Nearly 2 billion acres of offshore public domain is owned by the United States adjacent to Alaska and the lower 48 States. Much of the Nation's future domestic petroleum supply is expected to come from this area. Areas of highest potential apparently occur in deep water and in the Arctic where operating conditions are severe, development costs high, and financial risks immense. As the pace of exploration increases in these "frontier" regions, questions arise about the technologies needed to safely and efficiently explore and develop oil and gas in harsh environments. The Office of Technology Assessment undertook this assessment at the join request of the House Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs and on Merchant Marine and Fisheries. The study explores the range of technologies required for exploration and development of offshore energy resources and assesses associated economic factors and financial risks. It also evaluates the environmental factors related to energy activities in frontier regions and considers important government regulatory and service programs.

This scarce antiquarian book is included in our special Legacy Reprint Series. In the interest of creating a more extensive selection of rare historical book reprints, we have chosen to reproduce this title even though it may possibly have occasional imperfections such as missing and blurred pages, missing text, poor pictures, markings, dark backgrounds and other reproduction issues beyond our control. Because this work is culturally important, we have made it available as a part of our commitment to protecting, preserving and promoting the world's literature.

When it was first published in 1939, oil historian James A. Clark called this book, "the most valuable collection of historical, biographical, and statistical data on Texas oil ever assembled." That is still true today. It is the definitive history of the petroleum industry in Texas, exhaustively addressing the geology, technology and economic impact of the industry that made Texas synonymous with oil. Mr. Warner provides a well-articulated and accurate account of the early discoveries, fields, and oilmen in the state. This expanded edition includes previously unpublished material extending further the scope of the original 1939 text. Illustrated with photos and production statistic charts by county.

This story of LOOP INC. is my opportunity to reveal the background of planning, permitting, and construction of the first and only offshore crude oil unloading deepwater port in the United States. As the first President of LOOP INC., Mr. Read was personally involved as the responsible spokesman for all phases of many interesting activities. From preliminary design engineering to passing legislation in the United States Congress and the State of Louisiana and through construction into operations was a real challenge. The port has been unloading crude oil tankers successfully for nearly twenty five years without a major mishap. It was front page news while trying to get permission to build and operate the port but, since start up, have been proceeding quietly with business as usual and is now looking forward to additional opportunities.

In 2015, annual average atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels surpassed a level of 400 parts per million (ppm) for the first time in three million years. This has caused widespread concern among climate scientists, and not least among those that work on natural climate variability in prehistoric times, before humans. These people are known as "past climate" or palaeoclimate researchers, and author Eelco J. Rohling is one of them. The Climate Question offers a background to these concerns in straightforward terms, with examples, and is motivated by Rohling's personal experience in being intensely quizzed about whether modern change is not all just part of a natural cycle, whether nature will not simply resolve the issue for us, or whether it won't be just up to some novel engineering to settle things quickly. This book discusses in straightforward terms why climate changes, how it has changed naturally before the industrial revolution made humans important, and how it has changed since then. It compares the scale and rapidity of variations in pre-industrial times with those since the industrial revolution, infers the extent of humanity's impacts, and looks at what these may lead to in the future. Rohling brings together both data and process understanding of climate change. Finally, the book evaluates what Mother Nature could do to deal with the human impact by itself, and what our options are to lend her a hand.

This edition of a very successful and widely adopted book has been brought up-to-date with computer methods and applications throughout. It makes use of spreadsheet programs, and contains unique procedures that have never appeared before in any gas dynamics book. KEY TOPICS Chapter topics include basic equations of compressible flow., wave propagation in compressible media, isentropic flow of a perfect gas, stationary and moving normal shock waves, oblique shock waves, flow with friction and with heat addition or heat loss, equations of motion for multidimensional flow, methods of characteristics, special topics in gas dynamics, and measurement in compressible flow. For mechanical and aerospace engineers.

Molecular simulation is an emerging technology for determining the properties of many systems that are of interest to the oil and gas industry, and more generally to the chemical industry. Based on a universally accepted theoretical background, molecular simulation accounts for the precise structure of molecules in evaluating their interactions. Taking advantage of the availability of powerful computers at moderate cost, molecular simulation is now providing reliable predictions in many cases where classical methods (such as equations of state or group contribution methods) have limited prediction capabilities. This is particularly useful for designing processes involving toxic components, extreme pressure conditions, or adsorption selectivity in microporous adsorbents. Molecular simulation moreover provides a detailed understanding of system behaviour. As illustrated by their award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for the best overall performance at the Fluid Simulation Challenge 2004, the authors are recognized experts in Monte Carlo simulation techniques, which they use to address equilibrium properties. This book presents these techniques in sufficient detail for readers to understand how simulation works, and describes many applications for industrially relevant problems. The book is primarily dedicated to chemical engineers who are not yet conversant with molecular simulation techniques. In addition, specialists in molecular simulation will be interested in the large scope of applications presented (including fluid properties, fluid phase equilibria, adsorption in zeolites, etc.).Contents: 1. Introduction. 2. Basics of Molecular Simulation. 3. Fluid Phase Equilibria and Fluid Properties. 4. Adsorption. 5. Conclusion and Perspectives. Appendix

This book discusses topical issues of detailed seismic data interpretation using high-resolution seismic (HRS) techniques, which are based on the numerical method developed by the authors for solving the inverse dynamic seismic problem (IDSP). The authors highlight the range of issues related to the development and application of HRS-Geo technologies on a variety of seismic data, and analyze a significant amount of practical material in various seismic and geological conditions. This analysis allows for the accurate estimation of geological indicators in sediments that are most important for the prediction and exploration of oil and gas deposits, including lithological composition, reservoir properties, and the nature and degree of reservoir rock saturation with fluids. The book is intended for professionals involved in seismic data processing and geological interpretation, students of geophysical and geological specialties, graduate students of these specializations.

This is a monograph for geophysicists and geologists on methods of studying oil and gas strata by means of a combination of geological and geophysical techniques, based on concrete data from the fields of the North Caucasus. It deals with the geophysical and geological interpretation of well logs to study regional structure, and the application of well-log data to study of reservoirs and estimation of oil and gas potential.At the time of original publication in the Soviet Union, Professor Simon Itenberg, D.Sc., held the chair of geophysics at the Grozny Oil Institute. Following ten years of practical well-site experience, he has been researching into the problems of well-site geophysics for the past 27 years. From 1966 to 1969 Professor Itenberg worked in India as a U.N. expert in this field. He has over 60 publications to his name, including textbooks and monographs.

Written by two of the most prolific and respected chemical engineers in the world, this groundbreaking two-volume set is the "new standard" in the industry, offering engineers and students alike the most up-do-date, comprehensive, and state-of-the-art coverage of processes and best practices in the field today. This first new volume in a two-volume set explores and describes integrating new tools for engineering education and practice for better utilization of the existing knowledge on process design. Useful not only for students, professors, scientists and practitioners, especially process, chemical, mechanical and metallurgical engineers, it is also a valuable reference for other engineers, consultants, technicians and scientists concerned about various aspects of industrial design. The text can be considered as a complementary text to process design for senior and graduate students as well as a hands-on reference work or refresher for engineers at entry level. The contents of the book can also be taught in intensive workshops in the oil, gas, petrochemical, biochemical and process industries. The book provides a detailed description and hands-on experience on process design in chemical engineering, and it is an integrated text that focuses on practical design with new tools, such as Excel spreadsheets and UniSim simulation software. Written by two industry and university's most trustworthy and well-known authors, this book is the new standard in chemical, biochemical, pharmaceutical, petrochemical and petroleum refining. Covering design, analysis, simulation, integration, and, perhaps most importantly, the practical application of Microsoft Excel-UniSim software, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of all of the latest developments in the industry. It is a must-have for any engineer or student's library.

Primarily this book describes the thermodynamics of gas turbine cycles. The search for high gas turbine efficiency has produced many variations on the simple "open circuit" plant, involving the use of heat exchangers, reheating and intercooling, water and steam injection, cogeneration and combined cycle plants. These are described fully in the text.

A review of recent proposals for a number of novel gas turbine cycles is also included. In the past few years work has been directed towards developing gas turbines which produce less carbon dioxide, or plants from which the CO2 can be disposed of; the implications of a carbon tax on electricity pricing are considered.

In presenting this wide survey of gas turbine cycles for power generation the author calls on both his academic experience (at Cambridge and Liverpool Universities, the Gas Turbine Laboratory at MIT and Penn State University) and his industrial work (primarily with Rolls Royce, plc.) The book will be essential reading for final year and masters students in mechanical engineering, and for practising engineers.

On November 22, 1997, a frost ring that signified product leakage was discovered on the bottom center of a tank car that was being unloaded at the Georgia Gulf Corporation chemical plant in Pasadena, Texas. The tank car contained 29,054 gallons of a propylene/propane mixture, a liquefied flammable gas. The tank car had been purged with cryogenic nitrogen on October 17, about a month before the accident. No injuries or fatalities were reported as a result of the failure of the tank car. Georgia Gulf estimated that approximately 52 gallons of the cargo were released. The safety issues discussed in this report are the need to safeguard tank cars adequately when they are being purged with nitrogen and the use of engineering analyses of the properties of tank car steels in the development o industry-recommended procedures for the purging of tank cars with nitrogen. As a result of its investigation, the National Transportation Safety Board issued recommendations to the Compressed Gas Association, Inc., the Federal Railroad Administration, and the Association of American Railroads.

This volume contains peer-reviewed manuscripts describing the scientific and technological advances presented at the 6th Natural Gas Conversion Sumposium held in Alaska in June 2001. This symposium continues the tradition of excellence and the status as the premier technical meeting in this area established by previous meetings.
The 6th Natural Gas Conversion Symposium is conducted under the overall direction of the Organizing Committee. The Program Committee was responsible for the review, selection, editing of most of the manuscripts included in this volum. A standing International Advisory Board has ensured the effective long-term planning and the continuity and technical excellence of these meetings.

In order to reduce the cost of running blast furnaces (BFs), injected pulverized coal is used rather than coke to fire BFs. As a result of this, unburned fine materials are blown with the gas into the bosh and dead man areas with possible detrimental effects on gas flow and permeability of the coke column. The capacity of the furnace to consume these particles by solution loss is probably one of the limitations to coal injection. It is, therefore, important to understand the physicochemical and aerodynamic behaviour of fines including the change of in-furnace phenomena.

The Committee of Pulverized Coal Combustion and In-Furnace Reaction in BF was set up in 1993 as a cooperative research of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and the Iron and Steel Institute (ISIJ) to evaluate research initiative into this problem.

This book reports on the JSPS/ISIJ Committee's activities and describes the interpretation of findings drawn from combustion experiments and the results of live furnace applications, and furnace performance.

In the late 1890s, at the dawn of the automobile era, steam, gasoline, and electric cars all competed to become the dominant automotive technology. By the early 1900s, the battle was over and internal combustion had won. Was the electric car ever a viable competitor? What characteristics of late nineteenth-century American society led to the choice of internal combustion over its steam and electric competitors? And might not other factors, under slightly differing initial conditions, have led to the adoption of one of the other motive powers as the technological standard for the American automobile? David A. Kirsch examines the relationship of technology, society, and environment to choice, policy, and outcome in the history of American transportation. He takes the history of the Electric Vehicle Company as a starting point for a vision of an ""alternative" automotive system in which gasoline and electric vehicles would have each been used to supply different kinds of transport services. Kirsch examines both the support-and lack thereof-for electric vehicles by the electric utility industry. Turning to the history of the electric truck, he explores the demise of the idea that different forms of transportation technology might coexist, each in its own distinct sphere of service. A main argument throughout Kirsch's book is that technological superiority cannot be determined devoid of social context. In the case of the automobile, technological superiority ultimately was located in the hearts and minds of engineers, consumers and drivers; it was not programmed inexorably into the chemical bonds of a gallon of refined petroleum. Finally, Kirsch connects the historic choice of internal combustion over electricity to current debates about the social and environmental impacts of the automobile, the introduction of new hybrid vehicles, and the continuing evolution of the American transportation system.

Petroleum is not as easy to find as it used to be. In order to locate and develop reserves efficiently, it's vital that geologists and geophysicists understand the geological processes that affect a reservoir rock and the oil that is trapped within it. This book is about how and to what extent, these processes may be understood. The theme of the book is the characterization of fluids in sedimentary basins, understanding their interaction with each other and with rocks, and the application of this information to finding, developing and producing oil and gas. The first part of the book describes the techniques, and the second part relates real-life case histories covering a wide range of applications. Petroleum geology, particularly exploration, involves making the best of incomplete results. It is essentially an optimistic exercise. This book will remove some of the guesswork.
Brings together the most important geochemical methods in a single volume.
Authored by two well-respected researchers in the oil industry.
Real-life, international case histories.

During the oil-boom days of the early twentieth century, a few lucky or shrewd individuals made millions of dollars virtually overnight. It is a familiar theme in the romantic mythology that sprang up about the era. But the people who produced those millions are the real story, told in these word-for-word recollections of early-day workers in the ""oil patch."" In vivid, often poignant detail these men and women recall the grueling toil, primitive living and working conditions, and ever-present danger in a time when life was cheap and oil was gold. In the late 1930s employees of the Federal Writers Project, a branch of the New Deal Workers Progress Administration, recorded the voices of these pioneers as they offered their memories, sometimes wryly humorous and sometimes bitter, of the turmoil that was the daily lot of the oilfielders. We meet colorful, tough-talking ""Manila Kate,"" who took over her husband's drilling outfit after he died in an explosion. A welder vividly recalls the death of his closest pal, a skilled hand who loved to take chances. In an oil-field shantytown the support of good-hearted neighbors assuages the pain of a bereaved and impoverished family. A ""shooter"" recalls the deadly danger of the ""soup wagon"" the buckboard that delivered the nitroglycerin to the well - or blew up on the way. While many of the individuals witnessed bizarre accidents that became almost routine in the early oil fields, their personal stories also show how uncertain job security and wages could be, even before the Depression, when dry holes and plummeting oil prices left thousands of workers broke and homeless. Many of the interviewers provide valuable technical details about early oilfield operations. Yet it is the stories of the people, the workers themselves, that endure. The early oil industry was built upon their toil, their pain, and their courage, all of which are evident in every word recorded here.