The growth in part-time employment has been one of the most striking features in industrialized economies over the past forty years. This work discusses the controversial debates surrounding the subject - is part-time work better than unemployment or is social welfare a disincentive to taking up part-time work, is this kind of work becoming an increasingly normal part of most people's working lives, or does it remain a female ghetto of low pay, low pensions and low labour standards. The book presents a systematically comparative analysis of the common and divergent patterns in the use of part-time work in Europe, America and the Pacific Rim. It brings together sociologists and economists in this wide-ranging and comprehensive survey, tackling such areas as gender issues, ethnic questions and the differences between certain national economies.

The growth in part-time employment has been one of the most striking features in industrialized economies over the past forty years. Part-Time Prospects presents for the first time a systematically comparative analysis of the common and divergent patterns in the use of part-time work in Europe, America and the Pacific Rim. It brings together sociologists and economists in this wide-ranging and comprehensive survey. It tackles such areas as gender issues, ethnic questions and the differences between certain national economies including low pay, pensions and labour standards.

The movement for European integration has yielded a European Union of fifteen states with a unified monetary system that will eventually embrace over 370 million people. If current trends continue, an average of one in ten of these people will be unemployed. This book is about unemployment and European unification. It examines the consequences of each and their interconnections. It presents general essays on Europe as a whole, on labor unions and on a variety of case studies including Spain, Portugal and the Netherlands. Its central argument is that the European economy should be reformed but that it should retain many of its managed aspects and be wary of modeling itself on the United States. The book contributes to the literature on European politics, political economy, and comparative public policy.

Teleworking is an up-to-date, groundbreaking and comprehensive assessment of teleworking. It includes
* multidisciplinary contributions drawing on sociology, management science, economics, philosophy and information technology
* analysis of post-modern and post-industrial theoretical contexts
* a selection of empirical studies from across the world
* accounts of different modes of teleworking, from homeworking to centre-based working
* examination of the links between teleworking and the virtual organisation
Wide-ranging, detailed and original, this book is a valuable introduction to teleworking and an important contribution to the debate on the future of the labour market.

This up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of teleworking is based upon a conference at Brunel University, which was sponsored by BT and the European Commission. The book features contributions from a range of international and interdisciplinary perspectives. As well as an original analysis of the theoretical context of the post-industrial and postmodern world, it also contains detailed empirical studies of telworking in a number of different countries. Contributors explore many of the main issues in teleworking drawing on insights from business, economics, sociology and information systems. These include: conceptualizing teleworking; the management of spatial, temporal and cultural boundaries; the possibility of the virtual organization; integrating teleworking into an organizational perspective. This work provides an introduction to teleworking and a contribution to the debate on the future of the labour market.

Which kinds of growth lead to increased employment and which do not? This is one of the questions that this important volume attempts to answer. The book explores the complex relationships between innovation, growth and employment that are vital for both research into, and policy for, the creation of jobs. Politicians claiming that more rapid growth would remedy unemployment do not usually specify what kind of growth is meant. Is it, for example, economic (GDP) or productivity growth? Growing concern over 'jobless growth' requires both policymakers and researchers to make such distinctions, and to clarify their employment implications. The authors initially address their theoretical approach to, and conceptualization of, innovation and employment, where the distinction between process and product innovations and between high-tech and low-tech goods and services are central. They go on to address the relationship between innovation and employment, using empirical material to analyse the effects that different kinds of innovations have upon job creation and destruction. Finally, the volume summarizes the findings and addresses conclusions as well as policy implications. This book will be of great interest to those involved in research and policy in the fields of macroeconomics (economic growth and employment), industrial economics and innovation.

This book introduces readers to some key concepts in post-Keynesian and heterodox economics, in particular the importance of finance in relation to income distribution and growth. The book explores various aspects of financialization, such as its role in pension funds, and explores its consequences especially in developing economies. Readers will recognize other key concepts such as the role of banks, and the effectiveness of monetary policy and its transmission mechanism, and unconventional policies, such as quantitative easing. Considerable space is given to income inequality, a topic that has become increasingly important. Authors explore the growing importance of household debt, and policies that could address inequality. Finally, the book discusses the rising importance of dualism, a much under-researched topic in heterodox economics. Policy makers and scholars alike, especially those in Heterodox Economics, will find the book a much need addition to the field.

After more than 20 years of mass unemployment in Britain and throughout much of Europe can the aspiration of "jobs for all" once again become a reality? This text considers the feasibility of full employment in a modern market economy. The book is written by aothors who were pivotal in pushing full employment up the political agenda in the mid 1990s. They identify the hard choices which policy makers must face and discuss why full employment has been so elusive for the past 20 years. The authors examine: the effects of new technology and increased trade; the increased participation of women in the labour market; the impact of labour market regulation on employment; worksharing; how welfare reform can help the long term unemployed into jobs; the role of industrial policy; and reform of pay bargaining.

Working For Full Employment draws upon contributions from experienced labour market experts and public policy analysts. Together they provide a readable and stimulating perspective on new ways to combat mass joblessness. Topics covered include the effects of new technology and increased trade, the increased participation of women in the labour market, the impact of labour market regulation on employment, worksharing, how welfare reforms can help the long-term unemployed into jobs, the role of industrial policy, and reform of pay bargaining. The book's central arguments are also relevant to the concepts of 'social cohesion' and the 'stakeholder economy' which are set to become dominant political themes in the next few years. This accessible book will be a valuable guide to economists, policy-makers and everyone with an interest in employment changes.

The problem of mass unemployment in Western Europe has persisted since the early 1980s. Clearly the policies implemented by national governments and the EU have not been successful in adequately tackling this important social, economic and political issue. This volume presents a comparative analysis of the present situation. It looks at how the orthodox unemployment policies of contemporary governments have failed and what new policies might be introduced. A number of radical unemployment policies, from Germany, France, Italy, Britain, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland and the EU, are outlined. These are investigated with a view to identifying the conditions under which they might become standard components of national and EU strategies to bring down unemployment.

The problem of mass unemployment in Western Europe has persisted since the early 1980s. Clearly the policies implemented by national governments and the EU have not been successful in adequately tackling this important social, economic and political issue. This volume presents a comparative analysis of the present situation. It looks at how the orthodox unemployment policies of contemporary governments have failed and what new policies might be introduced. A number of radical unemployment policies, from Germany, France, Italy, Britain, Spain, Denmark, Norway, Switzerland and the EU, are outlined. These are investigated with a view to identifying the conditions under which they might become standard components of national and EU strategies to bring down unemployment.

A collection of papers that address unemployment as a social phenomenon. It suggests there are solutions if society is willing to take the steps necessary to find and implement them. Focus is on the persistent unemployment in the USA and the UK.

A collection of papers that address unemployment as a social phenomenon. It suggests there are solutions if society is willing to take the steps necessary to find and implement them. Focus is on the persistent unemployment in the USA and the UK.

Unemployment is the most serious economic and social problem currently confronting the European Union. Although the extent varies from region to region, it is generally most extreme in large cities. Over recent years it has continued to increase, despite a plethora of active labour market policies to combat it. The author looks at unemployment in Europe, asks why it is so high and looks at the policies designed to curb it. The volume examines a number of issues including unemployment in Europe contrasted with other developing economies; the special factors at a local level that can affect the level of urban unemployment; European Union policy on unemployment and the allocation of funds; case studies of five major European cities currently experiencing high levels of unemployment; and an analysis of proposals for the future. This work should be a valuable guide for all those interested in the wider aspects of urban unemployment in Europe.

Presents the author's alternative monetary theory and macroeconomics to both the quality theory and Keynes's work. This text reveals Means's view of the economic processes in the real world, and the state of monetary and macroeconomics theory in the mid-1940s.

Presents the author's alternative monetary theory and macroeconomics to both the quality theory and Keynes's work. This text reveals Means's view of the economic processes in the real world, and the state of monetary and macroeconomics theory in the mid-1940's.

This title was first published in 2002: Analyzing labour market trends in sub-Saharan Africa since 1970, this volume employs data collected from the International Labor Organization (ILO), United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO) and World Bank (the RPED surveys). It examines the economics of the labour market against the presistent decline in real wages over some 20 years in some of these countries. Setting the African story against the background of wage-employment trends in other regions of the world, the author proceeds to examine the impact of this decline on the rural-urban earnings gap. The consequences of the declining wage levels on the lifetime earnings of workers and on trends in labour productivity are then discussed, followed by an analysis of the employment and wage structure in African manufacturing firms.

In the aftermath of the global recession, job creation is a policy priority. While it is a well-accepted fact that the majority of jobs are created by small and medium-sized enterprises, not all SMEs are rapidly growing, or even intend to expand. With limited public budgets, business models within the SME population that do show high job creation potential become very attractive. One of the business types identified as major engines of job creation are 'born globals' characterised as firms which engage intensively in internationalisation activities shortly after start-up. They are high on the entrepreneurship research agenda but so far little attention has been devoted to their potential as job creators, the processes they apply when hiring and the barriers they face. Through a combination of secondary data analysis, literature reviews and international case studies, European Born Globals sheds new light on the motivations and processes of job creation in born global firms. It will contribute to understanding the 'why' and 'how' of job creation in born globals, essential not only for policy makers, but also for academic research and management education.

"Idle Hands" offers a major social history of unemployment in Britain over the last 200 years. It focuses on the experiences of working people in becoming unemployed, coping with unemployment and searching for work, and their reactions and responses to their problems. Direct evidence of the impact of unemployment is drawn from extensive personal biographies.

Since the time of Keynes macroeconomists have been concerned with the effectiveness of stabilization policies in reaching full employment. However no one has provided a convincing argument that this goal is universally desirable. Thus the book's main thesis is that Pareto optimality - the guiding principle of policy evaluation, because some gain and nobody loses - does not apply to macroeconomic policies and that full employment is essentially a political aim. The book is divided into three parts. The first is historical: it examines the limited literature on the optimality of macroeconomic goals and the record of successive governments in achieving the goals they have set. The second part presents a theory of the labour market, and an evaluation of welfare changes from rising or falling real wages. The concluding part looks at public choice decisions, especially those related to spending and taxation, from an individualistic perspective. Although originally intended to show what sacrifices are necessary in collective decisions, the aim is now to maximize your own benefit from government spending and to avoid as much of the burden of taxation as possible.

Since the time of Keynes macroeconomists have been concerned with the effectiveness of stabilization policies in reaching full employment. However no one has provided a convincing argument that this goal is universally desirable. Thus the book's main thesis is that Pareto optimality - the guiding principle of policy evaluation, because some gain and nobody loses - does not apply to macroeconomic policies and that full employment is essentially a political aim. The book is divided into three parts. The first is historical: it examines the limited literature on the optimality of macroeconomic goals and the record of successive governments in achieving the goals they have set. The second part presents a theory of the labour market, and an evaluation of welfare changes from rising or falling real wages. The concluding part looks at public choice decisions, especially those related to spending and taxation, from an individualistic perspective. Although originally intended to show what sacrifices are necessary in collective decisions, the aim is now to maximize your own benefit from government spending and to avoid as much of the burden of taxation as possible.

Herbert Hoover, Unemployment, and the Public Sphere examines the fulfillment of Hoover's ideas in the area of unemployment between 1919 and 1933. The economic system Herbert Hoover envisioned, one based on cooperation and individual initiative with limited government, and the language he used to promote this system defined New Era discourse. His American Individualism, printed in 1923, served as the political philosophy of the administrations of the 1920s. In his discourse from 1919-1921, Hoover expanded the criteria- the conceptual definitions of virtue and liberty. The book includes a foreword by Mary O. Furner.

Employment is a critical part of the macro-economy and a key driver of economic development. India's employment policy over the past three decades provides an important case study for understanding how government attitudes to the labour market contribute to an emerging economy's growth and development. This study contains important insights on the policy challenges faced by one of the world's most populous, labour abundant economies in securing employment in a context of structural change. The book considers India's approach to employment policy from a national and global perspective and whether policy settings promote employment intensive growth. Chapters in the first half of the volume evaluate India's approach to employment policy within the national and international context. This includes the ILO Decent Work program, the national agenda for inclusive growth, and national regulatory frameworks for labour and education. Chapters in the second half of the volume focus on how employment policy works in practice and its impact on manufacturing workers, the self-employed, women, and rural workers. These chapters draw attention to the contradictions within the current policy regime and the need for new approaches. Employment Policy in Emerging Economies will interest scholars, policy makers and students of the Indian economy and South Asia more generally. It will support undergraduate and postgraduate academic teaching in courses on economic development, global political economy, the Indian economy and global labour.

Politicians and school officials often argue that higher education is the solution to many of our social, and economic problems. Educating Inequality argues that in order to reduce inequality and enhance social mobility, public policies are needed to revamp the financial aid system and increase the number of good jobs. Exploring topics such as the fairness of the current social system, the focus on individual competition in an unequal society, and democracy and capitalism in higher education, this important book seeks to uncover the major myths that shape how people view higher education and its relation to the economy. Looking to models that generate economic mobility and social equality, this book advocates a broader vision for public higher education to promote universal equality and global awareness.

After an introduction which offers historical perspective, articles address corporate career issues; fields where being gay is charged with especial stress (the military, the church, the helping professions, education, sports); and AIDS in the workplace. A final section considers social-psychologic