Often seen as ethnically monolithic, the African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in fact successfully pursued evangelism among diverse communities of indigenous peoples and Black Indians. Christina Dickerson-Cousin tells the little-known story of the AME Church's work in Indian Territory, where African Methodists engaged with people from the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, and Seminoles) and Black Indians from various ethnic backgrounds. These converts proved receptive to the historically Black church due to its traditions of self-government and resistance to white hegemony, and its strong support of their interests. The ministers, guided by the vision of a racially and ethnically inclusive Methodist institution, believed their denomination the best option for the marginalized people. Dickerson-Cousin also argues that the religious opportunities opened up by the AME Church throughout the West provided another impetus for Black migration. Insightful and richly detailed, Black Indians and Freedmen illuminates how faith and empathy encouraged the unique interactions between two peoples.

Originally published in 1959 this volume studies the ritual office of the Mugwe which was of great social significance among the Meru of the Central Province of Kenya and analyses the social changes and decline of the Mugwe which came about in the second half of the twentieth century. Until this book was published there was no published literature on the Mugwe - one of the most basic and firmly established elements of the old structure of Meru social life.

Religion, Culture and Spirituality in Africa and the African Diaspora explores the ways in which religious ideas and beliefs continue to play a crucial role in the lives of people of African descent. The chapters in this volume use historical and contemporary examples to show how people of African descent develop and engage with spiritual rituals, organizations and practices to make sense of their lives, challenge injustices and creatively express their spiritual imaginings. This book poses and answers the following critical questions: To what extent are ideas of spirituality emanating from Africa and the diaspora still influenced by an African aesthetic? What impact has globalisation had on spiritual and cultural identities of peoples on African descendant peoples? And what is the utility of the practices and social organizations that house African spiritual expression in tackling social, political cultural and economic inequities? The essays in this volume reveal how spirituality weaves and intersects with issues of gender, class, sexuality and race across Africa and the diaspora. It will appeal to researchers and postgraduate students interested in the study of African religions, race and religion, sociology of religion and anthropology.

Among the topics considered in this classic study are world origins and supernatural powers, attitudes toward the dead, the medicine man and shaman, hunting and gathering rituals, war and planting ceremonies, and newer religions, such as the Ghost Dance and the Peyote Religion.
"The distinctive contribution of ["Red Man's Religion"] is the treatment of topics, the insight and the perspective of the author, and her ability to transmit these to the reader. . . . Trais and aspects of religion are not treated as abstract entitites, to be enumerated and summated, assigned a geographic distribution, and then abandoned. No page is a dry recital; each is an illumination. Insight and wisdom are framed in poetic prose. An offering of information in such a medium merits gratitude."--"American Anthropologist"

Breaking from previous scholarship on Korean shamanism, which focuses on mansin of mainland Korea, The Shaman's Wages offers the first in-depth study of simbang, hereditary shamans on Cheju Island off the peninsula's southwest coast. In this engaging ethnography enriched by extensive historical research, Kyoim Yun explores the prevalent and persistent ambivalence toward practitioners, whose services have long been sought out yet derided as wasteful by anti-shaman commentators and occasionally by their clients. Intrigued by discord between simbang and their clients over fee negotiations, Yun set out to learn the deep-rooted legacy of condemning or trivializing the practitioners' self-interests, from a neo-Confucian governor's purge of shrines during the Choson dynasty to the recent transformation of a community ritual into a practice recognized through UNESCO World Heritage status. Drawing on a wealth of firsthand observations, she shows how simbang distinguish ritual exchanges from more mundane instances of bartering, purchasing, bribing, and gift giving and explains why ritual affairs are nonetheless inevitably thorny. This original study illuminates the intertwining of religion and economy in shamanic practice on Cheju Island.

J.D. Lewis-Williams, one of the leading South African archaeologists and ethnographers, excavates meaning from the complex mythological stories of the San-Bushmen to create a larger theory of how myth is used in culture. He extracts their "nuggets," the far-reaching but often unspoken words and concepts of language and understanding that are opaque to outsiders, to establish a more nuanced theory of the role of these myths in the thought-world and social circumstances of the San. The book -draws from the unique 19th century Bleek/Lloyd archives, more recent ethnographic work, and San rock art;-includes well-known San stories such as The Broken String, Mantis Dreams, and Creation of the Eland;-extrapolates from our understanding of San mythology into a larger model of how people create meaning from myth.

This revealing work introduces readers to the mythologies of Native Americans from the United States to the Arctic Circle-a rich, complex, and diverse body of lore, which remains less widely known than mythologies of other peoples and places.
In thematic chapters and encyclopedia-style entries, Handbook of Native American Mythology examines the characters and deities, rituals, sacred locations and objects, concepts, and stories that define mythological cultures of various indigenous peoples. By tracing the traditions as far back as possible and following their evolution from generation to generation, Handbook of Native American Mythology offers a unique perspective on Native American history, culture, and values. It also shows how central these traditions are to contemporary Native American life, including the continuing struggle for land rights, economic parity, and repatriation of cultural property.
With more than 40 photographs, illustrations, and maps, here is the most comprehensive and accessible introduction to the mythological heritage of Native North Americans available in one volume.

The earth is my mother, and on her bosom I shall repose.
Attributed to Tecumseh in the early 1800s, this statement is frequently cited to uphold the view, long and widely proclaimed in scholarly and popular literature, that Mother Earth is an ancient and central Native American figure. In this radical and comprehensive rethinking, Sam D. Gill traces the evolution of female earth imagery in North America from the sixteenth century to the present and reveals how the evolution of the current Mother Earth figure was influenced by prevailing European-American imagery of America and the Indians as well as by the rapidly changing Indian identity.
Gill also analyzes the influential role of scholars in creating and establishing the imagery that underlay the recent origins of Mother Earth and, upon reflection, he raises serious questions about the nature of scholarship.
Mother Earth might be modern, stressing the supposed biological ground of native life and its rich mythic tradition, but it hardly frees the native people from their long, lamentable involvement with the white man. For making this point clear, Gill deserves high praise.--Bernard W. Sheehan, Journal of the American Academy of Religion
In one of the finest studies of recent years we have an ambitious attempt to satisfy scholar, Native American, popular reader, and truth.--Thomas McElwain, Western Folklore

In Queering Black Atlantic Religions Roberto Strongman examines Haitian Vodou, Cuban Lucumi/Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble to demonstrate how religious rituals of trance possession allow humans to understand themselves as embodiments of the divine. In these rituals, the commingling of humans and the divine produces gender identities that are independent of biological sex. As opposed to the Cartesian view of the spirit as locked within the body, the body in Afro-diasporic religions is an open receptacle. Showing how trance possession is a primary aspect of almost all Afro-diasporic cultural production, Strongman articulates transcorporeality as a black, trans-Atlantic understanding of the human psyche, soul, and gender as multiple, removable, and external to the body.

Die Vorstellungen von den Osmanen schwanken in ihren Nachbarlandern und uberhaupt im Abendland. Eingebettet in eine romanhafte Rahmenhandlung werden Geschichte, Soziologie und Psychologie der Osmanen des 18. Jahrhunderts vor ihrer zunehmenden Verwestlichung im 19. Jahrhundert dargestellt und zeigen ein Selbstverstandnis, das in abgewandelter Form vor allem auch heute noch nachschwingt. Insgesamt vermitteln sie einen verstandnisvolleren Blick in die Entwicklung des Islam.

This is the first volume of a projected three-volume work on the little-known South Indian folk cult of the goddess Draupadi and on the classical epic, the "Mahabharata," that the cult brings to life in mythic, ritual, and dramatic forms. Draupadi, the chief heroine of the Sanskrit "Mahabharata," takes on many unexpected guises in her Tamil cult, but her dimensions as a folk goddess remain rooted in a rich interpretive vision of the great epic. By examining the ways that the cult of Draupadi commingles traditions about the goddess and the epic, Alf Hiltebeitel shows the cult to be singularly representative of the inner tensions and working dynamics of popular devotional Hinduism.

Valeri presents an overview of Hawaiian religious culture, in which hierarchies of social beings and their actions are mirrored by the cosmological hierarchy of the gods. As the sacrifice is performed, the worshipper is incorporated into the god of his class. Thus he draws on divine power to sustain the social order of which his action is a part, and in which his own place is determined by the degree of his resemblance to his god. The key to Hawaiian society--and a central focus for Valeri--is the complex and encompassing sacrificial ritual that is the responsibility of the king, for it displays in concrete actions all the concepts of pre-Western Hawaiian society. By interpreting and understanding this ritual cycle, Valeri contends, we can interpret all of Hawaiian religious culture.

This is the first major study of the Nuer based on primary research since Evans-Pritchard's classic Nuer Religion. It is also the first full-length historical study of indigenous African prophets operating outside the context of the world's main religions, and as such builds on Evans-Pritchard's pioneering work in promoting collaboration and dialogue between the disciplines of anthropology and history. Prophets first emerged as significant figures among the Nuer in the nineteenth century. They fashioned the religious idiom of prophecy from a range of spiritual ideas, and enunciated the social principles which broadened and sustained a moral community across political and ethnic boundaries. Douglas Johnson argues that, contrary to the standard anthropological interpretation, the major prophets' lasting contribution was their vision of peace, not their role in war. This vision is particularly relevant today, and the book concludes with a detailed discussion of events in the Sudan since independence in 1956, describing how modern Nuer, and many other southern Sudanese, still find the message of the nineteenth-century prophets relevant to their experiences in the current civil war.

China has a large number of indigenous ethnic minorities, some of which have large populations. Many of these minorities have animist, local religions, which are closely bound up with their ethnic culture. The revival of religion generally in China in recent years has been paralleled by a revival of religion amongst the ethnic minorities. This has caused a renewal of long-standing tensions between majority Han and non-Han minorities, the latter often having endured for a long time policies designed to suppress their separate ethnic identities and make them conform to majority Han norms. This book, based on extensive original research among the Bai people, a people with a population of around five million, explores these important issues. It considers how majority-minority ethnic relations have evolved over time, discusses amongst many other issues how local religions emphasise ancestor cults which reinforce minorities sense of their separate ethnicity, and concludes by assessing how these important issues are likely to develop."

For the past thirty years, adherents of a millenarian cult in Papua New Guinea, known as the Pomio Kivung, have been awaiting the establishment of a period of supernatural bliss, heralded by the return of their ancestors bearing "cargo." The author of this book, Harvey Whitehouse, was taken for a reincarnated ancestor, and was able to observe the dynamics of the cult from within. From the stable mainstream of the cult, localized splinter groups periodically emerge, hoping to expedite the millennium; the core of this volume concerns the close study of one such group in two Baining villages.
The two aspects of the cult studied here--on the one hand a large, uniform, and stable mainstream organization with a well-defined hierarchy demanding orthodoxy of views, and on the other hand a small-scale and temporary movement, emotional and innovatieve in its views--stand in sharp contrast one to the other, but are here seen as divergent manifestations of the same relifious ideology, implemented in differing ways. This original theory of "modes of religiosity" which Whitehouse develops draws on recent findings in cognitive psychology to link styles of codification and cultural transmission to the political scale, structure, and ethos of religious communities.

Framed by theories of syncretism and revitalization, Religious Revitalization among the Kiowas examines changes in Kiowa belief and ritual in the final decades of the nineteenth century. During the height of the horse-and-bison culture, Kiowa beliefs were founded in the notion of daudau, a force permeating the universe that was accessible through vision quests. Following the end of the Southern Plains wars in 1875, the Kiowas were confined within the boundaries of the Kiowa-Comanche-Apache (Plains Apache) Reservation. As wards of the government, they witnessed the extinction of the bison herds, which led to the collapse of the Sun Dance by 1890. Though prophet movements in the 1880s had failed to restore the bison, other religions emerged to fill the void left by the loss of the Sun Dance. Kiowas now sought daudau through the Ghost Dance, Christianity, and the Peyote religion. Religious Revitalization among the Kiowas examines the historical and sociocultural conditions that spawned the new religions that arrived in Kiowa country at the end of the nineteenth century, as well as Native and non-Native reactions to them. A thorough examination of these sources reveals how resilient and adaptable the Kiowas were in the face of cultural genocide between 1883 and 1933. Although the prophet movements and the Ghost Dance were short-lived, Christianity and the Native American Church have persevered into the twenty-first century. Benjamin R. Kracht shows how Kiowa traditions and spirituality were amalgamated into the new religions, creating a distinctive Kiowa identity.

More than a quarter of the world's religions are to be found in the regions of Australia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, together called Oceania. The Religions of Oceania is the first book to bring together up-to-date information on the great and changing variety of traditional religions in the Pacific zone. The book also deals with indigenous Christianity and its wide influence across the region, and includes new religious movements generated by the responses of indigenous peoples to colonists and missionaries, the best known of these being the Cargo Cults' of Melanesia.
The authors present a thorough and accessible examination of the fascinating diversity of religious practices in the area, analysing new religious developments, and provideing clear interpretative tools and a mine of information to help the student better understand the world's most complex ethnologic tapestry.

ANCIENT MYSTERIES / AFRICAN STUDIES"The Dogon creation myth reflects the nuances of cutting-edge scientific cosmology, and finally this is being recognized. A quintessential read for anyone wishing to learn the truth about this fascinating subject."--Andrew Collins, author of From the Ashes of AngelsThe Dogon people of Mali, West Africa, are famous for their unique art and advanced cosmology. The Dogon's creation story describes how the one true god, Amma, created all the matter of the universe. Interestingly, the myths that depict his creative efforts bear a striking resemblance to the modern scientific definitions of matter, beginning with the atom and continuing all the way to the vibrating threads of string theory. Furthermore, many of the Dogon words, symbols, and rituals used to describe the structure of matter are quite similar to those found in the myths of ancient Egypt and in the daily rituals of Judaism. For example, the modern scientific depiction of the unformed universe as a black hole is identical to Amma's Egg of the Dogon and the Egyptian Benben Stone.The Science of the Dogon offers a case-by-case comparison of Dogon descriptions and drawings to corresponding scientific definitions and diagrams from authors like Stephen Hawking and Brian Greene, then extends this analysis to the counterparts of these symbols in both the ancient Egyptian and Hebrew religions. What is ultimately revealed is the scientific basis for the language of the Egyptian hieroglyphs, which was deliberately encoded to prevent the knowledge of these concepts from falling into the hands of all but the highest members of the Egyptian priesthood. The Science of the Dogon also offers compelling newinterpretations for many of the most familiar Egyptian symbols, such as the pyramid and the scarab, and presents new explanations for the origins of religiously charged words such as Jehovah and Satan.LAIRD SCRANTON is an independent software designer who became interested in Dogon mythology and symbolism in the early 1990s. He has studied ancient myth, language, and cosmology for nearly ten years and has been a lecturer at Colgate University. He also appears in John Anthony West's Magical Egypt DVD series. He lives in Albany, New York.

Ce volume recueille des etudes d'oeuvres quebecoises et francaises considerees dans leur relation au fait religieux. A partir des ecrits des jesuites et des moniales en Nouvelle-France, en passant par les modeles offerts par Moliere et Chateaubriand, on suit le parcours, sinueux et parfois paradoxal, de l'autonomisation progressive du champ litteraire. Les analyses portent sur les strategies d'affirmation, de contournement, d'oubli ou de detournement du religieux adoptees par des auteurs comme Rejean Ducharme, Anne Hebert, Michel Tournier ou Nelly Arcan. Cette perspective diachronique et transatlantique contribue a faire emerger les points de contact entre les oeuvres, en creant un jeu de miroirs et de reflets fecond, dans lequel la relation au religieux s'impose comme un enjeu, parfois sous-jacent mais pourtant central, de la litterature contemporaine.

Shu'ayb al-'Arna'ut war ein zeitgenoessischer Hadith-Gelehrter, der einen grossen Teil des Hadith-Kanons und daruber hinaus klassifiziert hat. In diesem Band wird zum ersten Mal seine Methodologie vorgestellt. Anhand einer komparativen Analyse wird ein exemplarischer Korpus von Hadithen untersucht, um die Charakteristika der Methodologie von al-'Arna'ut feststellen zu koennen. Zudem werden seine Beurteilungen von Hadithen mit denen von al-Tahanawi und al-'Albani verglichen. Die Autorin zeigt in diesem Buch auf, wie zeitgenoessische Hadith-Gelehrte mit den Erkenntnissen fruherer Gelehrter umgehen, welche Herausforderungen und neuen Entwicklungen dabei entstanden sind.

In Afrolatinx religious practices such as Cuban Espiritismo, Puerto Rican Santeria, and Brazilian Candomble, the dead tell stories. Communicating with and through mediums' bodies, they give advice, make requests, and propose future rituals, creating a living archive that is coproduced by the dead. In this book, Solimar Otero explores how Afrolatinx spirits guide collaborative spiritual-scholarly activist work through rituals and the creation of material culture. By examining spirit mediumship through a Caribbean cross-cultural poetics, she shows how divinities and ancestors serve as active agents in shaping the experiences of gender, sexuality, and race. Otero argues that what she calls archives of conjure are produced through residual transcriptions or reverberations of the stories of the dead whose archives are stitched, beaded, smoked, and washed into official and unofficial repositories. She investigates how sites like the ocean, rivers, and institutional archives create connected contexts for unlocking the spatial activation of residual transcriptions. Drawing on over ten years of archival research and fieldwork in Cuba, Otero centers the storytelling practices of Afrolatinx women and LGBTQ spiritual practitioners alongside Caribbean literature and performance. Archives of Conjure offers vital new perspectives on ephemerality, temporality, and material culture, unraveling undertheorized questions about how spirits shape communities of practice, ethnography, literature, and history and revealing the deeply connected nature of art, scholarship, and worship.

In dieser Studie werden die umfassenden Veranderungen im Leben der Moenchsgemeinschaft auf dem Heiligen Berg Athos analysiert. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf den Modernisierungsprozessen, die seit der Eintragung des Heiligen Berges Athos in die UNESCO-Welterbeliste im Jahr 1988 erfolgten. Zu diesen Prozessen gehoeren sowohl die Einfuhrung von technischen Neuerungen wie Strom, Autos und Computer als auch die Intensivierung der politischen Kontakte und der demographische Wandel. Das Material fur diese Untersuchung wurde im Laufe von Forschungsaufenthalten in zahlreichen Interviews mit den Moenchen auf dem Berg Athos gesammelt. Die Studie wirft daher einen einzigartigen Blick auf das gegenwartige Moenchsleben auf dem Athos.

Die Beitrage untersuchen disziplinubergreifend das Phanomen Migration. Die AutorInnen betrachten Migration als ein konstitutives Element der Menschheitsgeschichte und als globales Zukunftsthema. Spatestens seit Beginn der Fluchtlingswelle aus Syrien nach Europa und auch OEsterreich in den Sommermonaten 2015 ist diese Thematik integraler Bestandteil medialer, politischer und oeffentlicher Kontroversen. Migration ist kein modernes Phanomen. Wanderungsprozesse aufgrund existenzieller Bedrohungen oder Hoffnung auf bessere Lebensbedingungen anderswo hat es immer gegeben. Die BeitragerInnen diskutieren Migration aus den Perspektiven der Theologie, Philosophie und der Kunstwissenschaft. Die Bandbreite der Sujets reicht hierbei von alttestamentarischen Bibelstellen bis hin zum Europa der Neuzeit, uber Kolonialismus, Imperialismus und Globalisierung. Aus kunstwissenschaftlicher Perspektive wird der Migrationsbegriff hinsichtlich unterschiedlicher Epochen und Kunstgattungen aufbereitet.

Die Studie erschliesst einen neuen Zugang zur "Liebe". Der Autor untersucht Liebe nicht lediglich als sinnlichen Affekt, sondern als Grundausrichtung auf das Gute. Seine rein philosophische Argumentation geht den Gegebenheiten der Erfahrung auf den Grund. Das Buch beginnt mit der Darstellung von Liebe als "Prinzip des Seins". Das in Evolution befindliche Sein des Kosmos weist auf das Goettliche als "sich verstroemende Liebe" hin. Liebe erscheint als Aufbauprinzip einer Seinsordnung, die zum Beispiel Ehe und Familie begrundet. Es folgt eine Betrachtung der Liebe als Prinzip des sinnlichen und des geistigen Erkennens. Die Betrachtung kulminiert in einem abschliessenden Teil mit einer Reflexion der Liebe als "Prinzip des Handelns" gegenuber dem Sein, der eigenen Person, den Mitmenschen und der Natur.

Am 15. September 1680 fand die feierliche Translation der Reliquien der Katakombenheiligen Sergius, Bacchus, Hyacinthus und Erasmus im Kloster St. Gallen statt. Als Director musicae bekam der Stiftsorganist Pater Valentin Muller (Molitor) die Aufgabe, die Musik fur die Feier zu verfassen. 1681 wurde ein Teil des dafur komponierten Repertoires unter dem Titel Missa una cum tribus Mottetis in Solemni Translatione SS. MM. Sergii, Bacchi, Hyacinthi et Erasmi ab octo vocibus concertantibus, et 7. Instrumentis, sed tantium quatuor necessariis in Monasterio S. Galli decantata herausgegeben. Der im Kloster St. Gallen produzierte Musikdruck enthalt ein vollstandiges Ordinarium missae (Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus und Agnus Dei) sowie drei Motetten. Grandios ist die aufwendige Besetzung mit zwei vierstimmigen Choeren sowie einem reichen, dem Festcharakter angemessenen Instrumentarium. Die Musik stellt damit ein wertvolles Zeugnis des benediktinischen Musikrepertoires dar, wie es im Kloster St. Gallen in der zweiten Halfte des 17. Jahrhunderts gepflegt wurde. Der vorliegende Band enthalt die vollstandige kritische Ausgabe der 1681 erschienenen Werke von Pater Valentin Muller (Molitor) sowie eine historische Einleitung.