomena, etc., are considered. In all cases where laws and discussions of dielectric phenomena are given, it has been thought best to accompany these with experimental data. Much original work is given, as well as reference to other in- vestigations. The authors extensive research was made possible by facilities afforded by the Consulting Engineering Department of the General Electric Company, for which acknowledgment is made. Thanks are due Mr. H. K. Humphrey, and others, who have greatly assisted in the experiments and calculations. SCHENECTADY, N. Y., April, 1915. Contents include: PAGE PREFACE v DIELECTRIC UNITS xi TABLE OF SYMBOLS, xiii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. ..... v ... v General discussion of energy transfer Experimental plots of dielectric and magnetic fields Analogy between magnetic and dielectric fieldsAnalogy with Hooke s Law. CHAPTER II THE DIELECTRIC FIELD AND DIELECTRIC CIRCUIT 8 Mathematical Consideration General treatment of the dielectric field and dielectric circuit with discussion of principles used Parallel planes Field between per- mittance, etc. Concentric cylinders Permittance or capacity flux density and gradient Parallel wires Principles used in superposition of fields determination of resultant fields equation of equipotential surfaces, lines of force and flux density permittance gradient and equigradient surfaces Concentric spheres Spheres Two small equal spheres, field of, and permittance two large equal spheres, gradient, permittance Conditions for spark-over and local breakdown or corona Collected formulae for common electrodes Combinations of dielectrics of different permittivities Dielectric flux refraction Dielectric in series Dielectric in multiple Flux control Imperfect electric elastivity or absorption in dielectrics dielectric hysteresis. CHAPTER III VISUAL CORONA 38 General Summary and Discussion Appearance Chemical action A. C. and D. C. spacing and size of conductor Laws of visual corona formation Theory of corona Electron theory Air films at small spacings Aii density Measuring voltage by corona Conductor material, cables, oil and water on the conductors, humidity. lonization Wave shape, current in wire. Experimental Study and Method of Reducing Experimental Data Tests showing the effects of size and spacing of conductors Air density Temperature Barometric pressure Strength of air films Effect of frequency Conductor material, oil, water, dirt, humidity lonization Current in wire Stranded conductors Split conductors...

This book discusses several exciting research topics and applications in the intelligent Heterogenous Networks (Het-Net) and Internet of Things (IoT) era. We are resolving significant issues towards realizing the future vision of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) in IoT-enabled spaces. Such AI-powered IoT solutions will be employed in satisfying critical conditions towards further advances in our daily smart life. This book overviews the associated issues and proposes the most up to date alternatives. The objective is to pave the way for AI-powered IoT-enabled spaces in the next generation Het-Net technologies and open the door for further innovations. The book presents the latest advances and research into heterogeneous networks in critical IoT applications. It discusses the most important problems, challenges, and issues that arise when designing real-time intelligent heterogeneous networks for diverse scenarios.

This book provides readers to the vision of Society 5.0, which was originally proposed in the fifth Basic Science and Technology Plan by Japan's government for a technology-based, human-centered society, emerging from the 4th industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). The implementation of AI and other modern techniques in a smart society requires automated data scheduling and analysis using smart applications, a smart infrastructure, smart systems, and a smart network. Features Provides an overview of basic concepts of Society 5.0 as well as the main pillars that supports the implementation of Society 5.0. Contains the most recent research analysis in the domain of computer vision, signal processing and computing sciences for facilitating the smart homes, buildings, transport, facilities, environmental conditions and cities, and the benefits these offer to a nation. Presents the readers with practical approaches of using AI and other algorithms for smart ecosystem to deals with human dynamics, the social objects, and their relations. Deals with the utilization of AI tools and other modern techniques for smart society as well as the current challenging issues and its solutions for transformation to Society 5.0. This book is aimed at graduate and post graduate students, researchers, academicians working in the field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and machine learning.

While there are many excellent books available on fundamental and applied electromagnetics, most introduce operator concepts in an ad hoc manner, and few discuss the subject within the general framework of operator theory. This is in contrast to quantum theory, where the use of operators and concepts from functional analysis is common. However, casting electromagnetic problems in terms of operator theory produces useful insights into the mathematical properties and physical characteristics of solutions. For instance, the commonly used modal expansion of fields in waveguides are immediately justified upon identifying the differential operators as being of the appropriate Sturm-Liouville type. As another example, existence, uniqueness and solvability of integral formulations can often be settled by appealing to the theory of Fredholm operators. Many other examples that illustrate the value of abstracting problems to an operator level are provided. Although the book focuses on mathematical fundamentals, it is written from the perspective of engineers and applied scientists working in electromagnetics. The book begins with a review of electromagnetic theory, including a discussion of singular integral operators commonly encountered in applications. It then turns to a self-contained introduction to operator theory, including basic functional analysis, linear operators, Green¿s functions and Green¿s operators, spectral theory, and Sturm-Liouville operators. The discussion is at an introductory mathematical level, presenting definitions and theorems, as well as proofs of the theorems when these are particularly simple or enlightening. The tools developed in this first part of the book are then applied to problems in classical electromagnetic theory: boundary-value problems and potential theory, transmission lines, waves in layered media, scattering problems in waveguides, and electromagnetic cavities.

Power quality is a pressing concern in electric power systems. One of the main requirements of power quality management is the guarantee of a sinusoidal voltage waveform with adequate amplitude at each node of the network. The fulfilment of such a control objective is facilitated by adaptive systems which can account for unpredictable fluctuations in operating conditions.

Adaptive Voltage Control in Power Systems, a self-contained blend of theory and novel application, is an in-depth treatment of such adaptive control schemes. The reader moves from power-system-modelling problems through illustrations of the main adaptive control systems (self-tuning, model-reference and nonlinearities compensation) to a detailed description of design methods: Kalman filtering, parameter-identification algorithms and discrete-time controller design are all represented. Case studies address applications issues in the implementation of adaptive voltage control.

Practicing engineers and researchers in power systems and control engineering will find this monograph, written by representatives of each field, to be a valuable synthesis of both while its accessible style will also appeal to graduate students.

In recent years, rapid changes and improvements have been witnessed in the field of transformer condition monitoring and assessment, especially with the advances in computational intelligence techniques. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence applies a broad range of computational intelligence techniques to deal with practical transformer operation problems. The approaches introduced are presented in a concise and flowing manner, tackling complex transformer modelling problems and uncertainties occurring in transformer fault diagnosis. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence covers both the fundamental theories and the most up-to-date research in this rapidly changing field. Many examples have been included that use real-world measurements and realistic operating scenarios of power transformers to fully illustrate the use of computational intelligence techniques for a variety of transformer modelling and fault diagnosis problems. Condition Monitoring and Assessment of Power Transformers Using Computational Intelligence is a useful book for professional engineers and postgraduate students. It also provides a firm foundation for advanced undergraduate students in power engineering.

This book incorporates a selection of research and development papers. Its scope is on history and background, underlying design methodology, application domains and recent developments. The readers will be able to understand the underlying technology, philosophy, concepts, ideas, and principles, with regard to broader areas of sensor network. Aspects of sensor network and experimental results have been presented in proper order.

This excellent Senior undergraduate/graduate textbook offers an unprecedented measurement of science perspective on DSP theory and applications, a wealth of definitions and real-life examples making it invaluable for students, while practical.

Photovoltaic generation is one of the cleanest forms of energy conversion available. One of the advantages offered by solar energy is its potential to provide sustainable electricity in areas not served by the conventional power grid. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems details explicit modelling, control and optimisation of the most popular stand-alone applications such as pumping, power supply, and desalination. Each section is concluded by an example using the MATLAB (R) and Simulink (R) packages to help the reader understand and evaluate the performance of different photovoltaic systems. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems provides engineers, graduate and postgraduate students with the means to understand, assess and develop their own photovoltaic systems. As such, it is an essential tool for all those wishing to specialise in stand-alone photovoltaic systems. Optimisation of Photovoltaic Power Systems aims to enable all researchers in the field of electrical engineering to thoroughly understand the concepts of photovoltaic systems; find solutions to their problems; and choose the appropriate mathematical model for optimising photovoltaic energy.

AI Metaheuristics for Information Security in Digital Media examines the latest developments in AI-based metaheuristics algorithms with applications in information security for digital media. It highlights the importance of several security parameters, their analysis, and validations for different practical applications. Drawing on multidisciplinary research including computer vision, machine learning, artificial intelligence, modified/newly developed metaheuristics algorithms, it will enhance information security for society. It includes state-of-the-art research with illustrations and exercises throughout.

Dynamic power management is a design methodology aiming at controlling performance and power levels of digital circuits and systems, with the goal of extending the autonomous operation time of battery-powered systems, providing graceful performance degradation when supply energy is limited, and adapting power dissipation to satisfy environmental constraints. Dynamic Power Management: Design Techniques and CAD Tools addresses design techniques and computer-aided design solutions for power management. Different approaches are presented and organized in an order related to their applicability to control-units, macro-blocks, digital circuits and electronic systems, respectively. All approaches are based on the principle of exploiting idleness of circuits, systems, or portions thereof. They involve both the detection of idleness conditions and the freezing of power-consuming activities in the idle components. The book also describes some approaches to system-level power management, including Microsoft's OnNow architecture and the Advanced Configuration and Power Management' standard proposed by Intel, Microsoft and Toshiba. These approaches migrate power management to the software layer running on hardware platforms, thus providing a flexible and self-configurable solution to adapting the power/performance tradeoff to the needs of mobile (and fixed) computing and communication. Dynamic Power Management: Design Techniques and CAD Tools is of interest to researchers and developers of computer-aided design tools for integrated circuits and systems, as well as to system designers.

The book "Analysis and Design of Control Systems using MATLAB", is designed as a supplement to an introductory course in feedback control systems for undergraduate or graduate engineering students of all disciplines. Feedback control systems engineering is a multidisciplinary subject and presents a control engineering methodology based on mathematical fundamentals and stresses physical system modeling.This book includes the coverage of classical methods of control systems engineering: introduction to control systems, matrix analysis, Laplace transforms, mathematical modeling of dynamic systems, control system representation, performance and stability of feedback systems, analysis and design of feedback control systems, state space analysis and design, and MATLAB basics and MATLAB tutorial. The numerous worked examples offer detailed explanations, and guide the students through each set of problems to enable them to save a great deal of time and effort in arriving at an understanding of problems in this subject. Extensive references to guide the students to further sources of information on control systems and MATLAB is provided. In addition to students, practising engineers will also find this book immensely useful.

This monograph presents a tactical planning approach for service network design in metropolitan areas. Designing the service network requires the suitable aggregation of demand data as well as the anticipation of operational relocation decisions. To this end, an integrated approach of data analysis and mathematical optimization is introduced. The book also includes a case study based on real-world data to demonstrate the benefit of the proposed service network design approach. The target audience comprises primarily research experts in the field of traffic engineering, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.

This book discusses the supervision of hybrid systems and presents models for control, optimization and storage. It provides a guide for practitioners as well as graduate and postgraduate students and researchers in both renewable energy and modern power systems, enabling them to quickly gain an understanding of stand-alone and grid-connected hybrid renewable systems. The book is accompanied by an online MATLAB package, which offers examples of each application to help readers understand and evaluate the performance of the various hybrid renewable systems cited. With a focus on the different configurations of hybrid renewable energy systems, it offers those involved in the field of renewable energy solutions vital insights into the control, optimization and supervision strategies for the different renewable energy systems.

The Earth has limited material and energy resources while these resources in space are virtually unlimited. Further development of humanity will require going beyond our planet and exploring of extraterrestrial resources and sources of unlimited power. Thus far, all missions to asteroids have been motivated by scientific exploration. However, given recent advancements in various space technologies, mining asteroids for resources is becoming ever more feasible. A significant portion of asteroids value is derived from their location; the required resources do not need to be lifted at a great expense from the surface of the Earth. Resources derived from Asteroid not only can be brought back to Earth but could also be used to sustain human exploration of space and permanent settlements in space. This book investigates asteroids' prospective energy and material resources. It is a collection of topics related to asteroid exploration, and utilization. It presents past and future technologies and solutions to old problems that could become reality in our life time. The book therefore is a great source of condensed information for specialists involved in current and impending asteroid-related activities and a good starting point for space researchers, inventors, technologists and potential investors. Written for researchers, engineers, and businessmen interested in asteroids' exploration and exploitation. Keywords: Asteroids, Asteroid exploration, Asteroid exploitation, Energy sources, Space Resources, Material Resources, In-Situ Resource Utilization, Mining

This book is devoted to nonmetal-to-metal transitions. The original ideas of Mott for such a transition in solids have been adapted to describe a broad variety of phenomena in condensed matter physics (solids, liquids, and fluids), in plasma and cluster physics, as well as in nuclear physics (nuclear matter and quark-gluon systems). The book gives a comprehensive overview of theoretical methods and experimental results of the current research on the Mott effect for this wide spectrum of topics. The fundamental problem is the transition from localized to delocalized states which describes the nonmetal-to-metal transition in these diverse systems. Based on the ideas of Mott, Hubbard, Anderson as well as Landau and Zeldovich, internationally respected scientists present the scientific challenges and highlight the enormous progress which has been achieved over the last years. The level of description is aimed to specialists in these fields as well as to young scientists who will get an overview for their own work. A common feature of all contribution is the extensive discussion of bound states," i.e. their formation and dissolution due to medium effects. This applies to atoms and molecules in plasmas, fluids, and small clusters, excitons in semiconductors, or nucleons, deuterons, and alpha-particles in nuclear matter. In this way, the transition from delocalized to localized states and vice versa can be described on a common level."

Learning and Generalization provides a formal mathematical theory for addressing intuitive questions of the type: * How does a machine learn a new concept on the basis of examples? * How can a neural network, after sufficient training, correctly predict the outcome of a previously unseen input? * How much training is required to achieve a specified level of accuracy in the prediction? * How can one identify the dynamical behaviour of a nonlinear control system by observing its input-output behaviour over a finite interval of time? The first edition, A Theory of Learning and Generalization, was the first book to treat the problem of machine learning in conjunction with the theory of empirical process, the latter being a well-established branch of probability theory. The treatment of both topics side-by-side leads to new insights, as well as new results in both topics. The second edition extends and improves upon this material, covering new areas including: * Support vector machines (SVM's) * Fat-shattering dimensions and applications to neural network learning * Learning with dependent samples generated by a beta-mixing process * Connections between system identification and learning theory * Probabilistic solution of 'intractable problems' in robust control and matrix theory using randomized algorithms It also contains solutions to some of the open problems posed in the first edition, while adding new open problems. This book is essential reading for control and system theorists, neural network researchers, theoretical computer scientists and probabilists The Communications and Control Engineering series reflects the major technological advances which have a great impact in the fields of communication and control. It reports on the research in industrial and academic institutions around the world to exploit the new possibilities which are becoming available