Unconventional reservoirs of oil and gas represent a huge additional global source of fossil fuels. However, there is much still to be done to improve techniques for their processing to make recovery and refining of these particular energy sources more cost-effective. Brief but readable, "Heavy and Extra-heavy Oil Upgrading Technologies" provide readers with a strategy for future production (the up-stream) and upgrading (the down-stream). The book provides the reader with an understandable overview of the chemistry and engineering behind the latest developments and technologies in the industry as well as the various environmental regulations.

Clear and rigorous, "Heavy and Extra-heavy Oil Upgrading Technologies" will prove tool for those scientists and engineers already engaged in fossil fuel science and technology as well as scientists, non-scientists, engineers, and non-engineers who wish to gain a general overview or update of the science and technology of unconventional fossil fuels in general and upgrading technologies in particular. The use of microorganisms and a number of physical methods, such as ultrasound, median microwave, cold plasma, electrokinetic and monocrystalline intermetallics, etc., will be discussed for the first time.
Overview of the chemistry, engineering, and technology of oil sandsMicroorganisms and a number of physical methods such as ultrasound, median microwave, cold plasma, electrokinetic and monocrystalline intermetallicsEvolving and new environmental regulations regarding oil sands production processes

Is the Arab world an indispensable energy source without which our civilisation will come to a halt? Is this the cause of political and military meddling in the Arab world's affairs, and the reason given by democratic western leaders to defend supporting autocratic and authoritarian Arab governments to stay in power? Is the world really this vulnerable? Assessment of mankind's dependence on fossil fuels, particularly the position of the Arab world, is performed by analysing the three types (oil, natural gas, and coal), which are in essence convertible. Fossil fuels are tackled from two angles: clarifying the terminology used by the media, politicians, scientists, and so-called experts, when discussing fossil fuels; evaluating the hard facts and separate them from fiction by analysing the numbers and scrutinise them impartially to come with a definitive quantitative answer. Finally, a further investigation examines fossil fuels in relation to alternative energy, and from political perspective.

Field operations of drillstrings and marine risers are complex and require the skill of experts with engineering knowledge and experience. The objective of this book is to provide analytical tools to assist in designing and operating these long tubulars. Closed form solutions are emphasized throughout. This book is intended for early-career and advanced engineers and their managers concerned with offshore drilling and petroleum-extraction operations. It will serve as a reference for the practicing engineer as well as a text for short courses designed for continuing education and professional training.

The combination of global warming and peak oil has made finding alternative sources of energy more important than ever. Written in an easy-to-read format, Oil Sands Production Processes provide the reader with an understandable overview of the chemistry, engineering, and technology of oil sands. The various chapters have been written to include the latest developments in the oil sands industry, including evolving and new processes as well as the various environmental regulations.
Overview of the chemistry, engineering, and technology of oil sands

Updates on the evolving processes and new processes

Evolving and new environmental regulations regarding oil sands production processes

Shale Oil represents a huge additional global fossil fuel resource. However, extracting oil from the shale is no simple task; much still needs to be understood to make the process more cost-effective to increase economic flow rates. Clear and rigorous, Oil Shale Production Process will prove useful for those scientists and engineers already engaged in fossil fuel science and technology as well as scientists, non-scientists, engineers, and non-engineers who wish to gain a general overview or update of the science and technology of fossil fuels. Not only does the book discuss the production processes but also provides methods which should reduce environmental footprint by properly addressing: surface mining and extraction processes, in situ conversion process and hydrotreatment.
Covers production processes technologies such as: surface mining and retorting, in Situ Retoring and processes, direct and indirect retorting and hydrotreatment for shale oil.

Methods which should reduce environmental footprint

Easy-to-read understand overview of the chemistry, engineering, and technology of shale oil "

Despite long standing concern by policy makers, U.S. oil imports have generally increased for decades. This book explores U.S. oil sources with a focus on the U.S.-Canada energy relationship; the Keystone XL Pipeline project; Middle East and North Africa unrest and the implications for oil and natural gas markets; Egypt's turmoil on the global oil and natural gas supply; hedge fund speculation and oil prices; and, The Strategic Petroleum Reserve and Refined Product Reserves Act.

The Marcellus Shale is a sedimentary rock formation deposited over 350 million years ago in a shallow inland sea located in the eastern United States where the present-day Appalachian Mountains now stand. This shale contains significant quantities of natural gas. New developments in drilling technology, along with higher wellhead prices, have made the Marcellus Shale an important natural gas resource. This book explores water resources and natural gas production from the Marcellus Shale; the impact of Marcellus Shale gas play on current and future Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) activities and applying this technology to solve America's energy challenges.

Petroleum engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil or natural gas. Subsurface activities are deemed to fall within the upstream sector of the oil and gas industry, which are the activities of finding and producing hydrocarbons. This book presents current research in the study of sustainable petroleum engineering including topics such as optimisation techniques in groundwater monitoring network design for petroleum contaminant detection; a relation-analysis-based approach for assessing risks of petroleum-contaminated sites and an improved model for predicting formation damage induced by oilfield scales.

Here is a state-of-the-art survey of artificial intelligence in modern exploration programs. Focussing on standard exploration procedures, the contributions examine the advantages and pitfalls of using these new techniques, and, in the process, provide new, more accurate and consistent methods for solving old problems. They show how expert systems can provide the integration of information that is essential in the petroleum industry when solving the complicated questions facing the modern petroleum geoscientist.

Today's energy situation has created a dilemma for coal use in the United States. On one hand, the environmental challenges of using coal appear formidable, particularly with growing concern over the impact of carbon dioxide emissions on global climate change. On the other hand, the projected demand for electricity, coupled with high fuel costs, presents a near-term opportunity for the greater use of coal to ensure energy security for America. This solution to coal's "Catch-22" can be achieved through technological advancements that enable coal-based energy plants to produce much needed electricity and fuels for secure and stable economic growth. This book examines the development of the technological pathway of advanced power systems using bituminous coal.

Petroleum Rock Mechanics: Drilling Operations and Well Design covers the fundamentals of solid mechanics and petroleum rock mechanics and their application to oil and gas-related drilling operations and well design. More specifically, it examines the role of formation, strength of rock materials, and wellbore mechanics, along with the impact of in-situ stress changes on wellbore and borehole behavior. Practical examples with solutions and a comprehensive glossary of terminologies are provided. Equations are incorporated into well-known failure criteria to predict stresses and to analyze a range of failure scenarios throughout drilling, well operation, and well completion processes. The book also discusses stress and strain components, principal and deviatoric stresses and strains, materials behavior, the theories of elasticity and inelasticity, probabilistic analysis of stress data, the tensile and shear strength of rocks, wellbore stability, and fracture and collapse behavior for both single and multi-lateral wells. Both inexperienced university students and experienced engineers will find this book extremely useful.

A book on Petroleum Reservoir Rock Properties that can be of use to both the beginner and the expert alike.

Current discussions of U.S. and global energy supply refer to oil, natural gas and coal using several terms that may be unfamiliar to some. The terms used to describe different types of fossil fuels have technically precise definitions, and misunderstanding or misuse of these terms may lead to errors and confusion in estimating energy available or making comparisons among fuels, regions or nations. This book describes the characteristics of fossil fuels that make it necessary to use precise terminology, summarises the major terms and their meanings, and provides a brief summary of the United States' endowment of fossil fuels and the relationship between the U.S. fossil fuel energy endowment and those of other nations.

Used to clean the borehole, stabilize rock, control pressures, or enhance drilling rates, drilling fluids and their circulation systems are used in all phases of a drilling operation. These systems are highly dynamic and complicated to model until now. Written by an author with over 25 years of experience, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provide users with the necessary analytical/numerical models to handle problems associated with the design and optimization of cost-effective drilling circulation systems. The only book which combines system modeling, design, and equipment, Applied Drilling Circulation Systems: Hydraulics, Calculations and Models provides a clear and rigorous exposition of traditional and non-traditional circulation systems and equipment followed by self contained chapters concerning system modelling applications. Theories are illustrated by case studies based on the author's real life experience. The book is accompanied by a website which permits readers to construct, validate, and run models employing Newtonian fluids, Bingham Plastic fluids, Power Law fluids, and aerated fluids principles. This combination book and website arrangement will prove particularly useful to drilling and production engineers who need to plan operations including pipe-tripping, running-in casing, and cementing.

After covering the environment and energy beat for more than a decade, columnist Amanda Little decided that the only way to fully understand America's energy crisis was to travel into the heart of it. So she embarked on a daring, cross-country power trip to the most extreme and exciting frontiers of our energy landscape.

In "Power Trip," we accompany her to a deep-sea oil rig, the cornfields of Kansas, the catacombs of the Pentagon, the Talladega Superspeedway, and inside New York City's electrical grid. We visit laboratories creating the innovations that will carry us into a clean-energy future. Little also travels back through history to investigate how America developed its unrivaled appetite for fossil fuels. In vivid, fast-paced prose, she illustrates how the same American ingenuity that got us into this mess can get us out of it too.

This study was to analyze the future role of natural gas in the energy mix of countries of South East Europe. The study further identifies regional, cross-border and country-specific gas infrastructure projects that are economically, financially and technically sound. The study also analyses, and makes proposals for, the institutional and policy issues relating to funding and implementing gas infrastructure projects. The study examines sources of gas supply from Russia, the Caspian region and other current and prospective producer countries through Turkey and other transit routes (including LNG) and assesses costs of supply and gasification prospects in nine gas markets in the South East Europe region: Albania Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Kosovo Macedonia Montenegro Romania Serbia These markets are all signatories of the Athens Memoranda of 2002 and 2003, which commit the participants to regional cooperation in electricity and gas."

Skyrocketing energy costs have spurred renewed interest in coal gasification. Currently available information on this subject needs to be updated, however, and focused on specific coals and end products. For example, carbon capture and sequestration, previously given little attention, now has a prominent role in coal conversion processes. This book approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, with topics chosen to aid the process engineer who is interested in a complete, coal-to-products system. It provides a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes. The first topic describes the nature and availability of coal. Next, the fundamentals of gasification are described, followed by a description of gasification technologies and gas cleaning processes. The conversion of syngas to electricity, fuels and chemicals is then discussed. Finally, process economics are covered. Emphasis is given to the selection of gasification technology based on the type of coal fed to the gasifier and desired end product: E.g., lower temperature gasifiers produce substantial quantities of methane, which is undesirable in an ammonia synthesis feed. This book also reviews gasification kinetics which is informed by recent papers and process design studies by the US Department of Energy and other groups, and also largely ignored by other gasification books. * Approaches coal gasification and related technologies from a process engineering point of view, providing a perspective for engineers and scientists who analyze and improve components of coal conversion processes * Describes the fundamentals of gasification, gasification technologies, and gas cleaning processes * Emphasizes the importance of the coal types fed to the gasifier and desired end products * Covers gasification kinetics, which was largely ignored by other gasification books