The book describes a method for modeling systems architecture, particularly of telecom networks and systems, although a large part can be used in a wider context. The method is called Sysnet Modeling and is based on a new modeling language, AML (Abstract systems Modeling Language), which is also described in the book. By applying Sysnet Modeling and AML, a formal model of the system is created. That model can be used for systems analysis as well as for communicating system knowledge to a broader audience of engineers in development projects. Inherent in sysnet modeling is the potential for considerable reduction in time spent on system implementation through the possibilities for code- and test-case generation.

Turbo Codes: Desirable and Designable introduces the basics of turbo codes in their different flavors (more specifically, parallel concatenated convolutional turbo codes and block turbo codes). Through the application of systemic design methodology that considers data transfer and storage as top priority candidates for optimization, the authors show how turbo codes can be implemented and the attractive performance results that can be achieved in throughput, latency and energy consumption. These solutions and results make turbo-codes close competitors to traditional coding scheme such as convolutional codes or algebraic codes.

Finally, a real-life prototype of parallel concatenated convolutional (turbo-) codes is presented. A complete turbo codes ASIC data-flow is described together with on-board power, speed and coding gain measurements that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

In recent years it has become increasingly apparent that conventional electrical networks cannot meet the requirements of the 21st century. These include reliability, efficiency, liberalisation of electricity markets, as well as effective and seamless integration of various types of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, and customers as players. The emergence of new technologies such as distributed control, monitoring devices, and tremendous advances in information and communication technology have paved the way to realize the Smart Grid concept. This book identifies and discusses the tools required to ensure the interoperability among the various digitally-based components of the Smart Grid. Topics covered include an introduction to the smart grid concept; smart grid versus conventional electric networks; smart grid infrastructure; interoperability standards; communication system and its cyber security; international standard IEC 61850 and its application to smart grids; power system protection under smart grid environment; application of smart grid concept to distribution networks; integration of electric vehicles; energy storage systems; and the smart transmission grid. Introduction to the Smart Grid: Concepts, technologies and evolution is essential reading for researchers, engineers and advanced students working in energy engineering.

In racent years the LSI technology has witnessed a revoluti onary development, and allowed substantial reductions in the size and cost of digital logic circuitry. Computer system building blocks have progressed from the level of discrete components to the level of complex ICs involving many logic circuits on a single "chip." The invention and wide applica tions of microprocessors have changed the philosophy of the signal processing, measurement and control engineering fields. The microprocessor-based digital signal processing systems and controllers have replaced the conventional ones based on standard analog and digital computing equipment. The first microprocessors and "on-chip" computers have appeared towards the end of 71 beginning 72. Their evolution since then and the number of applications, in which they have been utilized, have both been extremely spectacular. New system concepts and hardware/software tools are steadily under development to sup port the microprocessor in its multiple and complex tasks. The goal of this book is to provide a cohesive and well-balan ced set of contributions dealing with important aspects and applications of microprocessors to signal processing, measu rement and system control. The majority of contributions in clude sufficient review material and present rather complete treatments of the respective topics."

The theory of finite fields is of central importance in engineering and computer science, because of its applications to error-correcting codes, cryptography, spread-spectrum communications, and digital signal processing. Though not inherently difficult, this subject is almost never taught in depth in mathematics courses, (and even when it is the emphasis is rarely on the practical aspect). Indeed, most students get a brief and superficial survey which is crammed into a course on error-correcting codes. It is the object of this text to remedy this situation by presenting a thorough introduction to the subject which is completely sound mathematically, yet emphasizes those aspects of the subject which have proved to be the most important for applications. This book is unique in several respects. Throughout, the emphasis is on fields of characteristic 2, the fields on which almost all applications are based. The importance of Euclid's algorithm is stressed early and often. Berlekamp's polynomial factoring algorithm is given a complete explanation. The book contains the first treatment of Berlekamp's 1982 bit-serial multiplication circuits, and concludes with a thorough discussion of the theory of m-sequences, which are widely used in communications systems of many kinds.

This book presents developments and new results on complex differential-difference equations, an area with important and interesting applications, which also gathers increasing attention. Key problems, methods, and results related to complex differential-difference equations are collected to offer an up-to-date overview of the field.

"Applications of Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks" explores the fields of image processing, including image filtering, image segmentation, image fusion, image coding, image retrieval, and biometric recognition, and the role of pulse-coupled neural networks in these fields. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, electronic engineering, and computer science. Prof. Yide Ma conducts research on intelligent information processing, biomedical image processing, and embedded system development at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.

"Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in PEM Fuel Cells" discusses one of the most powerful and useful diagnostic tools for various aspects of the study of fuel cells: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). This comprehensive reference on EIS fundamentals and applications in fuel cells contains information about basic principles, measurements, and fuel cell applications of the EIS technique. Many illustrated examples are provided to ensure maximum clarity and observability of the spectra. "Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in PEM Fuel Cells" will enable readers to explore the frontiers of EIS technology in PEM fuel cell research and other electrochemical systems. As well as being a useful text for electrochemists, it can also help researchers who are unfamiliar with EIS to learn the technique quickly and to use it correctly in their fuel cell research. Managers or entrepreneurs may also find this book a useful guide to accessing the challenges and opportunities in fuel cell technology.

Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconducting Coils and Their Applications for Energy Storage addresses the practical electric power applications of high-temperature superconductors. It validates the concept of a prototype energy storage system using newly available 2G HTS conductors by investigating the process of building a complete system from the initial design to the final experiment. It begins with a clear introduction of the related background and then presents a comprehensive design of a superconducting energy storage system that can store maximum energy using a limited length of superconductors. The author has created a modeling environment for analysis of the system and also presents experimental results that are highly consistent with his theoretical calculations.

This thesis describes a new approach to the construction of "solar cells." Following nature's example, this approach has the goal to find a biomimetic self-assembling dye, whose aggregates can mimic the natural light-harvesting system of special photosynthetic active bacteria. The thesis investigates methods to control the self-assembly such that suitable dye aggregates are formed with high internal order and size-confinement. The dye aggregates can be implemented into a new type of "solar cells," designed to combine the advantages of "hybrid solar cells" and "solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells" (ss-DSSCs): dye aggregate solar cells (DASCs). This book describes the construction and first tests of a prototype for DASCs on the basis of the investigated dye aggregates. The described approach has the advantage that it will enable to build up a light-harvesting system fully synthetically in large scale in order to realize low-cost, light-weight and environmentally friendly solar cells - a worthwhile goal towards the exploitation of clean energy from sunlight.

This book introduces readers to two major sustainable applications of linear synchronous machines: wave energy conversion and magnetic levitation train technology. To do so, it begins with a state-of-the-art review of linear machines, covering induction and synchronous topologies and their applications, with a particular focus on sustainable applications. This is followed by an analysis of the electromagnetic modeling of linear synchronous machines, the goal being to investigate their main features, especially their force production capabilities.

The volume includes a set of selected papers extended and revised from the 2011 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA 2011). 2011 International Conference on Computer, Communication, Control and Automation (3CA 2011) has been held in Zhuhai, China, November 19-20, 2011. This volume topics covered include signal and Image processing, speech and audio Processing, video processing and analysis, artificial intelligence, computing and intelligent systems, machine learning, sensor and neural networks, knowledge discovery and data mining, fuzzy mathematics and Applications, knowledge-based systems, hybrid systems modeling and design, risk analysis and management, system modeling and simulation. We hope that researchers, graduate students and other interested readers benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process.

Numbers, Information and Complexity is a collection of about 50 articles in honour of Rudolf Ahlswede. His main areas of research are represented in the three sections, `Numbers and Combinations', `Information Theory (Channels and Networks, Combinatorial and Algebraic Coding, Cryptology, with the related fields Data Compression, Entropy Theory, Symbolic Dynamics, Probability and Statistics)', and `Complexity'. Special attention was paid to the interplay between the fields. Surveys on topics of current interest are included as well as new research results. The book features surveys on Combinatorics about topics such as intersection theorems, which are not yet covered in textbooks, several contributions by leading experts in data compression, and relations to Natural Sciences are discussed.

Model Predictive Control for Doubly-Fed Induction Generators and Three-Phase Power Converters describes the application of model predictive control techniques with modulator and finite control sets to squirrel cage induction motor and in doubly-fed induction generators using field orientation control techniques as both current control and direct power control. Sections discuss induction machines, their key modulation techniques, introduce the utility of model predictive control, review core concepts of vector control, direct torque control, and direct power control alongside novel approaches of MPC. Mathematical modeling of cited systems, MPC theory, their applications, MPC design and simulation in MATLAB are also considered in-depth. The work concludes by addressing implementation considerations, including generator operation under voltage sags or distorted voltage and inverters connected to the grid operating under distorted voltage. Experimental results are presented in full.

The role of energy in the modern world goes beyond mere technology and economics to influence welfare, environment, life quality and, broadly, civilisation. Since the industrial revolution, energy conversion technology has been at the forefront of innovation required to satisfy the needs of mankind. This technology more than others has always been very dependent on the performance of the materials used; especially over the last two decades during which efficiency and environmental concerns have become challenging objectives. In this context the European Commission has developed significant collaborative programmes in Europe within the COST framework, to enhance the state of the art in this technology. The Li ge Conferences pursue the mission to report on the achievements of these programmes in the light of progress made elsewhere. The first four conferences in this series were held in 1978, 1982, 1986 and 1990, and provided the opportunity to present and review the work of the European Materials Collaborative Programmes COST-50 (gas turbines), COST-505 (steam turbines) and COST- 501 (energy conversion from fossil fuels). The proceedings of these conferences were published by Applied Science Publishers (1978) and by D. ReideIlKluwer Publishing Company (1982, 1986 and 1990). While the first two Conferences have dealt essentially with high temperature alloys for gas turbines (COST 50), the third and fourth Conferences held in 1986 and 1990 were concerned with a broader range of topics, including the work of the third round of COST-50 (1972-1983), that of COST-50l, which was initiated in 1981 and COST 505 (1983-1990).

The authors, writing with the experience and technological background of Electricite de France, an organisation at the forefront of simulation methods, provide a comprehensive and comprehensible treatment of the modelling and simulation techniques currently in use. The text emphasises model design applied to power plants producing energy, generators and motors carrying out energy transformations and networks transmitting energy. The systems are analysed considering each process, from steady state to fast transients, with detailed explanation of the problem to be solved, the choice of models and methods for optimising efficiency. Many examples and references are provided. The book is essential reading for anyone involved in power system engineering, from practising design and development engineers to researchers and postgraduate and advanced graduate students.

Building Scalable Network Services: Theory and Practice is on building scalable network services on the Internet or in a network service provider's network. The focus is on network services that are provided through the use of a set of servers. The authors present a tiered scalable network service model and evaluate various services within this architecture. The service model simplifies design tasks by implementing only the most basic functionalities at lower tiers where the need for scalability dominates functionality.
The book includes a number of theoretical results that are practical and applicable to real networks, such as building network-wide measurement, monitoring services, and strategies for building better P2P networks. Various issues in scalable system design and placement algorithms for service nodes are discussed. Using existing network services as well as potentially new but useful services as examples, the authors formalize the problem of placing service nodes and provide practical solutions for them.

This edited collection opens up new intellectual territories and articulates the ways in which academics are theorising and practicing new forms of research in 'wild' contexts. Many researchers are choosing to leave the familiarity of their laboratory-based settings in order to pursue in-situ studies 'in the wild' that can help them to better understand the implications of their work in real-world settings. This has naturally led to ethical, philosophical and practical reappraisals with regard to the taken for granted lab-based modus operandi of scientific, cultural and design-based ways of working. This evolving movement has led to a series of critical debates opening up around the nature of research in the wild, but up until now these debates have not been drawn together in a coherent way that could be useful in an academic context. The book brings together applied, methodological and theoretical perspectives relating to this subject area, and provides a platform and a source of reference material for researchers, students and academics to base their work on. Cutting across multiple disciplines relating to philosophy, sociology, ethnography, design, human-computer interaction, science, history and critical theory, this timely collection appeals to a broad range of academics in varying fields of research.

Sustainable energy services to customers - a balanced choice and coordination of energy generated by traditional and alternative sources - are the subject of this new innovative book. The myriad factors involved in modeling an effective sustainable power system are overwhelming. The Green Islands project represents a decade of work by over a dozen researchers who have developed a model designed to utilize the potential of distributed clean resources. The key is the proper use of Information Technology (IT).Sited on two islands in the Azores, the project developed the model of careful forecasting of demand and supply, down to the minute, coordinating the output of conventional power plants, wind energy, fly wheels, hydroelectricity, demand reduction, and even plug-in electric vehicles to take full advantage of the clean resources available. The energy contingencies of the remote islands are not unique. The issues of integrating promising clean technologies, such as wind, into a complex power grid are challenging in geographically far-flung, island-scale, power systems.
Model-based sensing, communications, and decision-making algorithms to coordinate adaptive load management (ALM) could enable customers to utilize just-in-time (JIT), just-in-place (JIP), and just-in-context (JIC) energy resources. The distribution of flexible and efficient energy to customers is the goal. The model the authors have developed could change the way power portfolios are built. A new perspective for optimization of green energy is presented in this book. Additional data provided online via Springer represents a repository of real-world electric energy systems and its IT-enabled smarts."

Transient Stability of Power Systems is a monograph devoted to a hybrid-direct temporal method called SIME (for Single Machine Equivalent). SIME processes temporal information about the multimachine system dynamics to assess and control any type of transient instabilities under any type and model of power systems. Two approaches may be distinguished depending upon the source of information used: Preventative SIME' which relies on a time-domain program to simulate anticipated contingencies, and Emergency SIME' which uses real-time measurements. Preventative SIME mainly comprises two techniques: contingency filtering, ranking, and assessment; and (simultaneous) stabilization of harmful contingencies. The resulting preventative transient stability assessment and control (TSA&C) software can be used in all application contexts of transient stability studies. In a control center, for instance, its computational performances enable it to cope with very stringent requirements of real-time operation. Besides, interfacing SIME with an OPF algorithm allows combining transient stability constraints with specifics of the liberalized electricity market. Emergency SIME is a novel closed-loop control technique which contains the transient instabilities caused by contingencies' actual occurrence. It relies on real-time measurements to predict (the size of) instability and, accordingly, to design and trigger control actions able to impede system loss of synchronism. Emergency SIME is particularly suitable for protecting important generation sites and can complement preventative SIME. Both approaches rely on the same principles and basic software which yields a comprehensive and unified approach toTSA&C. The design of near optimal control techniques is a major asset of this software. This book provides extensive illustrations on a variety of power systems ranging from a simple 3-machine test system to real-world power systems comprising up to 627 generators and 4112 busses. Transient Stability of Power Systems will be especially helpful to researchers, utility engineers, and software designers and developers who are developing various types of transient stability software packages.

a oeHydrogen-based Autonomous Power Systemsa analyses the introduction of hydrogen energy technologies in autonomous power systems based on renewable energy sources (RES). The book contains a review of hydrogen technologies suitable for RES-based autonomous power systems, presents already-existing demonstration hydrogen-based power systems, and provides concrete examples for the integration of hydrogen technologies into existing autonomous power systems. Technical and economic analyses of hydrogen-based power systems are included, with illustrations and graphs, which are a useful tool for conducting pre-feasibility analyses of such power systems. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and students in the fields of hydrogen energy technologies, renewable energy power systems, and distributed generation.

The Core Test Wrapper Handbook: Rationale and Application of IEEE Std. 1500tm provides insight into the rules and recommendations of IEEE Std. 1500. This book focuses on practical design considerations inherent to the application of IEEE Std. 1500 by discussing design choices and other decisions relevant to this IEEE standard. The authors provide background information about some of the choices and decisions made throughout the design of IEEE Std. 1500.

New directives in the European Union forced the national governments to release new laws on the collection and recycling of electronic waste. Producers of electrical/electronic equipment are now required to fulfill several tasks on an administrational level, such as registration and regular declarations, as well as ensure take back and recycling operationally. The national laws and requirements strongly differ from country to country and created a lot of confusion in the past. In this book, consultants from 26 EU member states give a clear and structured recipe how this complicated procedure can be done in the corresponding country. This makes the book being an essential tool for the electrics industry, in particular for international companies.

Adaptive radio transceivers require a comprehensive theoretical framework in order to optimize their performance. Adaptive Low-Power Circuits for Wireless Communications provides this framework with a discussion of joint optimization of Noise Figure and Input Intercept Point in receiver systems. Original techniques to optimize voltage controlled oscillators and low-noise amplifiers to minimize their power consumption while maintaining adequate system performance are also provided. The experimental results presented at the end of the book confirm the utility of the proposed techniques.