Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled spaces have made revolutionary advances in the utility grid. Among these advances, intelligent and energy-efficient services are gaining considerable interest. The use of the smart grid is increasing day after day around us and is not only used in saving energy but also in our daily life for intelligent health, traffic, and even farming systems. The grid enabled with IoT features is also expected to communicate with cellular networks smoothly in the next-generation networks (6G and beyond). This will open the door for other interesting research areas. In this book, we consider the most significant and emergent research topics in this domain, addressing major issues and challenges in IoT-based solutions proposed for the smart grid. The chapters provide insight on comprehensive topics in IoT-based smart grids, combining technical aspects with the most up-to-date theory. It investigates the grid under varying and potential emerging paradigms such as edge/fog computing, in addition to big data aspects considerations in the IoT era. With comprehensive surveys and case studies, this book explores basic and high-level grid aspects in the emerging smart city paradigm, which makes it especially attractive to researchers, academics, and higher-level students. This authored book can be used by computer science undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers and practitioners, city administrators, policymakers, and government regulators.

This book explores the concepts and role of green computing and its recent developments for making the environment sustainable. It focuses on green automation in disciplines such as computers, nanoscience, information technology, and biochemistry. This book is characterized through descriptions of sustainability, green computing, their relevance to the environment, society, and its applications. Presents how to make the environment sustainable through engineering aspects and green computing Explores concepts and the role of green computing with recent developments Processes green automation linked with various disciplines such as nanoscience, information technology, and biochemistry Explains the concepts of green computing linked with sustainable environment through information technology This book will be of interest to researchers, libraries, students, and academicians that are interested in the concepts of green computing linked with green automation through information technology and their impacts on the future.

An Industry Perspective on Key Tunable Technologies and Applications Tunable RF Components and Circuits: Applications in Mobile Handsets provides a technical introduction to the state of the art in tunable radio frequency (RF) components, circuits, and applications and discusses the foundational work that has been done to date. Leading practitioners in the field share their expertise on tunable devices in mobile handset applications. Through these practical viewpoints, readers discover how to use tunable RF techniques and devices to develop successful product designs. A substantial portion of the book focuses on antennas and antenna tuning, reflecting the dominance of the antenna tuning application in today's commercial market for tunable RF. The book explains how RF-microelectromechanical systems (RF-MEMS), barium strontium titinate (BST), silicon-on-insulator (SOI) field effect transistors (FETs), and high-performance complementary metal oxide semiconductors (CMOS) are used as enabling technologies for tunable functions in current and next-generation radio architectures. The book also describes power amplifier envelope tracking, an emerging and important technique for improving efficiency; presents a network operator's perspective on the evolution of the handset front end; and explores emerging approaches to production testing of wireless devices.

Discusses steady state (i.e. power flow) solution of integrated AC/DC system for operating any multi-terminal HVDC grid within an existing AC grid Presents a detailed theoretical analysis of the system equilibrium under the different types of converter control HVDC power-flow models developed have been validated by implementation in IEEE 300-bus test network integrated with different HVDC grids DC grid power-flow controllers like the IDCPFC has been introduced and subsequently modeled into the powerflow algorithm Both unified and sequential powerflow models are covered

1. Focuses on blockchain technologies used specifically in Society 5.0. 2. Provides applications of blockchain technologies in decision modelling for supply chain. 3. Addresses the issues of supply chain management in Society 5.0. 4. Discusses the impacts and the responses of implementing Society 5.0 in supply chain. 5. Explores new studies and tools that aim to integrate digital technologies with human aspect of supply chain.

Provides entire coverage of energy management and audit concepts Explores energy audit methodologies and energy saving initiatives Incorporates current technologies like machine learning, IoT, data analytics in energy audit for reliability improvement Describes energy analytics with real time examples and programming codes Includes case studies covering detailed energy saving calculation with investment pay back calculations

Provides detailed introduction to Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT) and its applications Reviews underlying sensor and hardware technologies Includes recent advances in the IoHT such as remote healthcare monitoring and wearable devices Explores applications of Data Analytics/Data Mining in IoHT, including data management and data governance Focusses on regulatory and compliance issues in IoHT

Vehicles are intrinsically linked to our lives. This book covers all technical details of the vehicle electrification process, with focus on power electronics. The main challenge in vehicle electrification consists of replacing the engine-based mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic ancillary energy sources with electrical energy processed through an electromagnetic device. The book illustrates this evolutionary process with numerous series-production examples for either of body or chassis systems, from old milestones to futuristic luxury vehicles. Electrification of ancillaries and electric propulsion eventually meet into an all-electric vehicle and both processes rely heavily on power electronics. Power electronics deals with electronic processing of electrical energy. This makes it a support technology for the automotive industry. All the automotive visions for the next decade (2020-2030) are built on top of power electronics and the automotive power electronics industry is expected at 15% compound annual growth rate, the highest among all automotive technologies. Hence, automotive power electronics industry is very appealing for recent and future graduates. The book structure follows the architecture of the electrical power system for a conventional engine-based vehicle, with a last chapter dedicated to an introduction onto electric propulsion. The first part of the book describes automotive technologies for generation and distribution of electrical power, as well as its usage within body systems, chassis systems, or lighting. The second part explores deeper into the specifics of each component of the vehicle electric power system. Since cars have been on the streets for over 100 years, each chapter starts with a list of historical achievements. Recognizing the engineering effort span over more than a century ennobles the R&D efforts of the new millennium. Focus on history of electricity in vehicle applications is another attractive treat of the book. The book fills a gap between books targeting practical education and works sharing advanced academic vision, offering students and academics a quick tour of the basic tools and long-standing infrastructure, and offering practicing engineers an introduction on newly introduced power electronics-based technologies. It is therefore recommended as a must-have book for students and early graduates in automotive power electronics activities.

Accessible reference dealing with (partial discharge) PD measurement in all types of high voltage equipment using modern digital PD detectors Practical Partial Discharge Measurement on Medium and High Voltage Electrical Equipment is a timely update in the field of partial discharges (PD), covering both holistic concepts and specific modern applications in one volume. The first half of the book educates the reader on what PD is and the general principles of how it is measured and interpreted. The second half of the book is similar to a handbook, with a chapter devoted to PD measurements in each type of HV equipment. These chapters contain specific information of the insulation system design, causes of PD in that equipment, off-line and on-line measurement methods, interpretation methods, and relevant standards. The work is authored by two well-known experts in the field of PD measurement who have published hundreds of technical papers on the subject and performed thousands of PD measurements on all the different types of HV equipment covered in the book. Both authors also have had relationships with PD detector manufacturers, giving them key insights into test instruments and practical measurements. Sample topics covered in the work include: Physics of PD, discharge phenomena (contact sparking and vibration sparking), and an introduction to PD measurement (electrical, optical, acoustic, and chemical) Electrical PD detection (types of sensors), RF PD detection (antenna, TEV), and PD instrumentation and display Off-line and on-line PD measurements, general principles of PD interpretation, and laboratory PD testing of lumped test objects PD in different types of HV equipment (power cables, power transformers, air insulated metal-clad switchgear, and more) For HV equipment OEMs, users of HV equipment, or employees of companies that provide PD testing services to clients, Practical Partial Discharge Measurement on Medium and High Voltage Electrical Equipment is an essential reference to help understand general concepts about the topic and receive expert guidance during specific practical applications.

As one of the pioneers of "Piezoelectric Actuators", I have contributed to the commercialization of various products for over 45 years, including million-selling devices, micro-ultrasonic motors for smart-phone camera modules by Samsung Electromechanics, piezoelectric transformers for backlight inverters by Apple laptops, multilayer PZT actuators for diesel injection valves by Denso Corporation, and piezoelectric energy harvesting modules for Programable Air-Burst Munition by the US Army. During the development period for "piezoelectric actuators and transformers," I found that the bottleneck for device miniaturization was heat generation under a high-power drive condition. Thus, in parallel to the piezo-actuator developments, I have been developing various high-power density piezo-ceramic materials with the loss mechanism clarification. Hence, I considered that it was time to organize a textbook based on the previous studies, including my materials development philosophy to stimulate younger generations to reach to the energy density of up to 100 W/cm3 in the future. Increasing efficiency and saving energy and space (compactness) are one of the important approaches in this 21st-century "sustainable society." High-Power Piezoelectrics and Loss Mechanisims introduces the theoretical background of piezoelectrics, electromechanical phenomenology, loss mechanisms, practical materials, device designs, drive and characterization techniques, and typical applications, and looks forward to the future perspectives in this field. This book is NOT an overall review of this area, but it focuses on important and basic ideas under my development philosophy to understand how to design and develop high-power piezoelectric materials and devices. This textbook is designed for self-learning by the reader aided by the availability of: * Chapter Essentials - Summary for quick memory recovery * Check Points - Answers are provided in the Appendix * Example Problems - To enhance the reader's understanding with full, detailed solutions * Chapter Problems - For the final exam or further consideration

Microgrids provide opportunities to develop new electrical networks targeted for the needs of communities. The fourth industrial revolution is associated with the global trend toward decentralizing energy grids. Within this context, microgrids are seen as a solution to how renewable electricity can be supplied to local areas. The Fundamentals of Microgrids: Development and Implementation provides an in-depth examination of microgrid energy sources, applications, technologies, and policies. This book considers the fundamental configurations and applications for microgrids and examines their use as a means of meeting international sustainability goals. It focuses on questions and issues associated with microgrid topologies, development, implementation and regulatory issues. Distributed energy resources are defined, stand-a-lone generation systems are described and examples of typical microgrid configurations are provided. The key components of developing a business model for microgrid development are also considered. Features: Describes what microgrids are and details the basics of how they work while considering benefits of microgrids and their disadvantages. Provides answers to the fundamental questions energy managers and other professionals want to know about the basics of microgrids. Details the applications for microgrids and demystifies the types of microgrid architectures that are successful. Includes real-world examples of functioning microgrids which provide models for the development of microgrids in the future. Discusses the key considerations that must be addressed to develop a business case for microgrid development.

- the book can be used by beginners in the field, tracking from basic principles to how to bend the rules, in reader-friendly language throughout - the book is based on a popular blog which dovetails as a fantastic companion website: https://questionsindataviz.com/ - the author is a very experienced and well-respected practitioner in the field, with a good-size following on social media: https://twitter.com/theneilrichards

- the book can be used by beginners in the field, tracking from basic principles to how to bend the rules, in reader-friendly language throughout - the book is based on a popular blog which dovetails as a fantastic companion website: https://questionsindataviz.com/ - the author is a very experienced and well-respected practitioner in the field, with a good-size following on social media: https://twitter.com/theneilrichards

This collection covers different printed microstrip antenna designs,from rectangular to circular, broadband, dual-band, and millimeter-wave microstrip antennas to microstrip arrays. It further presents a new analysis of the rectangular and circular microstrip antenna efficiency and surface wave phenomena. The book Covers the latest advances and applications of microstrip antennas Discusses methods and techniques used for the enhancement of the performance parameters of the microstrip antenna Presents low-power wide area network (LPWAN) proximity-coupled antenna for Internet of Things applications. Highlights a new analysis of rectangular and circular microstrip antenna efficiency and surface wave phenomena. Showcases implantable antennas, H-shaped antennas, and wideband implantable antennas for biomedical applications Printed Antennas discusses the latest advances such as the Internet of Things for antenna applications, device-to-device communication, satellite communication, and wearable textile antenna in the field of communication. It further presents methods and techniques used for the enhancement of the performance parameters of the microstrip antenna and covers the design of conformal and miniaturized antenna structures for various applications. It will serve as an ideal reference text for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in fields including electrical engineering, electronics and communications engineering, and computer engineering.

Introduces historical background of SPL, including evolution of the technique and tools Explains the mechanism of sample modification/manipulation, types of AFM tips, technical parts of the experimental setup, and materials on which the technique can be applied Shows the different types of devices and structures fabricated by SPL, together with the processing steps Contains a complete and state-of-the art package of examples and different approaches, performed by different international research groups Summarizes strengths, limitations, and potential of SPL

Covers a variety materials, including hard materials, soft materials, metals, and composites Describes nanotechnology approaches, modern piezoelectric techniques, and physical and mechanical studies of the structure-sensitive properties of the materials Reviews advanced manufacturing for antenna applications and embroidered RFID tags for wearable applications Considers additive manufacturing of cellular solids and metal additive manufacturing Discusses advanced materials for sound absorption

This book seamlessly connects the topics of Industry 4.0 and cyber security. It discusses the risks and solutions of using cyber security techniques for Industry 4.0. Cyber Security and Operations Management for Industry 4.0 covers the cyber security risks involved in the integration of Industry 4.0 into businesses and highlights the issues and solutions. The book offers the latest theoretical and practical research in the management of cyber security issues common in Industry 4.0 and also discusses the ethical and legal perspectives of incorporating cyber security techniques and applications into the day-to-day functions of an organization. Industrial management topics related to smart factories, operations research, and value chains are also discussed. This book is ideal for industry professionals, researchers, and those in academia who are interested in learning more about how cyber security and Industry 4.0 are related and can work together.

This book facilitates the VLSI-interested individuals with not only in-depth knowledge, but also the broad aspects of it by explaining its applications in different fields, including image processing and biomedical. The deep understanding of basic concepts gives you the power to develop a new application aspect, which is very well taken care of in this book by using simple language in explaining the concepts. In the VLSI world, the importance of hardware description languages cannot be ignored, as the designing of such dense and complex circuits is not possible without them. Both Verilog and VHDL languages are used here for designing. The current needs of high-performance integrated circuits (ICs) including low power devices and new emerging materials, which can play a very important role in achieving new functionalities, are the most interesting part of the book. The testing of VLSI circuits becomes more crucial than the designing of the circuits in this nanometer technology era. The role of fault simulation algorithms is very well explained, and its implementation using Verilog is the key aspect of this book. This book is well organized into 20 chapters. Chapter 1 emphasizes on uses of FPGA on various image processing and biomedical applications. Then, the descriptions enlighten the basic understanding of digital design from the perspective of HDL in Chapters 2-5. The performance enhancement with alternate material or geometry for silicon-based FET designs is focused in Chapters 6 and 7. Chapters 8 and 9 describe the study of bimolecular interactions with biosensing FETs. Chapters 10-13 deal with advanced FET structures available in various shapes, materials such as nanowire, HFET, and their comparison in terms of device performance metrics calculation. Chapters 14-18 describe different application-specific VLSI design techniques and challenges for analog and digital circuit designs. Chapter 19 explains the VLSI testability issues with the description of simulation and its categorization into logic and fault simulation for test pattern generation using Verilog HDL. Chapter 20 deals with a secured VLSI design with hardware obfuscation by hiding the IC's structure and function, which makes it much more difficult to reverse engineer.

Discusses industrial impact of manufacturing process Provides novel fundamental manufacturing solutions Teaches classical and artificial manufacturing Covers advanced manufacturing of antennas, rectennas, filters, and RF amplifiers

This book addresses the need to understand the development, use, construction, and operation of smart microgrids (SMG). Covering selected major operations of SMG like dynamic energy management, demand response, and demand dispatch, it describes the design and operational challenges of different microgrids and provides feasible solutions for systems. Smart Micro Grid presents communication technologies and governing standards used in developing communication networks for realizing various smart services and applications in microgrids. An architecture facilitating bidirectional communication for smart distribution/microgrid is brought out covering aspects of its design, development and validation. The book is aimed at graduate, research students and professionals in power, power systems, and power electronics. Features: * Covers a broad overview of the benefits, the design and operation requirements, standards and communication requirements for deploying microgrids in distribution systems. * Explores issues related to planning, expansion, operation, type of microgrids, interaction among microgrid and distribution networks, demand response, and the technical requirements for the communication network. * Discusses current standards and common practices to develop and operate microgrids. * Describes technical issues and requirements for operating microgrids. * Illustrates smart communication architecture and protocols.

Sensors are all around us. They are in phones, cars, planes, trains, robots, mils, lathes, packaging lines, chemical plants, power plants, etc. Modern technology could not exist without sensors. The sensors measure what we need to know and the control system then performs the desired actions. When an engineer builds any machine he or she needs to have basic understanding about sensors. Correct sensors need to be selected for the design right from the start. The designer needs to think about the ranges, required accuracy, sensor cost, wiring, correct installation and placement etc. Without the basic knowledge of sensors fundamental no machine can be built successfully today. The objective of this book is to provide the basic knowledge to electrical and mechanical engineers, engineering students and hobbyist from the field of sensors to help them with the selection of "proper" sensors for their designs. No background knowledge in electrical engineering is required, all the necessary basics are provided. The book explains how a sensor works, in what ranges it can be used, with what accuracy etc. It also provides examples of industrial application for selected sensors. The book covers all the major variables in mechanical engineering such as temperature, force, torque, pressure, humidity, position, speed, acceleration etc. The approach is always as follows: - Explain how the sensor works, what is the principle - Explain in what ranges and with what accuracy it can work - Describe its properties with charts, eventually equations - Give examples of such sensors including application examples

This Newnes manual provides a practical introduction to the standard methods and techniques of assembly and wiring of electrical and electromechanical control panels and equipment. Electricians and technicians will find this a useful reference during training and a helpful memory aid at work. This is a highly illustrated guide, designed for ready use. The contents are presented in pictures and checklists. Each page has a series of 'how-to' instructions and illustrations. In this way the subject is covered in a manner which is easy to follow. Each step adds up to a comprehensive course in control panel wiring.This new edition includes extra underlying theory to help the technician plus application notes and limitations of use. Simple programmable logic controllers (PLCs) are covered, as well as new information about EMC/EMI regulations and their impact.

The late 1980s saw the beginning of the PM brushless machine era, with the invention of high-energy density permanent magnets (PM) and the development of power electronics. Although induction motors are now the most popular electric motors, the impact of PM brushless machines on electromechanical drives is significant. Today, PM machines come second to induction machines. Replacement of electromagnetic field excitation systems by PMs brings the following benefits: No electrical energy is absorbed by the field excitation system and thus there are no excitation losses, causing substantial increase in efficiency Higher power density (kW/kg) and/or torque density (Nm/kg) than electromagnetic excitation Better dynamic performance than motors with electromagnetic excitation (higher magnetic flux density in the air gap) Simplification of construction and maintenance Less expensive for some types of machines Modern Permanent Magnet Electric Machines: Theory and Control serves as a textbook for undergraduate power engineering students who want to supplement and expand their knowledge in the fundamentals of magnetism, soft magnetic materials, permanent magnets (PMs), calculation of magnetic circuits with PMs, modern PM brushed DC machines and their controls, modern PM brushless DC motors and drive control, and modern PM generators. The book can help students learn more about electrical machines and can serve as a prescribed text for teaching elective undergraduate courses such as modern permanent magnet electrical machines. Since the book is written in a simple scientific language and without redundant mathematics, it can also be used by practicing engineers and managers employed in electrical machinery or electromagnetic device industries.

This book focuses on flame retardants (FR) for textile materials. It discusses basics of flame retardancy and flammability and covers various types of flame retardants and materials, including natural FRs, halogen, phosphorous, and nanomaterial-based FRs. This book also discusses methods of applications of FRs and discusses FRs and the environment. Covers a variety of interdisciplinary applications in the textile industry Emphasizes environmental aspects Reports on a large number of FR compounds studied globally Discusses in detail recent developments in halogen-free eco-friendly flame retardants Extensively describes basic aspects of flame retardancy and their measurements Aimed at the practitioner and textile engineering professional this work aims to ensure development of safe textile materials for various uses, including apparel, protective wear, floor coverings, upholstery, drapery, and others.