This book provides an overview of contemporary trends and challenges in maritime energy management (MEM). Coordinated action is necessary to achieve a low carbon and energy-efficient maritime future, and MEM is the prevailing framework aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions resulting from maritime industry activities. The book familiarizes readers with the status quo in the field, and paves the way for finding solutions to perceived challenges. The 34 contributions cover six important aspects: regulatory framework; energy-efficient ship design; energy efficient ship and port operation; economic and social dimensions; alternative fuels and wind-assisted ship propulsion; and marine renewable energy. This pioneering work is intended for researchers and academics as well as practitioners and policymakers involved in this important field.

This book outlines how Germans convinced their politicians to pass laws allowing citizens to make their own energy, even when it hurt utility companies to do so. It traces the origins of the Energiewende movement in Germany from the Power Rebels of Schoenau to German Chancellor Angela Merkel's shutdown of eight nuclear power plants following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident. The authors explore how, by taking ownership of energy efficiency at a local level, community groups are key actors in the bottom-up fight against climate change. Individually, citizens might install solar panels on their roofs, but citizen groups can do much more: community wind farms, local heat supply, walkable cities and more. This book offers evidence that the transition to renewables is a one-time opportunity to strengthen communities and democratize the energy sector - in Germany and around the world.

This book is a compilation of recent research on distributed optimization algorithms for the integral load management of plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) fleets and their potential services to the electricity system. It also includes detailed developed Matlab scripts. These algorithms can be implemented and extended to diverse applications where energy management is required (smart buildings, railways systems, task sharing in micro-grids, etc.). The proposed methodologies optimally manage PEV fleets' charge and discharge schedules by applying classical optimization, game theory, and evolutionary game theory techniques. Taking owner's requirements into consideration, these approaches provide services like load shifting, load balancing among phases of the system, reactive power supply, and task sharing among PEVs. The book is intended for use in graduate optimization and energy management courses, and readers are encouraged to test and adapt the scripts to their specific applications.

The Renewable Energy Systems: Fundamentals and Source Characteristics is a set book coming in two volumes. The first volume is named "Fundamentals and Source Characteristics of Renewable Energy Systems". It will cover electric energy from alternative energy sources including solar, wind, water, hydropower, geothermal and ocean energy. This textbook is intended for an audience with little or no power engineering or renewable energy background. The second volume is called "Energy Storage, Grid Integration, Energy Economics and the Environment". This book will cover energy storage systems, bioenergy and hydrogen economy, grid integration of the renewable energy systems, distributed generation, economic analysis and environmental impacts of renewable energy systems. Solutions manual and Power Point slides are also included for instructors.

This book discusses the physics of the dynamics of ions in various ionically conducting materials, and applications including electrical energy generation and storage. The experimental techniques for measurements and characterization, molecular dynamics simulations, the theories of ion dynamics, and applications are all addressed by the authors, who are experts in their fields. The experimental techniques of measurement and characterization of dynamics of ions in glassy, crystalline, and liquid ionic conductors are introduced with the dual purpose of introducing the reader to the experimental activities of the field, and preparing the reader to understand the physical quantities derived from experiments. These experimental techniques include calorimetry, conductivity relaxation, nuclear magnetic resonance, light scattering, neutron scattering, and others. Methods of molecular dynamics simulations are introduced to teach the reader to utilize the technique for practical applications to specific problems. The results elucidate the dynamics of ions on some issues that are not accessible by experiments. The properties of ion dynamics in glassy, crystalline and liquid ionic conductors brought forth by experiments and simulations are shown to be universal, i.e. independent of physical and chemical structure of the ionic conductor as long as ion-ion interaction is the dominant factor. Moreover these universal properties of ion dynamics are shown to be isomorphic to other complex interacting systems including the large class of glass-forming materials with or without ionic conductivity.By covering the basic concepts, theories/models, experimental techniques and data, molecular dynamics simulations, and relating them together, Dynamics of Glassy, Crystalline and Liquid Ionic Conductors will be of great interest to many in basic and applied research areas from the broad and diverse communities of condensed matter physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers. The book also provides the fundamentals for an introduction to the field and it is written in such a way that can be used for teaching courses either at the undergraduate or graduate level in academic institutions.

This open access book focuses on the meanings, agendas, as well as the local and global implications of bioeconomy and bioenergy policies in and across South America, Asia and Europe. It explores how a transition away from a fossil and towards a bio-based economic order alters, reinforces and challenges socio-ecological inequalities. The volume presents a historically informed and empirically rich discussion of bioeconomy developments with a particular focus on bio-based energy. A series of conceptual discussions and case studies with a multidisciplinary background in the social sciences illuminate how the deployment of biomass sources from the agricultural and forestry sectors affect societal changes concerning knowledge production, land and labour relations, political participation and international trade. How can a global perspective on socio-ecological inequalities contribute to a complex and critical understanding of bioeconomy? Who participates in the negotiation of specific bioeconomy policies and who does not? Who determines the agenda? To what extent does the bioeconomy affect existing socio-ecological inequalities in rural areas? What are the implications of the bioeconomy for existing relations of extraction and inequalities across regions? The volume is an invitation to reflect upon these questions and more, at a time when the need for an ecological and socially just transition away from a carbon intensive economy is becoming increasingly pressing.

This book shows how the links between energy security and national and international law and policies on green energy pose challenges to a transition towards a green energy system. Based on empirical work carried out in two very different country case studies - Great Britain and Brazil - this book attempts to foster a better understanding of the role played by energy security in constructing and deconstructing green energy policy initiatives. The broad range of views raised in national contexts leads to legal disputes in international forums when attempts are made to address the issues of this energy security/green energy interplay. As such, building on the findings of the case studies, this book then analyses the interplay between energy security and green energy development in international trade law as encapsulated in the law of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). Finally, the author proposes a way forward in creating the legal space in the law of the WTO for trade restrictive measures aimed at ensuring green energy security.

Smart grid (SG), also called intelligent grid, is a modern improvement of the traditional power grid that will revolutionize the way electricity is produced, delivered, and consumed. Studying key concepts such as advanced metering infrastructure, distribution management systems, and energy management systems will support the design of a cost-effective, reliable, and efficient supply system, and will create a real-time bidirectional communication means and information exchange between the consumer and the grid operator of electric power. Optimizing and Measuring Smart Grid Operation and Control is a critical reference source that presents recent research on the operation, control, and optimization of smart grids. Covering topics that include phase measurement units, smart metering, and synchrophasor technologies, this book examines all aspects of modern smart grid measurement and control. It is designed for engineers, researchers, academicians, and students.

As regulations push the fossil fuel industry toward increasing standards of eco-friendliness and environmental sustainability, desulfurization (the removal of SO2 from industrial waste byproducts) presents a new and unique challenge that current technology is not equipped to address. Advances in nanotechnology offer exciting new opportunities poised to revolutionize desulfurization processes. Applying Nanotechnology to the Desulfurization Process in Petroleum Engineering explores recent developments in the field, including the use of nanomaterials for biodesulfurization and hydrodesulfurization. The timely research presented in this volume targets an audience of engineers, researchers, educators as well as students at the undergraduate and post-graduate levels.

IFToMM conferences have a history of success due to the various advances achieved in the field of rotor dynamics over the past three decades. These meetings have since become a leading global event, bringing together specialists from industry and academia to promote the exchange of knowledge, ideas, and information on the latest developments in the dynamics of rotating machinery. The scope of the conference is broad, including e.g. active components and vibration control, balancing, bearings, condition monitoring, dynamic analysis and stability, wind turbines and generators, electromechanical interactions in rotor dynamics and turbochargers. The proceedings are divided into four volumes. This fourth volume covers the following main topics: aero-engines; turbochargers; eolian (wind) generators; automotive rotating systems; and hydro power plants.

This book describes methods for distributing power in high speed, high complexity integrated circuits with power levels exceeding many tens of watts and power supplies below a volt. It provides a broad and cohesive treatment of power delivery and management systems and related design problems, including both circuit network models and design techniques for on-chip decoupling capacitors, providing insight and intuition into the behavior and design of on-chip power distribution systems. Organized into subareas to provide a more intuitive flow to the reader, this fourth edition adds more than a hundred pages of new content, including inductance models for interdigitated structures, design strategies for multi-layer power grids, advanced methods for efficient power grid design and analysis, and methodologies for simultaneously placing on-chip multiple power supplies and decoupling capacitors. The emphasis of this additional material is on managing the complexity of on-chip power distribution networks.

This thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterization of various carbon allotropes (e.g., graphene oxide/graphene, graphene foam (GF), GF/carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids) and their composites for electrochemical energy storage applications. The coverage ranges from materials synthesis to electrochemical analysis, to state-of-the-art electrochemical energy storage devices, and demonstrates how electrochemical characterization techniques can be integrated and applied in the active materials selection and nanostructure design process. Readers will also discover the latest findings on graphene-based electrochemical energy storage devices including asymmetric supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries and flexible Ni/Fe batteries. Given the unique experimental procedures and methods, the systematic electrochemical analysis, and the creative flexible energy storage device design presented, the thesis offers a valuable reference guide for researchers and newcomers to the field of carbon-based electrochemical energy storage.

This thesis investigates the key characteristics of magnetless doubly salient machines, evaluates their design philosophies, and proposes new topologies for various applications. It discusses the background of and previous research on magnetless machines, while also outlining upcoming trends and potential future developments. The thesis begins by presenting various torque-improving structures - namely the multi-tooth structure, the double-rotor (DR) structure, the axial-field (AF) structure, and the flux-reversal (FR) structure - for magnetless machines. It subsequently addresses the idea of merging the design philosophies of two different machines to form new dual-mode machines. Thanks to a reconfigured winding arrangement and controllable DC-field excitation, the proposed machines can further extend their operating range to meet the extreme demands of applications in electric vehicles and wind power generation. Lastly, the thesis employs the finite element method (FEM) to thoroughly analyze the proposed machines' key performance parameters and develops experimental setups to verify the proposed concepts.

This is the first book to explore ways of conceptualizing Germany's ongoing energy transition. Although widely acclaimed in policy and research circles worldwide, the Energiewende is poorly understood in terms of social science scholarship. There is an urgent need to delve beyond descriptive accounts of policy implementation and contestation in order to unpack the deeper issues at play in what has been termed a 'grand societal transformation.' The authors approach this in three ways: First, they select and characterize conceptual approaches suited to interpreting the reordering of institutional arrangements, socio-material configurations, power relations and spatial structures of energy systems in Germany and beyond. Second, they assess the value of these concepts in describing and explaining energy transitions, pinpointing their relative strengths and weaknesses and exploring areas of complementarity and incompatibility. Third, they illustrate how these concepts can be applied - individually and in combination - to enrich empirical research of Germany's energy transition.

This book is a collection of selected research papers presented at the International Conference on Innovations in Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ICIEEE 2019), which was organized by the Guru Nanak Institutions, Ibrahimpatnam, Hyderabad, Telangana, India, on July 26-27, 2019. The book highlights the latest developments in electrical and electronics engineering, especially in the areas of power systems, power electronics, control systems, electrical machinery, and renewable energy. The solutions discussed here will encourage and inspire researchers, industry professionals, and policymakers to put these methods into practice.

This handbook on power systems consists of a set of 4 volumes. These books are carefully planned and designed to provide the state of art material on major aspects of electrical power systems, short-circuit currents, load flow, harmonics and protective relaying. Many aspects of power systems are transparent between different types of studies and analyses; knowledge of short-circuit currents and symmetrical component is required for protective relaying, and fundamental frequency load flow is required for harmonic analysis. Currently, power systems, large or small, are analyzed on digital computers with appropriate software. However, it is necessary to understand the theory and basis of these calculations to debug and decipher the results. The material is organized with sound theoretical base, practical applications, and case studies based on the author's 45+ years of experience with real world problems.

This research book provides state-of-the-art advances in several areas of energy generation from, and environmental impact of, fuels and biofuels. It also presents novel developments in the areas of biofuels and products from various feedstock materials along with thermal management, emission control and environmental issues. Availability of clean and sustainable energy is of paramount importance in all applications of energy, power, mobility and propulsion. This book is written by internationally renowned experts from around the globe. They provide the latest innovations in cleaner energy utilization for a wide range of devices. The energy and environment sustainability requires a multipronged approach involving development and utilization of new and renewable fuels, design of fuel-flexible combustion systems and novel and environmentally friendly technologies for improved fuel use. This book serves as a good reference for practicing engineers, educators and research professionals.

Advances in Solar Heating and Cooling presents new information on the growing concerns about climate change, the security of energy supplies, and the ongoing interest in replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources. The amount of energy used for heating and cooling is very significant, estimated, for example, as half of final energy consumption in Europe. Solar thermal installations have the potential to meet a large proportion of the heating and cooling needs of both buildings and industry and the number of solar thermal installations is increasing rapidly. This book provides an authoritative review of the latest research in solar heating and cooling technologies and applications.

This book combines comprehensive multi-angle discussions on fully connected and automated vehicle highway implementation. It covers the current progress of the works towards autonomous vehicle highway development, which encompasses the discussion on the technical, social, and policy as well as security aspects of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) topics. This, in return, will be beneficial to a vast amount of readers who are interested in the topics of CAV, Automated Highway and Smart City, among many others. Topics include, but are not limited to, Autonomous Vehicle in the Smart City, Automated Highway, Smart-Cities Transportation, Mobility as a Service, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Data Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle, Autonomous Trucks, and Autonomous Freight Transportation. Brings together contributions discussing the latest research in full automated highway implementation; Discusses topics such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and smart highways; Features contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from a broad perspective.

High Energy Electron Beam Irradiation of Water, Wastewater and Sludge; C.N. Kurucz, et al.. Introduction. Electron Beam Technology. Aqueous Chemistry of High Energy Electrons. Disinfection of Wastewater Effluents. Irradiation of Toxic Organic Chemical in Aqueous Solutions. Gamma Irradiation Versus Electron Beam Irradiation. XRay Photon Spectroscopy Calculations; J.E. Fernandez, V.G. Molinari. Introduction. Relevant Aspects of Photon Interactions with Matter. Time-Independent Photon Transport Equation. Solution in a Half Space: Multiple Scattering Effects. Multiple Scattering Effects in the Characteristic Lines. Multiple Scattering of the Rayleigh and Compton Effects. Monte Carlo Methods in Advanced Computer Architectures; W.R. Martin. Introduction. Advanced Computer Architectures. Monte Carlo on Advanced Computer Architectures. Monte Carlo on Parallel Architectures. The WienerHermite Functional Method of Representing Random Noise and its Application to Point Reactor Kinetics Driven by Random Reactivity Fluctuations; K. Behringer. The WeinerHermite Functional Method. Application to Point Reactor Kinetics Driven by Random Reactivity Fluctuations. Index.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

This textbook is the first of its kind to comprehensively describe the energy Internet, a vast network that efficiently supplies electricity to anyone anywhere and is an internet based wide area network for information and energy fusion. The chapters are organized into five parts: Architecture and Design, Energy Switching and Routing, Information and Communication, Energy Management Systems and Energy Market and Trading, and capture the spectrum of this exponential transformation, while also presenting the plethora of open problems that this transformation poses for researchers from mixed academic backgrounds. The scope includes key technologies on distributed energy sources, microgrids, energy storage, solar and wind energy, power grid, smart grid, power quality, power electronics, data centers, distributed computing and networking, cloud computing and big data, and software-defined networking. The book presents the basic principles of energy internet and emphasizes the current research trends in the field of energy Internet at an advanced level. It includes instructor materials, case-studies, and worked examples throughout. This is an ideal resource for students in advanced graduate-level courses and special topics in energy, information and control systems, and is a useful tool for utility engineers who seek an intuitive understanding of the emerging applications of energy Internet.

Equipment to be installed in electric power-transmission and distribution systems must pass acceptance tests with standardized high-voltage or high-current test impulses which simulate the stress on the insulation caused by external lightning discharges and switching operations in the grid. High impulse voltages and currents are also used in many other fields of science and engineering for various applications. Therefore, precise impulse-measurement techniques are necessary, either to prevent an over- or understressing of the insulation or to guarantee the effectiveness and quality of the application. The target audience primarily comprises engineers and technicians but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students of high-voltage engineering and electrical power supply systems.

This book is a concise review of the current status and future prospects of concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) technology. Starting with a summary of the current technical and economic status of CPV technology, it identifies the factors that hold CPV back in the commercial market. The main technical areas considered are solar cells, tracking and optics. The solar cells section focuses on spectrum splitting systems, which offer potentially higher efficiency than multi-junction cells with reductions in the manufacturing constraints that lead to high costs. It also offers a brief survey of the latest developments in spectral splitting alongside a discussion of the advances in solar cell manufacturing that aid the development of such systems. Further, it examines electrical design principles for spectral splitting systems that can improve the spectral stability of these systems' performance. The section on tracking includes a description of tracking integration with an update of the review published in Nature, presenting the latest advances in the field and focusing on surveying conceptual approaches rather than providing an exhaustive description of the literature. The optics section explores 3D printing and other emerging methods of fabricating optics for both prototype and large-scale production, as well as new classes of concentrators, particularly those based on novel photonic materials such as angular filters. Lastly, the authors consider the impact that environmental factors have on the performance of CPV in non-standard environments before concluding with a discussion of the combinations of technologies that they anticipate will most effectively boost CPV in the commercial market.

This book reviews the applications, technologies, standards, and other issues related to Smart Cities. The book is divided into broad topical sections including Vision & Reality, Technologies & Standards, Transportation Considerations, and Infrastructure & Environment. In these sections, authors who are experts in their fields present essential aspects of applications, technologies, requirements, and best-practices. In all cases, the authors have direct, substantive experience with the subject and present an important viewpoint driven by industry or governmental interests; the authors have each participated in the development and/or deployment of constituent technologies, standards, and applications, and share unique perspectives on key areas of the Smart City.