Publication of papers presented at the 12th International Meeting for Forensic Haemogentics Wien 1987. Topics covered included: Formal genetics, population genetics, biochemistry and serology of nearly all hereditary blood group poly- morphisms. Also several reviews of e.g. enzyme polymor- phisms; problems and aspects of the application for paternity testing; extensive articles on forensic stain information with numerous new methods and description of artifacts; polymorphisms in body fluids; quality control methods; use of biostatistics in forensic haemogentics.

Dismemberments: Perspectives in Forensic Anthropology and Legal Medicine is the only volume in the field to address the complexities of interpreting dismemberment trauma, the different tools used, and the sociocultural motives behind dismemberments. The book's goal is to provide the reader with a comprehensive assessment that covers all aspects of dismemberment, from means and motive, to toolmark and instrument identification, to disarticulation and re-association of body parts. Each chapter is written by internationally known, expert contributors from around the world. Users will find this to be is a great resource for those involved in the analysis of recovered human remains.

For the first time, the proceedings of our biennial congress of the Society for Forensic Haemogenetics will be published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York. The different areas of research now include cellu- lar allotypes, i. e. not only the traditional red cell antigens, but also those of white cells and platelets. Plasma isoproteins and intracellular isoenzy- mes, DNA polymorphisms (restriction length fragment and banding), and biostatistics are further topics in our Society. They also deserve our special attention in the future. The practical applications comprise paren- tage testing, stain analysis, population genetics, molecular biology and other immunogenetic aspects. The 11th Congress in Copenhagen was an excellent opportunity to pre- sent our broad spectrum of scientific activities at an international forum. Among the many outstanding lectures from different parts of the world, D. A. Hopkinson's contribution on genetic variation of human enzymes and H. Matsumoto's lecture on immunoglobulin allotypes in China should be mentioned here and also L. Bolund's communication on DNA. An optimal exchange of scientific information was achieved by the arrangement of main lectures, poster sessions and workshops. The Con- gress president Dr. Klavs Henningsen deserves our special thanks for his efforts in the excellent organization of this congress.

The papers in this section on the legal aspects of nursing can be divided into two parts: (a) the rights and responsibilities of nurses, patients, and the medical system and (b) treatment, with its legal ramifications. How does one decide whether patients' rights or the health professional's rights are to be considered more seriously? Is there an absolute "right" or "wrong"? Since legal rights are sanctioned by constantly changing social and political climates, this may, in effect, diminish the possibility of anything absolute. The question of the "equivalency" of legal and moral rights is also addressed. Due to the prevalent vagueness with regard to bioethical issues as they affect hu man and legal rights, often we become absorbed in philosophical polemics without being able to arrive at anyone answer. In order to move beyond the ethical/theoret ical fonnulations, there is daily confrontation in the nursing profession -the practi cal application of theoretics."

G. di Gennaro Abuse of drugs has reached such magnitude that it is regarded by most govern ments, scholars, and experts as one of the major problems of present-day society. The highest values of individuals and social groups are strongly attacked or are at risk as a result of the spread of drug abuse. As a consequence, society is deprived of the contribution of many of its members toward the establishment of better condi tions of life. On the other hand, considerable portions of the limited resources of so ciety are diverted to assist, cure, and rehabilitate drug addicts. The enormous gains derived from illicit traffic in drugs are contributing tremendously to the strengthen ing of criminal organizations and the rise of new aggressive criminal syndicates. The financial means of these groups are invested in illegal enterprises which extend the criminals' power to various sectors of the economy. One should recognize that the vast criminal network which is behind this crimi nal big business has achieved such strength that it acts as a counter-power. Corrup tion, racketeering, oppression, and illicit influences are among the dreadful ele ments which unavoidably accompany drug trafficking. The price paid for this by humanity is incommensurate."

The Medicolegal Library is the first and only series of its kind. Its importance is self-evident. During the last decade, science, especial ly medical practice, has become an increasingly complex undertak ing. Recent dramatic developments in medicine have given rise to both theoretical controversies and practical dilemmas. Society is struggling with new scientific, economic, cultural, and legal issues. The establishment of a series such as this appears vital for lawyers and physicians, for sociologists and psychologists, and for the pub lic at large. The editorial board of the Medicolegal Library consists of dis tinguished scientists from many different countries and disciplines. Judge Amnon Carmi acts as principal series editor. Judge Carmi is the author of many books and articles on medical law, and is Editor in-Chief of Medicine and Law: An International Journal. The Medicolegal Library will issue two books each year. The first four books, soon to be published, will deal with child abuse, euthanasia, disability, and nursing, laws and ethics."

In 1980 the Directorate-General of Labor, Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, the Netherlands, requested the Coronel Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amsterdam, to carry out "a critical study of literature on health risks to women from industrial and occupational exposure to chemical agents which are different from risks to male workers, or which have only been observed in female workers. " The principal investigator was Mrs. A. Stijkel, medical biologist; a part of the study was carried out by R. L. Zielhuis, physician. M. M. Verberk, physician, and Mrs. M. v. d. Poel-Bot, librarian, provided continuous assistance. The final report (in Dutch) covering the literature up to and including 1981, was submitted to the government in October 1982. A somewhat abridged and modified English text, updated to include 1982, was prepared. The Editorial Board and the publisher of the International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health kindly made possible the publishing of this text in a special issue of the journal. The authors express their thanks to the Directorate-General of Labor, the Editorial Board and the publisher for making this publication possible. We sincerely hope that this report will be of assistance in making the industrial and occupational environment safer. Prof. Dr. R. L. Zie1huis Table of Contents Introduction 1 1 1. 1 Objective 1 Theoretical Possibilities for Extra Health Risks in Female 1. 2 Workers. 2 1. 2. 1 Differences Between Women and Men Apart from Reproduction .

The Medicolegal Library is the first and only series of its kind. Its importance is self-evident. During the last decade, science, especial ly medical practice, has become an increasingly complex under taking. Recent dramatic developments in medicine have given rise to both theoretical controversies and practical dilemmas. Society is struggling with new scientific, economic, cultural, and legal issues. The establishment of a series such as this appears vital for lawyers and physicians, for sociologists and psychologists, and for the pub lic at large. The editorial board of the Medicolegal Library consists of dis tinguished scientists from many different countries and disciplines. Judge Amnon Carmi acts as principal series editor. Judge Carmi is the author of many books and articles on medical law, and is Editor in-Chief of Medicine and Law: An International Journal. The Medicolegal Library will issue two books each year. The first four books, soon to be published, will deal with child abuse, euthanasia, disability, and nursing, laws and ethics. It is the wish and intention of Springer-Verlag that the Medicole gal Library play an important role throughout the world in the study and understanding of the field of medicine and law, for the benefit of both professions and of mankind at large. Contents I. Introduction Live Like a King: Die Like a King A.Carmi .............. . 3 II. The Duty to Live and the Right to Die On the Dichotomy of Divinity and Humanity in Jewish Law H. H. Cohn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 31 . . . ."

The Medicolegal Library is the first and only series of its kind. Its importance is self-evident. During the last decade, science, especial ly medical practice, has become an increasingly complex undertak ing. Recent dramatic developments in medicine have given rise to both theoretical controversies and practical dilemmas. Society is struggling with new scientific, economic, cultural, and legal issues. The establishment of a series such as this appears vital for lawyerr; and physicians, for sociologists and psychologists, and for the pub lic at large. The editorial board of the Medicolegal Library consists of dis tinguish scientists from many different countries and disciplines. Judge Amnon Carmi acts as principal series editor. Judge Carmi is the author of many books and articles on medical law, and is Editor in-Chief of Medicine and Law: An International Journal. The Medicolegal Library will issue two books each year. The first four books, soon to be published, will deal with child abuse, eutha nasia, disability, and psychiatry laws and ethics. It is the wish and intention of Springer-Verlag that the Medicole gal Library play an important role throughout the world in the study and understanding of the field of medicine and law, for the benefit of both professions and of mankind at large. Contents I. The Phenomenon Battering Behavior: One Phenomenon, Many Explanations H.Zimrin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 . . . . . Abusive Versus "Normal" Child-Rearing Practice: A Cross-Cultural Perspective R.A. Eisikovits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 14 . . . . Abusing Children's Development Potential: The Case of Moral Development Z. Eisikovits and A. Sagi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . 21 . . ."

This series edited by forensic scientists, provides an overview of current knowledge in forensic sciences, by reviewing the progress in this rapidly growing field. Each volume provides an insight into the various aspects of this science. It is the belief of the editors, that every forensic worker should be informed about all branches of his science, even if he may very well be specialised in one or few of them. This research text on forensic science, toxicology, criminalistics is intended for scientists and practitioners in the above-mentioned fields, consultants and expert witnesses.

Handbook for Death Scene Investigators provides concise information in a handy, pocket-sized (3 1/2" x 6") format - perfect for on-the-scene reference.
Details about sudden natural deaths by disease and accidents are emphasized in this guidebook, complemented with practical information on:
· reviewing a medical chart
· collecting evidence
· obtaining a medical history
· interacting with other law enforcement personnel, witnesses, and relatives
Anyone responsible for investigating natural deaths - from police investigators to medical examiners - can go direct to the information they need at a moment's notice with the Handbook for Death Scene Investigators

Features

Eine Vaterschaftssache ist mit der gutachterlichen Stellungnahme nicht erschopft. Am Ende steht vielmehr die Entscheidung des Richters, der im Gegensatz zum Gut- achter aIle Fakten zu beriicksichtigen hat, die flir oder gegen die Vaterschaft eines Beklagten sprechen. Es ist daher von Interesse, die bei der Vaterschaftsdiagnostik verwendeten Verfahren vor dem Hintergrund der Entscheidungstheorie der mathe- matischen Statistik zu betrachten, ein Vorgehen, wie es bereits bei Walter (1971) zu finden ist. Zur Auswahl stehen die sog. Bayes- und Minimaxstrategien, die beide zu verschiedenen Anforderungen an den Gutachter flihren. Einer Theorie kann man die Analyse des Verhaltens eines Richters zugrunde legen und dieses durch Defini- tionen, Axiome und Regeln nachzubilden suchen - notwendigerweise vereinfacht, aber dadurch klarer und durchsichtiger -, oder man stellt Prinzipien auf, die zu ei- nem verniinftigen Entscheidungsverhalten flihren, das man zum MaBstab flir die kiinftige Arbeit machen kann. Die hier vorgestellte Entscheidungstheorie beschrei- tet den zweiten Weg. Sie dient nicht dem Zweck, die richterliche Funktion durch ein mathematisches Verfahren zu ersetzen, zeigt aber, welche GroBen bei einem op- timalen Entscheidungsverfahren zu beriicksichtigen sind. Ein ganz wesentlicher Bei- trag kommt hierbei yom Gutachter: das Likelihoodverhaltnis A = Y IX, in dem Zah- ler und Nenner die Terzettenwahrscheinlichkeiten bei Nichtvaterschaft (Y) und Vaterschaft (X) bedeuten. IgY IX + 10 ist in Anlehnung an Essen-MOller als EM- Wert bekannt. Wahrend die Bayessche Theorie mit A weiterarbeitet und A-priori- Wahrscheinlichkeiten einbezieht, wird bei der MinimaxlOsung auf diese Wahr- scheinlichkeiten verzichtet und A durch das Verhaltnis der zugehorigen Ober- bzw.

In this revised and expanded edition, leading forensic scientist John Trestrail offers a pioneering survey of all that is known about the use of poison as a weapon in murder. Topics range from the use of poisons in history and literature to convicting the poisoner in court, and include a review of the different types of poisons, techniques for crime scene investigation, and the critical essentials of the forensic autopsy. The author updates what is currently known about poisoners in general and their victims. The Appendix has been updated to include the more commonly used poisons, as well as the use of antifreeze as a poison.

Every year throughout the world, individuals health is damaged by their exposure to toxic chemicals at work. In most cases these problems will resolve, but many will sustain permanent damage. Whilst any justified claim for compensation requires medical and legal evidence a crucial and often controversial component of this process is the establishment of a causal link between the individual s condition and exposure to a specific chemical or substance. Causation, in terms of how a substance or substances led the claimant to his or her current plight, can be difficult to establish and the main purpose of this book, is to provide the aspiring expert report writer with a concise, practical guide that uses case histories to illuminate the process of establishing causation in occupational toxicity proceedings. In summary: * A practical, accessible guide to the preparation of balanced, scientifically sound expert reports in the context of occupational toxicology. * Focuses on the scientist s role in establishing a causal link between exposure to toxins and an individual s ill health. * Includes real-life case histories drawn from the Author s 15 years experience in this area to illustrate the principles involved. Expert Report Writing in Toxicology: Forensic, Scientific and Legal Aspects proves invaluable to scientists across a range of disciplines needing guidance as to what is expected of them in terms of the best use of their expertise and how to present their findings in a manner that is authoritative, balanced and informative.

The field of forensic DNA analysis has grown immensely in the past two decades and genotyping of biological samples is now routinely performed in human identification (HID) laboratories. Application areas include paternity testing, forensic casework, family lineage studies, identification of human remains, and DNA databasing. Forensic DNA Analysis: Current Practices and Emerging Technologies explores the fundamental principles and the application of technologies for each aspect of forensic DNA analysis. The book begins by discussing the value of DNA evidence and how to properly recognize, document, collect, and store it. The remaining chapters examine: The most widely adopted methods and the best practices for DNA isolation from forensic biological samples and human remains Studies carried out on the use of both messenger RNA and small (micro) RNA profiling Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for quantification and assessment of human DNA prior to genotyping Capillary electrophoresis (CE) as a tool for forensic DNA analysis Next-generation short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping kits for forensic applications, the biological nature of STR loci, and Y-chromosome STRs (Y-STRs) Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence analysis Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion polymorphisms (indels) in typing highly degraded DNA Deep-sequencing technologies The current state of integrated systems in forensic DNA analysis The book concludes by discussing various aspects of sample-processing training and the entities that provide such training programs. This volume is an essential resource for students, researchers, teaching faculties, and other professionals interested in human identification/forensic DNA analysis.

Over the last decade, infectious disease outbreaks have heightened fears of a catastrophic pandemic passing from animals to humans. From Ebola and bird flu to swine flu and MERS, zoonotic viruses are killing animals and wreaking havoc on the people living near them. Given this clear correlation between animals and viral infection, why are animals largely invisible in social science accounts of pandemics, and why do they remain marginal in critiques of global public health? In Viral Economies, Natalie Porter draws on long-term research on bird flu in Vietnam to chart the pathways of scientists, NGO workers, state veterinarians, and poultry farmers as they define and address pandemic risks. Porter argues that as global health programs expand their purview to include life and livestock, they weigh the interests of public health against those of commercial agriculture, rural tradition, and scientific innovation. Porter challenges human-centered analyses of pandemics, and shows how these dynamic and often dangerous human-animal relations take on global significance as poultry and their pathogens travel through transnational health networks and global livestock economies. Viral Economies urges readers to think critically about the ideas, relationships, and practices that produce our everyday commodities and that shape how we determine the value of life--both human and nonhuman.

A rare and deadly disease, Ebola is one of a number of different viruses that have "jumped" from animals to humans. This informative book shows how scientists studied the virus and began working on treatments and vaccines that will not only make Ebola less deadly, but will further the knowledge of other diseases.

Das Fachlexikon Toxikologie gibt den auf dem Gebiet des Umweltschutzes, der Arbeitshygiene und Toxikologie tatigen Wissenschaftlern und Praktikern ebenso ein Hilfsmittel in die Hand wie den mit dem Transport gefahrlicher Guter oder den mit der schadlosen Beseitigung toxischer Abprodukte Beschaftigten. Daneben wendet sich das Fachlexikon auch an die Mitarbeiter von Feuerwehr, Polizei, Rettungsdiensten, Zoll und anderen Kontrollbehorden sowie an Lehrende und Studierende naturwissenschaftlicher Disziplinen, die nach einem kompakten und zugleich kompetenten Ratgeber suchen."

Die Standardlehrbucher zur Immunologie bieten meist sehr komplexe und detaillierte Informationen, die beim Leser bestimmte Kenntnisse uber Biochemie, Physiologie und Mikrobiologie voraussetzen. Dieses Kompendium wurde fur den "Erstkontakt" mit dieser komplexen Thematik konzipiert. Wichtige Basisinformationen uber die Struktur und Funktion von Zellen des Immunsystems, uber Antikorper, Zytokine und andere regulatorischen Molekule, sowie uber Abwehrmechanismen gegen Infektionserreger und spontan entstehende Tumore werden ebenso beschrieben wie unspezifische und spezifische Immunantworten und Storungen des Immunsystems durch Autoimmerkrankungen oder Allergien. Aufgrund der didaktischen Aufbereitung und den zahlreichen anschaulichen Abbildungen ist dieses Werk bestens als Nachschlagewerk und Lehrbuch fur Studenten der Medizin und Naturwissenschaften geeignet."

When care of younger patients raises thorny legal questions, you need answers you can trust: that's why this book belongs on every clinician's reference shelf. Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Mental Health is a timely and authoritative source that covers issues ranging from child custody to litigation concerns as it walks clinicians through the often-confusing field of depositions and courtroom testimony.

The book expands on the 2002 volume Principles and Practice of Child and Adolescent Forensic Psychiatry winner of the 2003 Manfred S. Guttmacher Award, to meet pressing twenty-first-century concerns, from telepsychiatry to the Internet, while continuing to cover basic issues, such as forensic evaluation, psychological screening, and the interviewing of children for suspected sexual abuse, that are important to both new and experienced practitioners. Many of its chapters have been entirely rewritten by new authors to provide fresh insight into such topics as child custody; juvenile law; abuse, neglect, and permanent wardship cases; transcultural, transracial, and gay/lesbian parenting and adoption; and the reliability and suggestibility of children's statements. It also includes significant material not found in the previous volume: - Two chapters on special education offer an introduction to screening instruments and help practitioners determine a child's potential need for special education programs and services.- A chapter on cultural competence helps readers improve the accuracy and responsiveness of forensic evaluations and minimize the chance of an unjust outcome resulting from misguided expert opinion.- The section on youth violence features three new chapters -- Taxonomy and Neurobiology of Aggression, Prevention of School Violence, and Juvenile Stalkers -- plus a newly written chapter on assessment of violence risk, offering guidance on how to confront problems such as bullying and initiate effective family interventions.- A chapter on psychiatric malpractice and professional liability addresses these legal concerns with an eye toward cases involving minors.- A chapter on psychological autopsy covers evaluation of the circumstances surrounding pediatric suicides, describing various types of equivocal deaths and discussing legal issues such as admissibility of the autopsy in court.- A newly written chapter on the Internet expands the previous book's focus on child pornography to help practitioners deal with issues ranging from online threats to emotional and legal consequences of interactions in cyberspace.

This is a valuable reference not only for practitioners in psychiatry and the mental health field but also for attorneys and judges. It opens up a field that may be too often avoided and helps professionals make their way through legal thickets with confidence.

In an effort to modernize criminal and civil investigations, early Bolsheviks gave forensic doctors-most of whom had been trained under the tsarist regime-new authority over issues of sexuality. Revolutionaries believed that forensic medicine could provide scientific and objective solutions to sexual disorder in the new society. Bolshevik Sexual Forensics explores the institutional history of Russian and Soviet forensic medicine and examines the effects of its authority when confronting sexual disorder. Healey compares sex crime investigations from Petrograd and Sverdlovsk in the 1920s to the numerous publications by forensic doctors and psychiatrists of the prerevolutionary and early Soviet periods to illustrate the role that these specialists played. In addition, Healey presents a fascinating look at how doctors diagnosed and treated hermaphroditism, showing how Soviet physicians revolutionized the standard scientific view in these cases by taking into account individual desire. This study sheds light on unexplored radical and reactionary forces that shaped the Bolshevik "sexual revolution" as lawmakers defined new ways of seeing sexual crime and disorder. Forensic doctors struggled to interpret the replacement of the age of consent with a standard of "sexual maturity," a designation that made female sexuality a collective "resource," not part of an individual's personality. "Innocence," "experience," and virginity played a major role in the expertise doctors furnished in rape and abuse trials. Psychiatrists recoiled from the language of sexual psychology in their investigations of sex criminals. Yet in the clinic, Soviet physicians probed the desires of the two-sexed citizen, whose psychology served as the basis for a distinctly modern approach to the "erasure" of the hermaphrodite. Healey concludes that the vision of men and women as equals after a "sexual revolution" was undermined from the outset of the Soviet experiment. Law and medicine failed to protect women and girls from violence, and Soviet medicine's physiological and biological model of sexual citizenship erased the vision of sexual self-expression, especially for women. This groundbreaking study will appeal to Soviet historians and those interested in gender studies, sexuality, medicine, and forensics.

Die Aufgabe des Gutachters im Gerichtsverfahren ist es, Juristen die Fachkenntnisse zu vermitteln, die fur die Beurteilung eines Sachverhalts notwendig sind. Um diesen Vermittlungsprozess im Bereich der Verkehrsmedizin zu unterstutzen, haben die Autoren das wissenschaftliche Basiswissen verstandlich aufbereitet - von der forensischen Toxikologie uber die biomechanische Unfallrekonstruktion bis zur anthropologischen Bildidentifikation. Sie zeigen die Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der Begutachtung auf und illustrieren dies anhand konkreter Fallbeispiele.

Multidisciplinary Medico-legal Death Investigation: Role of Consultants is the only book in the field that focuses on the role consultants have in medical examiner/coroner offices. The book provides a multidisciplinary view on the topic by including specialized fields, such as anesthesiology, surgery, radiology, including CT scan, pediatrics, cardiology-electrophysiology, cardiac pathology, forensic anthropology and odontology, firearms examination, firearms, eye pathology and psychiatry/psychology. Coverage also includes chapters on specialized topics, including high profile cases, the media, business continuity planning, envenomations, the importance of quality assurance and peer review, and quality assurance in a medico-legal death investigation office. This one-of-a-kind resource is ideal for those in the medico-legal death investigation field and professionals in the criminal and civil justice system.