Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

The development of health across an individual’s life depends on many factors, but social determinants play a vital role. This timely Handbook simultaneously uses theoretical, descriptive, explanatory and policy approaches to explore health inequalities related to income, education, occupational status, social capital, and also biological and genetic factors. World- leading experts define and present the most prominent research topics, perspectives, and findings in the field and pose critical questions from within and beyond the research community. Structured into five parts this handbook addresses theories, methods, single stages of the life course, long-term perspectives on the whole life course, and policies. It helps readers understand the complexity of health sociology while also investigating important mechanisms and solutions through which health inequalities can be reduced. Providing a comprehensive, multi- and interdisciplinary analysis of topics and approaches to health inequalities, this Handbook will be an inspiring resource for researchers seeking to expand their knowledge and tackle new research questions. Advanced students of sociology, demography, epidemiology, public health and related fields will also benefit.

Oral health care professionals are becoming increasingly aware that almost every clinical consultation raises scientific, ethical and legal challenges. While scientific challenges may be resolved using an evidence-based medicine (EBM) approach, moral complexity must be resolved using ethical theory to justify decision making in the face of ethical conflict. Ethics and the dental team, the first title of its kind in South Africa, provides the theoretical background necessary for the resolution of ethical dilemmas. Ethics and the dental team uses case studies to demonstrate how to identify, analyse and apply ethical, moral and value concepts to scenarios that are encountered on a daily basis.

“For weeks and weeks people from ethnic minority communities have been wanting to know how they can better protect themselves from coronavirus.” [BBC News June 13th 2020] We believe that during Covid-19, ethnic minority communities in the UK, the USA and elsewhere, and all others vulnerable to seasonal Vitamin D deficiency, have been seriously let down by politicians and medical-scientific officialdom. As a result they have been needlessly deprived of extensive biological knowledge that would have protected them against disease and death from a novel virus, for which adequate levels of Vitamin D are essential. We are two retired physicians of similar ages, who together bring a century of experience to many aspects of medical practice and medical education. This includes the endocrinology of vitamin D, the prevention and treatment of serious infections, experience of previous pandemics, and a sadly sceptical view of present medicoscientific politics. During the course of the Covid-19 disaster we both came up against the neglect of first-line immunity provided by adequate levels of Vitamin D, critically important for effective defence against invasion by all new viruses, and supported by science. This is explored from many aspects in this book, in which we identify important lessons for the future, including the folly of relying exclusively on Big-Pharma and the scientists it supports.

Named a Best Book of the Year by The New Yorker and The Boston Globe An authoritative, illuminating, and deeply humane history of addiction-a phenomenon that remains baffling and deeply misunderstood despite having touched countless lives-by an addiction psychiatrist striving to understand his own family and himself "Carl Erik Fisher's The Urge is the best-written and most incisive book I've read on the history of addiction. In the midst of an overdose crisis that grows worse by the hour and has vexed America for centuries, Fisher has given us the best prescription of all: understanding. He seamlessly blends a gripping historical narrative with memoir that doesn't self-aggrandize; the result is a full-throated argument against blaming people with substance use disorder. The Urge is a propulsive tour de force that is as healing as it is enjoyable to read." -Beth Macy, author of Dopesick Even after a decades-long opioid overdose crisis, intense controversy still rages over the fundamental nature of addiction and the best way to treat it. With uncommon empathy and erudition, Carl Erik Fisher draws on his own experience as a clinician, researcher, and alcoholic in recovery as he traces the history of a phenomenon that, centuries on, we hardly appear closer to understanding-let alone addressing effectively. As a psychiatrist-in-training fresh from medical school, Fisher was soon face-to-face with his own addiction crisis, one that nearly cost him everything. Desperate to make sense of the condition that had plagued his family for generations, he turned to the history of addiction, learning that the current quagmire is only the latest iteration of a centuries-old story: humans have struggled to define, treat, and control addictive behavior for most of recorded history, including well before the advent of modern science and medicine. A rich, sweeping account that probes not only medicine and science but also literature, religion, philosophy, and public policy, The Urge illuminates the extent to which the story of addiction has persistently reflected broader questions of what it means to be human and care for one another. Fisher introduces us to the people who have endeavored to address this complex condition through the ages: physicians and politicians, activists and artists, researchers and writers, and of course the legions of people who have struggled with their own addictions. He also examines the treatments and strategies that have produced hope and relief for many people with addiction, himself included. Only by reckoning with our history of addiction, he argues-our successes and our failures-can we light the way forward for those whose lives remain threatened by its hold. The Urge is at once an eye-opening history of ideas, a riveting personal story of addiction and recovery, and a clinician's urgent call for a more expansive, nuanced, and compassionate view of one of society's most intractable challenges.

This book develops the understanding of recovery and aims to inspire professionals working with people with long-term mental health problems, their carers, and most importantly the service users themselves. There are two parts of this book. The first considers the contribution people like Isaac Newton, Charles Darwin, Florence Nightingale, Winston Churchill and Abraham Lincoln have made to society and how they could be considered to be mental health recovery heroes and how their lives were shaped and in fact enhanced by their mental illnesses. The second provides narratives from 15 contemporary recovery heroes who have lived experience of mental health problems. Each has contributed to our developing understanding of recovery and each has made a unique contribution to the field. This book aims to inspire readers by offering brief accounts of past and present recovery heroes. Vital information for: carers, practitioners, students, academics, service providers, service users

Computational Intelligence in Healthcare Applications discusses a variety of techniques designed to represent, enhance and empower inter-domain research based on computational intelligence in healthcare. The book serves as a reference for the pervasive healthcare domain which takes into consideration new convergent computing and other applications. The book discusses topics such as mathematical modeling in medical imaging, predictive modeling based on artificial intelligence and deep learning, smart healthcare and wearable devices, and evidence-based predictive modeling. In addition, it discusses computer-aided diagnostic for clinical inferences and pervasive and ubiquitous techniques in healthcare. This book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in medical informatics, however, it is also ideal for members of the biomedical field and healthcare industry who are interested in learning more about novel technologies and their applications in the field.

The last five years saw a significant return of epidemic infectious disease, culminating in COVID-19. In our new post-COVID-19 world, how do we prevent future illnesses by expanding scientific and vaccine diplomacy and cooperation, especially to combat the problems that humans have brought on ourselves? Modern diseases and viruses have been spurred anew by war and conflict as well as shifting poverty, urbanization, climate change, and a new troubling anti-science/anti-vaccination outlook. From such twenty-first-century forces, we have seen declines in previous global health gains, with sharp increases in vaccine-preventable and neglected diseases on the Arabian Peninsula, in Venezuela, in parts of Africa, and even on the Gulf Coast of the United States. In Preventing the Next Pandemic, international vaccine scientist and tropical disease and coronavirus expert Peter J. Hotez, MD, PhD, argues that we can-and must-rely on vaccine diplomacy to address this new world order in disease and global health. Detailing his years in the lab developing new vaccines, Hotez also recounts his travels around the world to shape vaccine partnerships with people in countries both rich and poor in an attempt to head off major health problems. Building on the legacy of Dr. Albert Sabin, who developed the oral polio vaccine with Soviet scientists at the height of the Cold War, he explains how he is still working to refresh and redirect vaccine diplomacy toward neglected and newly emerging diseases. Hotez reveals how-during his Obama-era tenure as the US Science Envoy for the Middle East and North Africa, which coincided with both the rise in these geopolitical forces and climate change-he witnessed tropical infectious diseases and established vaccine partnerships that may still combat them up close. He explores why, since 2015, we've seen the decline of global cooperation and cohesion, to the detriment of those programs that are meant to benefit the most vulnerable people in the world. Unfortunately, Hotez asserts, these negative global events kick off a never-ending loop. Problems in a country may lead to disease outbreaks, but those outbreaks can lead to further problems-such as the impact of coronavirus on China's society and economy, which has been felt around the globe. Zeroing in on the sociopolitical and environmental factors that drive our most controversial and pressing global health concerns, Hotez proposes historically proven methods to soothe fraught international relations while preparing us for a safer, healthier future. He hammers home the importance of public engagement to communicate the urgency of embracing science during troubled times. Touching on a range of disease, from leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) to COVID-19, Preventing the Next Pandemic has always been a timely goal, but it will be even more important in a COVID and post-COVID world.

* This Revision Workbook delivers hassle-free question practice, covering one topic per page and avoiding lengthy set up time. * Build your confidence with guided practice questions, before moving onto unguided questions and practice tests. * With one-to-one page correspondence between the Workbook and the Revision Guide, this hugely popular Revision series offers the best value available for BTEC learners. * Covers both externally assessed Units for 2012 BTEC First in Health and Social Care (Units 1 and 9).

People with brain disorders often need substantial amounts of care and the need for this care within the general population is growing year on year. This handbook aims to help families and frontline staff provide better care for people who have neurological difficulties by providing knowledge to help in the understanding of brain injuries and disorders. This comprehensive handbook looks at the various parts and functions of the brain offering a basic functional neuro-anatomy as well as information on the different aspects of cognition in 'normal' brain functioning, such as attention, memory and executive abilities. It is designed to create an awareness of what can go wrong and provides an outline of the different common neurological disorders and their possible cognitive, emotional and behavioural manifestations. The 13 chapters written by various professionals guide the carer in understanding the different professional steps taken in caring for someone with a neurological disorder, these include assessments that professionals may undertake and the limitations of such interventions. The handbook also considers the following: * the various parts and functions of the brain * understanding the brain and the thinking process (cognitive process) * emotions, feelings and behaviours, and how they are related * problems with fatigue and sleep * common disorders and what can go wrong with the brain * treatment and assessment procedures offered by professionals * approaches to recovery and rehabilitation * applying neurological ideas to mental health problems * applying neurological ideas to learning disabilities. Vital information for: psychologists, neuro-psychiatrists, NHS care staff, mental health trusts, supported housing, students and trainees of health and social professions, carers, friends and families of people with brain disorders.

Antioxidants Effects in Health: The Bright and the Dark Side examines the role that antioxidants play in a variety of health and disease situations. The book discusses antioxidants' historical evolution, their oxidative stress, and contains a detailed approach of 1) endogenous antioxidants, including endogenous sources, mechanisms of action, beneficial and detrimental effects on health, in vitro evidence, animal studies and clinical studies; 2) synthetic antioxidants, including sources, chemistry, bioavailability, legal status, mechanisms of action, beneficial and detrimental effects on health, in vitro evidence, animal studies and clinical studies; and 3) natural antioxidants, including sources, chemistry, bioavailability, mechanisms of action, possible prooxidant activity; beneficial and detrimental effects on health, in vitro evidence, animal studies and clinical studies. Throughout the boo, the relationship of antioxidants with different beneficial and detrimental effects are examined, and the current controversies and future perspectives are addressed and explored. Antioxidants Effects in Health: The Bright and the Dark Side evaluates the current scientific evidence on antioxidant topics, focusing on endogenous antioxidants, naturally occurring antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants. It will be a helpful resource for pharmaceutical scientists, health professionals, those studying natural chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacognosy, natural product synthesis, and experts in formulation of herbal and natural pharmaceuticals.

* PRE-ORDER YOUR COPY TODAY * The compelling and moving memoir of forensic psychiatrist Dr Duncan Harding

Routine denial and the downplaying of harm should have no place in medicine but it is an institutional attitude and policy in the UK. The Department of Health and the MHRA play politics with people's lives. There is no doubt that the defence and underestimation of past harm, allows the continuation of a system which will produce more avoidable injury in the future. The author campaigns for drug safety and a change in the system where no one is held accountable and the victims are left to fend for themselves.

Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) is a generic term for all methods that help people making decisions according to their preferences, in situations where there is more than one conflicting criterion. It is a branch of operational research dealing with finding optimal results in complex scenarios including various indicators, conflicting objectives and criteria. The approach of MCDM involves decision making concerning quantitative and qualitative factors. The importance and success of MCDM are due to the fact that they have successfully dealt with different types of problematics for supporting decision makers such as choice, ranking and sorting, description. Even though, each of the different problematics in MCDM is important, Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Sorting Methods will focus on sorting approaches across a wide range of interesting techniques and research disciplines. The applications which have been and can be solved by these techniques are more and more important in current real-world decision-making problems. Therefore, the book provides a clear overview of MCDM sorting methods and the different tools which can be used to solve real-world problems by revising such tools and characterizing them according to their performance and suitability for different types of problems. The book is aimed at a broad audience including computer scientists, engineers, geography and GIS experts, business and financial management experts, environment experts, and all those professional people interested in MCDM and its applications. The book may also be useful for teaching MCDM courses in fields such as industrial management, computer science, and applied mathematics, as new developments in multi-criteria decision making.

Ground-breaking, evidence-based book asks how many lives were lost because of Chinas negligence about lab-leaked SARS-CoV-2. In a disturbing reconstruction of events by two of the most reputable scientists in the world, a new book reveals for the first time how Chinese authorities and elite Wuhan scientists knew about SARS-CoV-2s menacing biological features from the start but remain silent to this day. In The Origin of the Virus (Clinical Press) Dr Steven Quay and Prof Angus Dalgleish, working with Italian reporter Paolo Barnard, show how China engaged in lies, omissions and obfuscations to cover up the laboratory origin of the virus. Had they immediately alerted the international community and policymakers of the extremely pathogenic molecular machinery present in SARS-CoV-2's genome, very large numbers of lives may have been spared, argue Quay, Dalgleish and Barnard. The authors provide a shocking account of the extreme experiments that led to the outbreak of the worst pandemic since the 1918 Spanish influenza. They broaden the censure to explain why some American and British scientists thwarted a proper investigation of the origin of COVID-19. Despite its impeccable scientific grounding the book is both a readable and gripping account that, for the first time, allows the public to partake in what lies at the heart of the many scandals surrounding the birth of the most deadly virus in modern times.

The Paleo diet isn't a fad or another weight loss gimmick. It's the way humans were meant to eat. The Paleo Cookbook is a comprehensive collection of recipes from across the globe. Whether you're looking for Paleo-friendly breakfasts, dinners, desserts, or international favorites, you'll find dishes for every taste. The Paleo Cookbook is your guide to a new, healthier way of eating: Enjoy 300 easy recipes for every meal plan including side dishes, snacks, and beverages. Find a wide variety of choices for both meat-eaters and vegetarians. Experience international Paleo dishes such as Curried Shrimp, Chicken Cacciatore, Beef Stir-Fry, and Caveman Fajitas. Make the move to gluten-free eating by using the freshest meats, produce, and spices. Learn helpful tips for cooking with Paleo-friendly ingredients. Transitioning to the Paleo lifestyle is the natural way to increased vitality, weight loss, and overall better health. With The Paleo Cookbook, you'll discover just how easy, delicious, and nutritious the Paleo diet can be.

Advances in Virus Research, Volume 115, the latest release in this comprehensive serial that highlights new advances in the field, includes updates on a variety of timely topics, including Plant viral nanotools, Mycoviruses, Rift Valley Fever virus entry and infection, and more.

* The one topic-per-page format provides hassle-free revision for learners with no lengthy set-up time and no complex revision concepts. * Written with learners in mind - in an informal voice that talks directly to them. * Visually engaging pages break the content down into easily-digestible points, with revision activities and worked examples that prepare learners for the test. * Designed to be used alongside the BTEC First Health and Social Care Revision Workbook with one-to-one page correspondence to make it easy to use the books together. * Covers both externally assessed Units for BTEC First in Health and Social Care (Units 1 and 9).