The relationship of scientific research on human sexuality (sexology) to society's legal, judicial, and law enforcement systems (forensics) is the focus of this encyclopaedic volume. Editors James J. Krivacska and John Money have assembled contributions by leading experts, covering a wide range of legal and medical issues pertaining to the interconnection between law and sexual behaviour. Section one examines the nature of paraphilic behaviour and the social framework within which some of it becomes illegal. The topics discussed include sodomy, paedophilia, incest, sexual abuse, rape, exhibitionism, prostitution, and sexual harassment. Section two looks at current strategies for assessing the problems of sex offenders and victims. Among the areas addressed are 'real' sexual abuse vs. 'manufactured' allegations of abuse memories, allegations of satanism and ritual sexual abuse, and the difficulties of treating sex offenders within a legal framework. The final section argues that sexology has much to contribute to the debate of the appropriate role of government in regulating the private sexual behaviour of the citizenry. Sex education, contraception, abortion, AIDS, pornography, social tolerance vs. criminalisation, and a comparative view of public sex policy in China and Russia are among the subjects reviewed.

A Companion to Paleopathology offers a comprehensive overview of this rapidly growing sub- field of physical anthropology. * Presents a broad overview of the field of paleopathology, integrating theoretical and methodological approaches to understand biological and disease processes throughout human history * Demonstrates how paleopathology sheds light on the past through the analysis of human and non-human skeletal materials, mummified remains and preserved tissue * Integrates scientific advances in multiple fields that contribute to the understanding of ancient and historic diseases, such as epidemiology, histology, radiology, parasitology, dentistry, and molecular biology, as well as archaeological, archival and historical research. * Highlights cultural processes that have an impact on the evolution of illness, death and dying in human populations, including subsistence strategies, human environmental adaptations, the effects of malnutrition, differential access to resources, and interpersonal and intercultural violence

As globalization causes profound changes in business, industry, and trade,it can also have significant effects on populations, environments, and individuals.These effects may be harmful, resulting in injury or illness, prompting the critical question: How best to correct wrongs caused to individuals, communities, and/or the environment of one country by the actions of individuals or corporations of another? Possible answers lie in an emerging discipline. Forensic Epidemiology in the Global Context opens meaningful windows onto the processes of forensic epidemiology, the roles of the epidemiologist in civil disputes, and the potential contribution of the field to legal and justice efforts worldwide. Case examples from the U.K., Nigeria, Ecuador, Romania, and Australia illustrate commonly used methodologies and the challenges involved in their use in U.S. and international courts of law. A chapter on expert testimony takes readers through qualification and admissibility issues, report requirements, and working with attorneys. Included in the coverage: Forensic epidemiology in the international legal arena. The epidemiologist as an expert in litigation. Epidemiological evidence in tort law: dispatches from the U.K. Liability for occupational exposure: the role of epidemiology. Forensic epidemiology and environmental justice. Forensic epidemiology, pathology, ethnics, and human rights. By emphasizing both the scientific and legal components of the equation, Forensic Epidemiology in the Global Context gives researchers and graduate students in epidemiology a unique and timely guide to the present and future of an increasingly salient field.

In today's world, healthy aging and a fulfilling lifestyle are important to older members of society, with many opting to remain as independent and mobile as possible for as long as possible. However, elderly individuals tend to have a variety of functional limitations that can increase the likelihood of debilitating falls and injuries. Assessments of functionality are very often only performed following an accident, which implies a hindsight bias because results do not necessarily reflect pre-accidental performance capacities. Furthermore, these belated measures do little to reduce the likelihood of new falls. As such, it is imperative that personalized preventative approaches are taken to prevent falls. Integrated Care and Fall Prevention in Active and Healthy Aging contains state-of-the-art research and practices related to integrated care, fall prevention, and aging throughout areas ranging from medical to social aspects of care, health economy, standards, pathways and information scopes, practices and guidelines, technology, etc. Covering topics such as active care and healthy aging, it is ideal for doctors, gerontologists, nursing home and long-care facility staff, scientists, researchers, students, academicians, and practitioners working in care pathways involving good practices of fall prevention in home care and community care settings.

For more than 35 years the Swiss Society of Neuropathology has organiseditstraditionalInternationalWinterMeeting.Themainaimofthis venue is to bring together neuropathologists and clinicians as well as neuroscientistsinterestedindiseasemechanisms.TheXVIIIthInternational WinterMeeting washeld inMarch 2000 in St. Moritz, Switzerland. The topicofthe2000Meetingwas"NeuropathologyandGeneticsofDementia." Aprogrammeofinvitedplenarylecturesofhigheducationalvalueaswellas platform andposterpresentations given by manyparticipantscoveredthe broadspectrumofdementingdisorders.Encouragedbythehighstandardof the meeting, and probably also influenced by the advent of a new Millenniumwedecided, togetherwithKluwerAcademiclPlenumPublishers, topublishtheProceedingsofthe2000Meetinginthepresentbook. The increaseofthe agedpopulation challenges social and health care systemsinindustrializedsocieties.Maintenanceofhealthandautonomyinto oldage isakeyfactor, andtheautonomyandindependenceofoldpersons crucially depend on mental health. However, neurodegenerative disorders accompanied bydementiaaffect 5-10%ofindividualsoverthe ageof65, and for the age group between 65 and 95 the prevalence of cognitive dysfunction doubles every 5 years. With this challenge in mind, Rossor discusses the clinical syndrome of dementia which encompasses an enormousvarietyofunderlyingdisorders. Over the last few years it has become apparent that many neurodegenerative disorders are characterised by protein misfolding and aberrant polymerization and may therefore be viewed as "aggregation proteopathies." Among them a substantial subsetofdementing disorders, either with or without motor dysfunction, are characterised by abundant v VI Preface neuronaland/orglialaccumulationofhyperphosphorylatedtauprotein.The molecular parametersofthese "tauopathies" are reviewed by Delacourte. Therecentdiscoverythatmutationsofthetaugenearecausativeforfamilial formsoffrontotemporaldementiaandParkinsonism(FTDP-17)broughtthe "taupathway"and the"tauopathies"tothecentrestage.Thisextraordinary breakthroughwillbecoveredbySpillantiniandGoedert.Thereisincreasing evidence that argyrophilic grain disease is much more frequent in older patients than previously thought. Tolnay et al. are reviewing recent contributionstothepathologyofthislate-onsetdementingdisorderinwhich ofamyloidbetadeposits, isalmost taupathology, inthealmosttotalabsence exclusivelyrestricted to the limbic lobe and the amygdala. Schultzet al. report an intriguing age-related progression of neuronal and glial tau pathologyinbaboonsthusrenderingthe baboonapotentialprimatemodel forage-relatedhuman"tauopathies." Gotzetal. introducetransgenicmice expressingmutated human tau as valuable animal models for reproducing formationofneuro-andglialfibrillarylesions.

An accessible, essential introduction to forensic odontology. Written by a team of well-established, active practitioners in the field, Forensic Odontology is invaluable for those needing an introduction to the subject for the general dental practitioner who has an interest in forensic dentistry and is contemplating practicing in the field. It will also be useful as a reference during practice. After a brief introduction the book covers dental anatomy and development, expert witness skills, mortuary practice, dental human identification, disaster victim identification, dental age assessment, bite marks, forensic photography and the role of the forensic odontologist in protection of the vulnerable person. Chapters outline accepted and recommended practices and refer to particular methodologies, presenting different schools of thought objectively.

Medical responsibility lawsuits have become a fact of life in every physician s medical practice. However, there is evidence that physicians are increasingly practising defensive medicine, ordering more tests than may be necessary and avoiding patients with complicated conditions. The modern practice of medicine is increasingly complicated by factors beyond the traditional realm of patient care, including novel technologies, loss of physician autonomy, and economic pressures. A continuing and significant issue affecting physicians and the healthcare system is malpractice. In the latter half of the 20th century, there was a major change in the attitude of the public towards the medical profession. People were made aware of the huge advances in medical technology, because health problems increasingly tended to attract media interest and wide publicity. Medicine is a victim of its own success in this respect, and people are now led to expect the latest techniques and perfect outcomes on all occasions. This burst of technology and hyper-specialization in many fields of medicine means that each malpractice claim is transformed into a scientific challenge, requiring specific preparation in analysis and judgment of the clinical case in question. The role of legal medicine becomes more and more peculiar in this judicial setting, often giving rise to erroneous interpretations and hasty scientific verdicts, but guidelines on the methodology of ascertainments and criteria of evaluation are lacking all over the world.The aim of this volume is to clarify the steps required for sequential in-depth analysis of events and consequences of medical actions, in order to verify whether, in the presence of damage, errors or non-observance of rules of conduct by health personnel exist, and which causal values and links of their hypothetical misconduct are involved. "

This book examines core issues related to legal insanity, integrating perspectives from psychiatry, law, and ethics. Various criteria for insanity are analyzed and recommendations for forensic psychiatric and legal practice are offered. Many legal systems have an insanity defense, in one form or another. Still, it remains unclear exactly when and why mental disorders affect a person's moral or criminal responsibility. Questions addressed in this book include: Why should insanity be a component of our legal system? What should be the criteria for an insanity defense? What would be the reasons for abolishing it? Who should bear the burden of proof? Furthermore, the book discusses the impact neurosciences may have on psychiatric and psychological evaluations of defendants as well as on legal decisions about insanity.

This reference book provides an update on the advances and developments in autopsy practice. The book is designed to be kept in laboratories, offices and mortuaries so that pathologists can quickly reach for it and look up how to undertake procedures or interpret findings found in autopsy practice. Useful to both trainees and consultants in all specialty areas within pathology, the book also serves as a guide to all those involved in death investigation.

Margaret Stark and a team of authoritative experts offer a timely survey of the fundamental principles and latest developments in clinical forensic medicine. Topics range from sexual assault examination to injury interpretation, from nonaccidental injury in children, to crowd control agents. Also included are extensive discussions of the care of detainees, the management of substance abuse detainees in custody, the causes and prevention of deaths in custody, and the fundamentals of traffic medicine. In the absence of international standards of training, the authors also address the basic issues of consent, confidentiality, note-keeping, court reporting, and attendance in court. Comprehensive and authoritative, A Physicians Guide to Clinical Forensic Medicine offers forensic specialists and allied professionals a reliable, up-to-date guide to proven practices and procedures for a every variety of police inquiry requiring clinical forensic investigation.

While health professionals may be adequately informed about the legal aspects of many specialized areas of medicine and nursing, they may not totally understand the law applicable to cases of dying patients, or even the legal definition of death itself. In the wake of advances in medical technology, recent court decisions on the right to die, the enactment of natural death and brain death statutes, advance directives and living wills, and growing use of organ transplantation, there has been widespread concern about the legal and ethical issues surrounding these subjects. This book, written by a lawyer-thanatologist, will satisfy these needs. It is the first work to bring together case and statutory law applicable to dying patients, the right to die, advance directives, brain death, and organ transplantation, thus formulating a law of dying and death.

It is also unique as a self-help law finder. Although occasions that require consultation with a lawyer will arise, this work gives health professionals practical guidance on where and how to find legal materials on these issues. This book should also prove immensely useful in summarizing the law concerning dying and death for professional legal counsel. Medical decisions and issues that once were the sole province of doctors, hospitals, patients, and families have become matters of increasing judicial and legislative attention.

Unlike most of the literature in forensic mental health assessment, this book posits the existence of broad principles of forensic assessment that are applicable across different legal issues and are derived from and supported by sources of authority in ethics, law, science, and professional practice. The author describes and analyzes twenty-nine broad principles of forensic mental health assessment within this framework.

Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry discusses a broad range of issues based around the psychiatric needs of adolescents and how these relate to offending behavior. Its well-structured approach looks at assessment, treatment, and outcomes for different disorders and highlights the importance of effective interaction between specialist agencies. Services supporting the assessment and treatment of children and young people within forensic mental health services are influenced by professionals in many areas; therefore, the book includes contributions by authors from a wide range of disciplines and specialties in order to cover every aspect of the field.
Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry examines the key influences that shape young people's attitudes and behavior and shows the association between different offending behavior patterns and psychiatric disorders. It includes a section on future strategies, including politics, service provision, and the impact of research. This book will be of special interest to people working with children and young people in secure care, and to those working with all looked-after children. It will be of value to all those involved in the development of the needs of children and adolescents within educational, social, mental health and criminal justice services.

Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice is the fifth volume in the Essentials in Autopsy Practice series, covering topics of current and future interest. Designed to keep all involved in the investigation of death abreast of changes within the field, this volume covers a wide range of topical areas which can be encountered around the world. Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice covers death by drowning; deaths from extreme temperature; the radioactive autopsy; chemical contamination and the autopsy; blast injuries; forensic odontology identification; and determination of the force used to cause an injury. Useful to both trainees and consultants in all specialty areas within pathology, including forensic pathology, Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Innovations, Updates and Advances in Practice also serves as a guide to all those involved in death investigation, i.e. nurses, lawyers, paramedics and police officers.

The aim of this book is to dissect forensic anthropology and forensic pathology in its various and valuable contributions to contemporary society. It gives answers and approaches key questions to this sciences' growing audience within different countries in the recent years. It aims to provide a practical approach to the investigation of bodies that are not fresh enough to be considered a normal forensic case. The specialists of both areas can have in a single book the useful tools and practical recommendations of these specialities (forensic anthropology and forensic pathology) that are spread among other textbooks.
It proposes original, illustrated, and updated articles on the four parameters of the biological profile; it discusses the factors of individualization; it explains the decay process of a body and the relevance of each step for forensic sciences, providing a useful approach to investigate such corpses; it reviews bone trauma; it facilitate the access to a number of international organizations and protocols related with the subject; it compares the perspectives of expertises from different countries, namely Europe, North America, and Latin America. The majority of the authors found in this volume have quite a lot of experience with the subjects that they discuss. Finally, this book provides a bridge between forensic anthropology and forensic pathology, and brings practical advice from physical anthropology.
Forensic Anthropology and Medicine: Complementary Sciences From Recovery to Cause of Death presents both forensic anthropology and forensic pathology in their various and valuable contributions to contemporary society. Providing original, illustrated, andupdated articles on the four parameters of the biological profile, this text encompasses the factors of individualization; the decay process of a body and the relevance of each step for forensic sciences; bone trauma; access to a number of international organizations; and protocols related with the subject, all with perspectives of expertise from different countries, namely Europe, North America, and Latin America.
Forensic Anthropology and Medicine: Complementary Sciences From Recovery to Cause of Death strengthens the contributions of forensic anthropologists in the main stages of forensic work (recovery, identification, and determination of cause of death). Organized in five parts, Part I presents both disciplines-forensic anthropology and forensic medicine focused specially on forensic pathology. Part II contains techniques for age estimation of living individuals for reasons of imputability, one of the growing subfields of forensic anthropology. Part III discusses all the steps of forensic analysis, precisely from recovery to the cause of death. Part IV reviews the state of knowledge on assessing gender, age, stature, and ancestry from skeletal remains, discussing and reviewing the question of personal identity. Part V presents a clear example of the real value of a multidisciplinary investigation, with mass disasters and crimes against humanity highlighted.
Comprehensive and written by experts in the field, Forensic Anthropology and Medicine: Complementary Sciences From Recovery to Cause of Death offers forensic scientists, anthropologists, medical doctors, and police officers a bridge between forensic anthropology and forensic pathology that will grow and develop veryclosely in the future, whenever humanity has the need.

The taphonomic approach within paleontology, archaeology, and paleoanthropology continues to produce advances in understanding postmortem biochemical and morphological transformations. Conversely, advances in understanding the early and intermediate postmortem period generated in the forensic realm can and should be brought to the attention of scientists who study the historic and prehistoric past.

Building on the success of Forensic Taphonomy: The Postmortem Fate of Human Remains, Advances in Forensic Taphonomy: Method, Theory, and Archaeological Perspectives presents new and updated techniques. It expands the taphonomic focus on biogeographic context and microenvironments and integrates further the theoretical and methodological links with archaeology and paleontology.

Topics covered include:
o Microenvironmental variation and decomposition in different environments
o Taphonomic interpretation of water deaths
o Mass graves, mass fatalities and war crimes, archaeological and forensic approaches
o Updates in geochemical and entomological analysis
o Interpretation of burned human remains
o Discrimination of trauma from postmortem change
o Taphonomic applications at the scene and in the lab

This comprehensive text takes an interdisciplinary and international approach to understanding taphonomic modifications. Liberally illustrated with photographs, maps, and other images, Advances in Forensic Taphonomy: Method, Theory, and Archaeological Perspectives is a valuable source of information for postmortem death investigation.

This is a practical handbook on everything a medical professional needs to know in order to write a medico-legal report. It enables them to see how their knowledge and experience of psychiatry can be harnessed to answer the legal questions necessary for the administration of justice and the resolution of disputes and covers the training, skills and knowledge that are necessary to prepare expert psychiatric evidence for courts and other legal situations. A variety of rules, guidance and professional codes of practice must be complied with when writing expert reports and the requirements from all of these sources are brought together here in one single volume. Chapters suitable for all medical experts include: the role and responsibilities an expert witness; the medico-legal consultation; the structure and form of the generic report; going to court; and maintaining expertise. Other chapters focus more specifically on reports for criminal proceedings, in personal injury cases, for family cases and those involving capacity, plus reports for tribunals, inquests and for jurisdictions in the British Isles outside England and Wales. Appendices include several sample letters, a consent form and other documents that can be adapted by those starting out in expert witness work. This book is aimed at psychiatrists who wish to write medico-legal reports and become expert witnesses and will also be a useful resource for established expert psychiatric witnesses and the solicitors and barristers who instruct them.

This third volume in the Forensic Pathology Atlases: Causes of Death Series provides an overview of the types, mechanisms, and physical findings associated with deaths involving asphyxia. Asphyxia and Drowning serves as a basic framework for an extensive pictorial representation of findings associated with these types of deaths. It helps the reader to gain a better understanding of the processes leading to asphyxiation, to recognize the associated physical findings, and better appreciate the difficulties in evaluating asphyxiation deaths.

It fills a void in the resources available to researchers and practitioners in forensic hair examination by providing photographic archetypes for the microscopic characteristics of human hair and the variates of the characteristics seen in forensic examinations, including curl; color; pigment distribution and density; cortical fusi; and ovoid bodies. These illustrations provide a uniform basis for describing the characteristics and their variations for forensic professionals in differing geographical areas. The documentation of hair characteristics using the scoring system outlined in this atlas allows researchers to develop data regarding the frequency of characteristics within the hairs of one or more individuals and the assessment of whether certain hair characteristics are co-dependent.

Spinal surgery is a unique area in the process of continuous development. New skills are applied daily in this delicate field by the spinal surgeon: this professional can be either an orthopaedic surgeon or a neurosurgeon dedicated to the treatment of spinal diseases. This book offers a comprehensive approach and reviews all of the possible errors encountered by spinal surgeons in the clinical practice. It is mainly directed towards young surgeons approaching spinal surgery and also to experienced surgeons with regards to complications related to the latest technologies in the spinal field. This approach of treating and understanding problems in cervical spine surgery is unique and will guide the reader towards an improved level of attention regarding pitfalls in cervical spine surgery, therefore fostering the ability of preventing major complications and medicolegal consequences.

This volume serves to provide an international overview of personal injury compensation in different geographical areas (15 countries already included), with a special focus on the methods used to ascertain the injury and the related damages. It also goes on to clarify the logical and methodological steps required for a sequential, in-depth ascertainment of any traumatic event and the related personal damage, both pecuniary and non-pecuniary. Personal injury is a legal term for an injury to the body, mind or emotions suffered by the plaintiff under tort and/or civil law regulations. Damages related to the injury can be pecuniary or non-pecuniary in nature. Although several comparative studies and research projects on tort and civil law and personal injury claims aimed at developing new tools for promoting harmonization of private law have been performed at an international level, heterogeneity and divergences still exist in the definition and compensation of personal injury and damage across different national legislative systems. The starting point for any awarding procedure should be a medical, or rather a medico-legal, assessment to gain evidence on the trauma or event causing the injury, the mechanism of injury, the pre-existing health status of the injured party, and the health consequences of the injury (temporary and permanent impairment, work incapacity, etc.). In order to pursue the ultimate goal of an international harmonization of personal injury compensation, it is of upmost importance to define the quality requirements for the medico-legal ascertainment methodology, which are essential for guaranteeing the objectivity, rigor, and reproducibility of the data and the evidence collection procedure. Currently, there are no supra-national medico-legal guidelines dealing with the ascertainment methodology of personal injury and damage under tort and civil law.

This expert volume in the Diagnostic Pathology series is an excellent point-of-care resource for practitioners at all levels of experience and training. Specifically designed to assist hospital pathologists and assistants, forensic pathology fellows, pathology residents, and medical examiners, it provides a comprehensive, authoritative discussion of key topics in forensic autopsy. Richly illustrated and easy to use, Diagnostic Pathology: Forensic Autopsy is a one-stop reference on the performance of procedures in this challenging field, ideal as a day-to-day reference or as a reliable training resource. Provides expert guidance on accurate diagnoses of the findings and patterns encountered in the forensic autopsy, as well as cause of death procedures Covers key topics such as opioid and drug deaths, including new drugs and their toxicology; deaths and investigations in custody; infant and child deaths, including SIDS and overlaying; and infant and child neck trauma, including shaken baby syndrome Contains the necessary information to aid in the performance of both routine and complicated forensic autopsies Features hundreds of high-quality images throughout, including full-color illustrations and clinical and gross pathology photographs-all carefully annotated to highlight the most diagnostically significant factors Features a templated, highly formatted design; concise, bulleted text; key facts in each chapter; and an extensive index for easy reference Offers authoritative, readable coverage for those who need to learn and understand important aspects of forensic autopsy, including coroners, medico-legal death investigators, and legal investigators Includes the enhanced eBook version, which allows you to search all text, figures, and references on a variety of devices

Written by a team of internationally renowned experts, this book focuses on the application of gas chromatography to various aspects of forensic chemistry. The authors introduce the basic theory of chromatographic separations before discussing specific forensic issues such as drug analysis and fires and explosives. Problems faced by forensic scientists, including degraded samples and small sample size, are also addressed.

The main purpose of this book is to describe ways of assessing forensic science evidence and the means of communicating this assessment to a court of law. A clear exposition of probability from the Bayesian perspective is provided. The underlying theme of the book is the emphasis on the importance, for the assessment of the value of associative evidence linking a suspect and a crime scene, or the comparison of two probabilities, the first being that of the evidence if the suspect is guilty, the second being that of the evidence if the suspect is innocent. Edited as a joint venture between a statistician and a forensic scientist, contributions from leading researchers in the area have been brought together. Technical expressions are kept to a minimum, with those wanting more information on a particular statistical test being referred to standard textbooks as and when necessary. The editor's aim is to ensure that proper attention is placed on the courts to consideration of the probability of the evidence of association if the suspect is innocent as well as to this probability if the suspect is guilty. The work is intended for forensic science practitioners, legal practitioners, stati