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Books > Medicine > Clinical & internal medicine > Medical diagnosis > Examination of patients
Whereas most books about neurologic examinations are disease and
anatomy oriented, The Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for
Clinical Diagnosis focuses on a pathophysiological approach to the
nervous system. The authors emphasize that the scientific
interpretation of symptoms obtained from carefully taking the
patient's history and noting signs found during physical
examination are essential in the diagnosis of neurologic diseases,
even if laboratory testing, such as electrophysiology and
neuroimaging, are being more widely used. This book aims to provide
a bridge from the basic sciences such as anatomy, physiology,
pharmacology, and molecular biology to the neurologic symptoms.
Neurologic examinations provide the foundation for the diagnosis,
and only after a thorough and expertly executed examination can one
begin to incorporate laboratory testing and treatment. The
Neurologic Examination: Scientific Basis for Clinical Diagnosis,
based on the widely successful Japanese book Diagnosis of
Neurological Diseases (Igakushoin, Japan, second edition 2013) by
Dr. Shibasaki, hopes to revitalize the use of neurologic
examinations before jumping straight into laboratory testing. Doing
so can help cut down on time, patient and physician anxiety, and
unnecessary testing expenses. This book is a must-read for all
practicing neurologists, residents, and medical students. Key
Features Include * The chapters are arranged in order of the actual
steps in a neurologic examination; * Highly illustrated with
figures and tables indicative of the neurologic signs and symptoms
that may appear during the given step; and * 99 discussion boxes
are inserted throughout to provide a more in-depth look at
particular topics without interrupting the reading flow of the
text.
Medical and information communication technology professionals are
working to develop robust classification techniques, especially in
healthcare data/image analysis, to ensure quick diagnoses and
treatments to patients. Without fast and immediate access to
healthcare databases and information, medical professionals'
success rates and treatment options become limited and fall to
disastrous levels. Advanced Classification Techniques for
Healthcare Analysis provides emerging insight into classification
techniques in delivering quality, accurate, and affordable
healthcare, while also discussing the impact health data has on
medical treatments. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics
such as early diagnosis, brain-computer interface, metaheuristic
algorithms, clustering techniques, learning schemes, and mobile
telemedicine, this book is ideal for medical professionals,
healthcare administrators, engineers, researchers, academicians,
and technology developers seeking current research on furthering
information and communication technology that improves patient
care.
There is a significant deficiency among contemporary medicine
practices reflected by experts making medical decisions for a large
proportion of the population for which no or minimal data exists.
Fortunately, our capacity to procure and apply such information is
rapidly rising. As medicine becomes more individualized, the
implementation of health IT and data interoperability become
essential components to delivering quality healthcare. Quality
Assurance in the Era of Individualized Medicine is a collection of
innovative research on the methods and utilization of digital
readouts to fashion an individualized therapy instead of a
mass-population-directed strategy. While highlighting topics
including assistive technologies, patient management, and clinical
practices, this book is ideally designed for health professionals,
doctors, nurses, hospital management, medical administrators, IT
specialists, data scientists, researchers, academicians, and
students.
Central to providing excellent patient care is excellent
communication, for which a well-written History and Physical is
crucial. This book is a step-by-step guide to help medical
students, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, etc. write a
comprehensive, clear, and useful History and Physical. Writing an
effective History and Physical is as much an art as science, and
this handy guide provides a roadmap for organizing facts in a
logical and well-constructed fashion. The text also presents an
abridged version for quick reference and a valuable section on how
to write daily progress notes. The author's tips pearls, and advice
help the reader navigate the principles and goals of the History
and Physical Contains more explanations, tips and advice than
existing books for what to include and why Memorable good and bad
examples reinforce themes in the text
This book has been written step wise by enumerating various aspects
of the importance of clinical examination derived by laying one's
hands on the affected part. By a thorough clinical examination, it
can help an individual to arrive at a tentative differential
diagnosis of the condition and hence help in investigating the same
by numerous tests which are relevant to the given condition. The
manner in which a given case is handled in this way is far more
important than the diagnosis of the condition and this feature
comes with practicing the same many times. It is a must for anyone
embarking in life on Orthopedics as a career.
Patient-centered care for chronic illness is founded upon the
informed and activated patient, but we are not clear what this
means. We must understand patients as subjects who know things and
as agents who do things. Bioethics has urged us to respect patient
autonomy, but it has understood this autonomy narrowly in terms of
informed consent for treatment choice. In chronic illness care, the
ethical and clinical challenge is to not just respect, but to
promote patient autonomy, understood broadly as the patients'
overall agency or capacity for action. The primary barrier to
patient action in chronic illness is not clinicians dictating
treatment choice, but clinicians dictating the nature of the
clinical problem. The patient's perspective on clinical problems is
now often added to the objective-disease perspective of clinicians
as health-related quality of life (HRQL). But HRQL is merely a
hybrid transitional concept between disease-focused and
health-focused goals for clinical care. Truly patient-centered care
requires a sense of patient-centered health that is perceived by
the patient and defined in terms of the patient's vital goals.
Patient action is an essential means to this patient-centered
health, as well as an essential component of this health. This
action is not extrinsically motivated adherence, but intrinsically
motivated striving for vital goals. Modern pathophysiological
medicine has trouble understanding both patient action and health.
The self-moving and self-healing capacities of patients can be
understood only if we understand their roots in the biological
autonomy of organisms. Taking the patient as the primary perceiver
and producer of health has the following policy implications: 1]
Care will become patient-centered only when the patient is the
primary customer of care. 2] Professional health services are not
the principal source of population health, and may lead to
clinical, social and cultural iatrogenic injury. 3] Social justice
demands equity in health capability more than equal access to
health services.
Dialysis amyloidosis is a syndrome observed in dialysis patients
characterized initially by joint pain, followed later by joint
destruction. It is at present one of the few compliations in these
patients. The factors involved in the genesis of this syndrome are
not yet known with certainty and there is as yet no proven
efficacious treatment otehr then renal transplantation. As a
result, the interest in this topic among nephrologists remains very
high. Dialysis amyloid gives general information on the
pathophysiology, and the clinical aspects of all types of
amyloidosis. It then goes on to discuss recently discovered B2,
type of dialysis amyloidosis, from clinical and pathological
features to physiological and pathophysiological aspects of this
serious complication which effects patients suffering from chronic
renal failure. This book will give nephrologists and
rheumatologists a clear understanding of the dialysis amyloidosis
syndrome as well as making a valuable contribution to identifying
strategies for treatment and prevention. This book is intended for
consultant nephrologists, trainee nephrologists.
Dermoscopy is a non-invasive, widely used diagnostic tool that aids
the diagnosis of skin lesions and is proven to increase the
accuracy of melanoma diagnosis. This colour atlas is a
comprehensive guide to the diagnosis of skin lesions and melanomas
using a dermoscope. Beginning with an introduction to the use of
the dermascope, the following chapters teach clinicians how to
recognise dermoscopic criteria, colours and patterns, how to
diagnose different types of lesions and calculate diagnostic
algorithms. The finals sections cover related topics including
entomodermatoscopy, inflammatoscopy, trichoscopy and capilaroscopy.
This highly useful resource is enhanced by more than 1000 clinical
images and illustrations. Key points Comprehensive guide to
diagnosis of skin lesions and melanomas using a dermoscope Teaches
clinicians how to recognise dermoscopic criteria Covers related
dermatoscopic topics Includes more than 1000 images and
illustrations
Titles in the Pocket Tutor series give practical guidance on
subjects that medical students and foundation doctors need help
with ‘on the go’, at a highly-affordable price that puts them
within reach of those rotating through modular courses or working
on attachment. Topics reflect information needs stemming
from today’s integrated undergraduate and foundation courses:
Common presentations Investigation options (e.g. ECG, imaging)
Clinical and patient-orientated skills (e.g. examinations,
history-taking) The highly-structured, bite-size content helps
novices combat the ‘fear factor’ associated with day-to-day
clinical training, and provides a detailed resource that students
and junior doctors can carry in their pocket.  Key
points New edition of the indispensable guide to performing a
neurological examination, regarded the most complicated and
difficult physical examination to master Brand-new photos clearly
illustrate how to perform an examination in practice Fully-updated
text, improved examination sequences and new references to
neurosurgery Logical, sequential content: introductory chapters
focus on general clinical skills, history-taking and examination.
Then chapters which explain the examination of specific systems or
regions. Finally, chapters on the examination of stroke and
unconscious patients, neurological screening and how best to
synthesise findings
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis is one of the most exciting
areas in renal medicine. However, appropriate immunosuppressive
therapy can dramatically improve the prognosis in many cases, such
that renal failure is avoided. It is clear now that various
immunopathological processes are involved, and that an accurate
diagnosis is of value in guiding management. This volume aims to
bring together current knowledge of both scientific and clinical
aspects of RPN. Recent advances in the immunology, inflammatory
mechanisms and pathology of RPGN are discussed. This is followed by
consideration of the major causes of RPGN, which include
Goodpasture's disease, primary systematic vasculitis and systematic
lupus erythematosus. RPGN secondary to other renal and systemic
diseases, and RPGN in children are also described. Finally, new
approaches to treatment are reviewed. Although certain of these
areas are covered in the larger textbooks of renal medicine, our
aim is to provide a current overview of RPGN, in a concise volume.
This should be of particular interest to nephrologists and general
physicians, including those in training, but may also be of value
to pathologists, immunologists, and other studying the mechanisms
of renal disease. We hope that this volume will help them in the
management of patients with RPNG, or in planning their research
into this condition.
Classic manual muscle testing has been shown to be an invaluable
clinical tool in evaluating muscle function and for the assessment
of patient recovery from neuromuscular dysfunction. Advances in
Professional Applied Kinesiology (PAK) have 'fine tuned'
traditional understanding to bring muscle testing into another
dimension. Many of the diagnostic bonds of the past have been
broken, allowing for an unsurpassed range in functional diagnoses.
An extremely sensitive tool, PAK muscle testing allows the
clinician to evaluate a much wider array of complex systems
(cranial nerve problems, joint receptor abnormalities, and
acupuncture meridian imbalances) than can be made using the classic
testing methods. The English language edition of this highly
successful handbook has been specially prepared for the
international reader. The most up-to-date PAK tests are described
as well as myofascial stretch testing and post-isometric relaxation
techniques. The handbook carefully explains testing procedures for
almost 100 individual muscles; many more than are found in other
texts on the subject. In a unique, quick reference approach, the
book not only reviews muscle anatomy and physiology, but also
offers many clinical pearls with regard to possible causes of
muscle dysfunction. Accompanied by a wealth of illustrations, the
book is clearly written in a user-friendly 'double page' design
that maximizes understanding. Clearly describes modern muscle test
procedures The individual aspects of each muscle are easily
compared by the use of well-illustrated templated descriptions A
double-page spread design allows the reader a rapid, at-a-glance
access to essential information Muscle anatomy and function are
succinctly recapped in order to facilitate a complete understanding
of the relevance and applicability of the individual test Classic
Applied Kinesiology muscle tests for detecting functional
abnormalities are well described along with stretch testing and
post-isometric relaxation procedures for hypertonic, shortened
muscles The importance of postural analysis for the assessment of
specific muscle dysfunction is discussed and plainly described
Illustrates painful spondylogenic reflex points (areas) for each
muscle The role of distal acupuncture points and tendinomuscular
meridians in maintaining normal muscle and muscle chain function
are noted in accompanying diagrams The most commonly found trigger
points, their referred pain patterns and relationship to nearby
acupuncture points are clearly illustrated for each muscle Perfect
for use in orthopaedics, neurology, general medicine,
physiotherapy, chiropractic and osteopathy
This straightforward guide to taking patient history
comprehensively covers all of the commonly seen OSCE scenarios
within the current undergraduate medical curriculum. The Easy Guide
to Focused History Taking for OSCEs includes introductory chapters
with general OSCE guidance, mapping onto the Calgary-Cambridge
model. These include tips from recently qualified doctors and
highly respected physicians and surgeons who commonly examine
OSCEs, as well as a sample OSCE marking scheme. The book then
covers 56 histories based on presenting complaints - more than any
other text on the market - thoroughly testing both knowledge and
examination technique. Each history is based around the exam
requirements, with mnemonics, 'red flag' symptom boxes and
list-based breakdowns to aid prompt recall. Common and serious
differentials are highlighted, as well as investigations to help
rule out the serious conditions. Each section concludes by
outlining key aspects for each differential diagnosis as well as a
list of investigations and management options. With this book,
every student will be well equipped to tackle any clinical problem,
in the OSCE examination and also in their continued professional
practice.
Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to pathology testing performed
in a clinical setting at the time of patient consultation,
generating a rapid test result that enables informed and timely
clinical action to be taken on patient care. It offers patients
greater convenience and access to health services and helps to
improve clinical outcomes. POCT also provides innovative solutions
for the detection and management of chronic, acute and infectious
diseases, in settings including family practices, Indigenous
medical services, community health facilities, rural and remote
areas and in developing countries, where health-care services are
often geographically isolated from the nearest pathology
laboratory. A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing shows
health professionals how to set up and manage POCT services under a
quality-assured, sustainable, clinically and culturally effective
framework, as well as understand the wide global scope and clinical
applications of POCT. The book is divided into three major themes:
the management of POCT services, a global perspective on the
clinical use of POCT, and POCT for specific clinical settings.
Chapters within each theme are written by experts and explore
wide-ranging topics such as selecting and evaluating devices, POCT
for diabetes, coagulation disorders, HIV, malaria and Ebola, and
the use of POCT for disaster management and in extreme
environments. Figures are included throughout to illustrate the
concepts, principles and practice of POCT. Written for a broad
range of practicing health professionals from the fields of medical
science, health science, nursing, medicine, paramedic science,
Indigenous health, public health, pharmacy, aged care and sports
medicine, A Practical Guide to Global Point-of-Care Testing will
also benefit university students studying these health-related
disciplines.
For every physician that interprets ECGs, there is great need to
understand a vast amount of information regarding the technique.
That the basics of the technique have changed little over the last
100 years means that there is a huge amount of subtle detail that
must be learnt to enable its effective use as a diagnostic test.
The ECG technique is critical for deciding upon further diagnostic
procedures and therapeutic interventions (notably coronary
angiography, PTCA, stenting, coronary artery bypass grafting,
pacemaker insertion, ablation, electroconversion etc). Without
attaining the skills to practice the ECG procedure and knowledge of
its diagnostic value - skills often overlooked during medical
training - physicians will be unlikely to use it to the benefit of
their patients.
First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &
Francis, an informa company.
This is a guide for psychiatry residents, medical students, and trainees in clinical psychology, social work and nursing. Druss examines the challenges and rewards of establishing a work alliance with patients and demonstrates how therapy can provide a safe means for them to handle their experiences. Chapter topics include: creating a working alliance, initial sessions, conversation reactions, body image, the spiritual life of patients, the goals of patients and therapists, and patients who return to therapy.
First Do No Harm is an interdisciplinary study examining how various members of academic physicians organisations have constructed certain images of patients on paper over time. The study pays special attention to the classical concept of pathos, or its modern equivalent, empathy. It analyses the usage of language in describing the patients in five editions of the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), spaced 30 years apart - March 25, 1828; March 25, 1858; March 29 1888; March 28, 1918; and March 25, 1948. This book provides a unique study on this topic.
Get Ahead Medicine: OSCEs and Data Interpretation, the latest
addition to the essential Get ahead revision series, provides
practical and invaluable revision for all medical students
preparing for these challenging examinations. A volume in the
bestselling and highly praised Get ahead series Detailed scenarios
covering the entire medical syllabus ensure thorough preparation
for these examinations Each scenario contains a full mark scheme
and accompanying detailed explanations allowing for a full
understanding of revision needs Also includes abnormal findings,
ensuring candidates are fully prepared beyond standard revision
Written by a knowledgable author team with extensive experience in
the examination, Get ahead Medicine: OSCEs and Data Interpretation,
along with its companion volume on surgery and associated
specialties, is the essential revision guide for not only passing
but succeeding to exceptional standards within undergraduate
clinical examinations.
The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive and practical
guide for developing and implementing an Objective Structured
Clinical Examination (OSCE) for the medical educators/health
sciences educators/tutors/faculty/clinicians/OSCE planners, who are
involved in clinical teaching and assessment of students, trainees
and residents. The book starts with the essential theoretical
foundation before progressing to the practical implementation
steps. It contains a good balance of medical education research and
practical tips to provide readers an easy to digest, yet
comprehensive, guide for the implementation of OSCE as an
appropriate assessment tool.
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