This book explores key parameters, properties and fundamental concepts of electrocatalysis. It also discusses the engineering strategies, current applications in fuel-cells, water-splitting, metal-ion batteries, and fuel generation. This book elucidates entire category viewpoints together with industrial applications. Therefore, all the sections of this book emphasize the recent advances of different types of electrocatalysts, current challenges, and state-of-the-art studies through detailed reviews. This book is the result of commitments by numerous experts in the field from various backgrounds and expertise and appeals to industrialists, researchers, scientists and in addition understudies from various teaches.

This Open Access book examines the implications of welfare policy for energy poverty and engages with key conceptual debates at the forefront of energy demand research. Academic work on energy poverty has rarely been brought into conversation with practice-theory-based approaches to energy use and sustainability. This book reveals how novel insights can be made visible through combining these different ways of thinking about energy demand issues. It presents a distinctive approach to energy poverty that places inequalities at the heart of debates about the advancing energy intensity of contemporary societies.

This book provides a detailed description of fault tolerant design techniques for smart power drivers and their application in the design of automotive airbag ICs to ensure correct deployment. The book begins with an introduction to the nature of electrical loads in the car, then moves on to describe various current sensing circuits, featuring thermal simulations. It shows how simple design techniques can be applied to ensure appropriate functionality of the IC under any power up condition. It concludes by introducing diagnostic circuits and measurement results. This book is a useful reference for automotive IC designers and provides specifications and design guidelines not found in the current literature.

This book is focused on the importance of detecting people's motivation, how they make decisions and the way the actions they take is rapidly increasing with the progress of IoT and the Connected Society. It explores how emotion-related processes are increasing in importance rapidly. The contributors move through a variety of related topics, all aimed at revealing how humans and things must increasingly interact. It indicates how strategy becomes increasingly important, particularly creating the best adaptable strategy to respond to the quickly and extensively changing situations. With engineering quickly moving from product development to experience development, and the role of emotion in engineering becoming increasingly apparent, this book offers a timely and valuable resource for engineers and researchers alike.

This volume originates from the proceedings of the International Conference on Nano for Energy and Water (NEW) & Indo French Workshop on Water Networking, 22-24 February, 2017 in Dehar. NEW-2017 is aimed at students, educators, researchers, scientists, engineers and industrialists, engaged in a wide range of nanotechnology fields and related applications. NEW-2017 will provide an ideal environment to develop new collaborations and meet experts of thematic areas. The conference aims to exchange the technical/scientific information with the representatives of various industries and R & D Organisations, to provide technical support to government and non-government agencies across the globe in policy planning and implementation in the relevant areas, to promote and document the recent developments in nanotechnology for energy and water applications and to highlight the future need of nanotechnology in different fields.

This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 2nd International Petroleum and Petrochemical Technology Conference (IPPTC 2018). The work focuses on petroleum & petrochemical technologies and practical challenges in the field. It creates a platform to bridge the knowledge gap between China and the world. The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience but also promotes the development of scientific research in petroleum & petrochemical technologies. The book will benefit a broad readership, including industry experts, researchers, educators, senior engineers and managers.

This book discusses recent advances in cyber-physical power systems (CPPS) in the modeling, analysis and applications of smart grid. It introduces a series of models, such as an analysis of interaction between the power grid and the communication network, differential protection in smart distribution systems, data flow for VLAN-based communication in substations, a co-simulation model for investigating the impacts of cyber-contingency and distributed control systems as well as the analytical techniques used in different parts of cyber physical energy systems. It also discusses methods of cyber-attack on power systems, particularly false data injection. The results presented are a comprehensive summary of the authors' original research conducted over a period of 5 years. The book is of interest to university researchers, R&D engineers and graduate students in power and energy systems.

This book provides a holistic, interdisciplinary overview of offshore wind energy, and is a must-read for advanced researchers. Topics, from the design and analysis of future turbines, to the decommissioning of wind farms, are covered. The scope of the work ranges from analytical, numerical and experimental advancements in structural and fluid mechanics, to novel developments in risk, safety & reliability engineering for offshore wind.The core objective of the current work is to make offshore wind energy more competitive, by improving the reliability, and operations and maintenance (O&M) strategies of wind turbines. The research was carried out under the auspices of the EU-funded project, MARE-WINT. The project provided a unique opportunity for a group of researchers to work closely together, undergo multidisciplinary doctoral training, and conduct research in the area of offshore wind energy generation. Contributions from expert, external authors are also included, and the complete work seeks to bridge the gap between research and a rapidly-evolving industry.

This book focuses on the applications of Equivalent-Small-Parameter Method (ESPM) in solving the steady-state periodic solutions, as well as stability analysis, of kinds of open-loop or closed-loop operated DC/DC converters, such as PWM, quasi-resonant and resonant ones. The analytical expressions of DC components and harmonics of state variables (inductor current and capacitor voltage) with DC/DC converters can be obtained by ESPM, which can be helpful to understand the nonlinear operating mechanism of switched-mode converters. It can also be useful for stability analysis and design for practical converters. Modeling and analysis on all kinds of DC/DC converters are introduced in detail in this book, along with a large amount of simulation or experimental waveforms to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis based on ESPM.

This book introduces a cross-layer design to achieve security and resilience for CPSs (Cyber-Physical Systems). The authors interconnect various technical tools and methods to capture the different properties between cyber and physical layers. Part II of this book bridges the gap between cryptography and control-theoretic tools. It develops a bespoke crypto-control framework to address security and resiliency in control and estimation problems where the outsourcing of computations is possible. Part III of this book bridges the gap between game theory and control theory and develops interdependent impact-aware security defense strategies and cyber-aware resilient control strategies. With the rapid development of smart cities, there is a growing need to integrate the physical systems, ranging from large-scale infrastructures to small embedded systems, with networked communications. The integration of the physical and cyber systems forms Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), enabling the use of digital information and control technologies to improve the monitoring, operation, and planning of the systems. Despite these advantages, they are vulnerable to cyber-physical attacks, which aim to damage the physical layer through the cyber network. This book also uses case studies from autonomous systems, communication-based train control systems, cyber manufacturing, and robotic systems to illustrate the proposed methodologies. These case studies aim to motivate readers to adopt a cross-layer system perspective toward security and resilience issues of large and complex systems and develop domain-specific solutions to address CPS challenges. A comprehensive suite of solutions to a broad range of technical challenges in secure and resilient control systems are described in this book (many of the findings in this book are useful to anyone working in cybersecurity). Researchers, professors, and advanced-level students working in computer science and engineering will find this book useful as a reference or secondary text. Industry professionals and military workers interested in cybersecurity will also want to purchase this book.

Globalization of the integrated circuit (IC) supply chains led to many potential vulnerabilities. Several attack scenarios can exploit these vulnerabilities to reverse engineer IC designs or to insert malicious trojan circuits. Split manufacturing refers to the process of splitting an IC design into multiple parts and fabricating these parts at two or more foundries such that the design is secure even when some or all of those foundries are potentially untrusted. Realizing its security benefits, researchers have proposed split fabrication methods for 2D, 2.5D, and the emerging 3D ICs. Both attack methods against split designs and defense techniques to thwart those attacks while minimizing overheads have steadily progressed over the past decade. This book presents a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art and emerging directions in design splitting for secure split fabrication, design recognition and recovery attacks against split designs, and design techniques to defend against those attacks. Readers will learn methodologies for secure and trusted IC design and fabrication using split design methods to protect against supply chain vulnerabilities.

Comprised of two volumes, Electronic Design Automation for Integrated Circuits Handbook, Second Edition addresses all major areas of EDA for integrated circuits (ICs). Chapters contributed by leading experts authoritatively discuss an array of topics ranging from system design to physical implementation. New to This Edition: Major updates appearing in the initial phases of the design flow, where the level of abstraction keeps rising to support more functionality with lower non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs Significant revisions reflected in the final phases of the design flow, where the complexity due to smaller and smaller geometries is compounded by the slow progress of shorter wavelength lithography New coverage of cutting-edge applications and approaches realized in the decade since publication of the previous edition-these are illustrated by new chapters on high-level synthesis, system-on-chip (SoC) block-based design, back-annotating system-level models, 3D circuit integration, and clock design Offering improved depth and modernity, Electronic Design Automation for Integrated Circuits Handbook, Second Edition - Two-Volume Set provides a valuable, state-of-the-art reference for EDA students, researchers, and professionals.

This book addresses the theoretical and practical circuit and system concepts that underpin the design of reliable and reproducible, high performance, monolithic feedback circuits. It is intended for practicing electronics engineers and students who wish to acquire an insightful understanding of the ways in which open loop topologies, closed loop architectures, and fundamental circuit theoretic issues combine to determine the limits of performance of analog networks. Since many of the problems that underpin high speed digital circuit design are a subset of the analysis and design dilemmas confronted by wideband analog circuit designers, the book is also germane to high performance digital circuit design.

Imaging by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has been established in clinical diagnosis and is conquering materials science with a rapidly expanding number of applications in basic research as well as product and quality control for fluid flow, elastomers, and polymer materials. This book will provide graduate students, scientists and engineers with an introduction to the field. It is the first book on the subject and is likely to become the standard text for years to come.

This book is an outcome of the 33rd International Conference EnviroInfo 2019, held at the University of Kassel, Germany. It presents a selection of papers that describe innovative scientific approaches and ongoing research in environmental informatics and the emerging field of computational sustainability. The respective articles cover a broad range of scientific aspects including advances in core technologies such as earth observation, environmental modelling, big data and machine learning, as well as applications of ICT solutions intended to support societal transformation processes toward the more sustainable management of resource use, transportation and the energy supply. Given its scope, the book is essential reading for scientists, experts and students in these fields of research.

Focusing on non-intrusive load monitoring techniques in the area of smart grids and smart buildings, this book presents a thorough introduction to related basic principles, while also proposing improvements. As the basis of demand-side energy management, the non-intrusive load monitoring techniques are highly promising in terms of their energy-saving and carbon emission reduction potential. The book is structured clearly and written concisely. It introduces each aspect of these techniques with a number of examples, helping readers to understand and use the corresponding results. It provides latest strengths on the non-intrusive load monitoring techniques for engineers and managers of relevant departments. It also offers extensive information and a source of inspiration for researchers and students, while outlining future research directions.

This book addresses a range of solutions and effective control techniques for Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), intended as a response to the increased energy consumption and wastewater production stemming from globalization. It describes the fundamentals of MFCs and control-oriented mathematical models, and provides detailed information on uncertain parameters. Various control techniques like robust control with LMI, adaptive backstepping control, and exact linearization control are developed for different mathematical models. In turn, the book elaborates on the basics of adaptive control, presenting several methods in detail. It also demonstrates how MFCs can be developed at the laboratory level, equipping readers to develop their own MFCs for experimental purposes. In closing, it develops a transfer function model for MFCs by combining a system identification technique and model reference adaptive control techniques. By addressing one of the most promising sources of clean and renewable energy, this book provides a viable solution for meeting the world's increasing energy demands.

This book focuses on the latest emerging technologies in electric vehicles (EV), and their economic and environmental impact. The topics covered include different types of EV such as hybrid electrical vehicle (HEV), battery electrical vehicle (BEV), fuel cell electrical vehicle (FCEV), plug-in hybrid electrical vehicle (PHEV). Theoretical background and practical examples of conventional electrical machines, advanced electrical machines, battery energy sources, on-board charging and off-board charging techniques, and optimization methods are presented here. This book can be useful for students, researchers and practitioners interested in different problems and challenges associated with electric vehicles.

This book focuses on oilfield performance analysis and development adjustment by integrating geology, applied mathematics, and other relevant theories. Based on the abundant and detailed field test and production data from Daqing and Tarim, two major oilfields in China, the regularities, characteristics, design, and adjustment of waterflooding development of sandstone reservoirs throughout the life cycle are described. Field development theories and practices are organically combined in this book, which, embracing comprehensive, systematic, and pragmatic contents, is conducive to development technicians to quickly grasp the characteristics of waterflooding and prepare adjustment plans. It is also useful as a textbook in petroleum colleges and short training courses.

This book delves into various solution paradigms such as artificial neural network, support vector machine, wavelet transforms, evolutionary computing, swarm intelligence. During the last decade, novel solution technologies based on human and species intelligence have gained immense popularity due to their flexible and unconventional approach. New analytical tools are also being developed to handle big data processing and smart decision making. The idea behind compiling this work is to familiarize researchers, academicians, industry persons and students with various applications of intelligent techniques for producing sustainable, cost-effective and robust solutions of frequently encountered complex, real-world problems in engineering and science disciplines. The practical problems in smart grids, communication, waste management, elimination of harmful elements from nature, etc., are identified, and smart and optimal solutions are proposed.

It has often been said that generals prepare for the next war by re-fighting the last. The Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill was unlike any previous - an underwater well blowout 1,500 meters deep. Much has been learned in the wake of DWH and these lessons should in turn be applied to both similar oil spill scenarios and those arising from "frontier" explorations by the marine oil industry. The next deep oil well blowout may be at 3,000 meters or even deeper. This volume summarizes regional (Gulf of Mexico) and global megatrends in marine oil exploration and production. Research in a number of key areas including the behavior of oil and gas under extreme pressure, impacts on biological resources of the deep sea, and the fate of oil and gas released in spills is synthesized. A number of deep oil spills are simulated with detailed computer models, and the likely effects of the spills and potential mitigation measures used to combat them are compared. Recommended changes in policies governing marine oil exploration and development are proposed, as well as additional research to close critical and emerging knowledge gaps. This volume synthesizes state-of-the-art research in deep oil spill behavior and response. It is thus relevant for government and industry oil spill responders, policy formulators and implementers, and academics and students desiring an in-depth and balanced overview of key issues and uncertainties surrounding the quest for deep oil and potential impacts on the environment.

Biofuels have been represented by some as a silver bullet to the climate change threat, and by others as a fatal mistake set to destroy forests and increase hunger; they are neither. Sane and sensibly developed they offer a chance to reduce emissions, generate employment and diversify rural livelihoods. But widespread commercialisation without proper sustainability standards could prove a disaster, causing more environmental and human harm than good. This new WBGU report shows that a sustainable use of bioenergy is possible and outlines how opportunities can be exploited while at the same time minimizing risks. This large and detailed report examines the issues surrounding bioenergy from a global perspective and demonstrates how the sustainable use of bioenergy can help minimize risks to food security, nature conservation and climate change. .