The collapse of the Soviet Union has seen the emergence of its unprecedentedly comprehensive global secret military mapping project and the commercial availability of a vast number of detailed topographic maps and city plans at several scales. This thesis provides an in-depth examination of the series of over 2,000 large-scale city plans produced in secret by the Military Topographic Directorate ( ) of the General Staff between the end of the Second World War and the collapse of the USSR in 1991. After positioning the series in its historical context, the nature and content of the plans are examined in detail. A poststructuralist perspective introduces possibilities to utilise and apply the maps in new contexts, which this thesis facilitates by providing a systematic, empirical analysis of the Soviet map symbology at 1:10,000 and 1:25,000, using new translations of production manuals and a sample of the city plans. A comparative analysis with the current OpenStreetMap symbology indicates scope for Soviet mapping to be used as a valuable supplementary topographic resource in a variety of existing and future global mapping initiatives, including humanitarian crisis mapping. This leads to a conclusion that the relevance and value of Soviet military maps endure in modern applications, both as a source of data and as a means of overcoming contemporary cartographic challenges relating to symbology, design and the handling of large datasets.

Originally published in 1965 and with a second edition in 1970. Building upon the original two Madingley Hall seminars for teachers of non-university geography in 1965, this book presents an updated research picture of the 1970 transatlantic perspective. Answering the questions "What is happening in geography" and "What impact does this have on school geography", this provided a real link for students who were then making the increasingly difficult transition from school to university geography. Originally receiving a hostile reaction from British journals, the book's diagnosis and prognosis were a forerunner of developments in methodological changes of the discipline. This work collects a series of essays delineating geographic concepts in terms of the philosophic underpinnings, assessment of the geomorphic system, climatology, and social economic and historical changing trends. Techniques are reviewed including quantitative methods for geomorphology and social geography, fieldwork both in urban areas and land-use surveys, and finally in physical planning. Final analyses examine and contrast the teaching methods and courses in American and British High Schools, Colleges and Universities.

This book identifies a distinctive kind of urban neighborhood that is on the rise throughout the USA, the dense, walkable, mixed-use bourgeois-bohemian suburb or the "boburb." It looks at case studies of areas to live in Louisville, Kentucky. Based on scores of interviews with college graduates, backed by survey data and Census figures, it provides a clear, historical account of how these spaces arose. Chapters depict, analyze, and compare the Highlands neighborhood with other Louisville boburbs, contrasting them with the ephemeral bohemian quarters and the many suburban subdivisions. The Highlands are also compared with five other boburbs around the USA. Attention is given to the influence of transportation systems in shaping residential, community, and commercial spaces. Deeper cultural reasons for choosing the boburbs or the suburbs are also explored, including the political "big sort" between liberal and conservative places, and Bourdieu's account of how the distinction between economic and cultural capital shapes how people choose to live where they live. This book will appeal to those interested in the evolution and distinctions among urban neighborhoods. It is ideal for academics and students within urban geography, urban gentrification, cities, and population.

This guide will help you to survive and thrive during your degree and on into the workplace. Everything you do at university can be useful in your career. Packed with practical hints, study tips, short cuts, real-life examples and careers advice, the new expanded fourth edition of this book is an invaluable resource throughout your geography, earth science or environmental science studies. This book provides guidance for successful study on many topics including: Starting as a student Being an effective researcher Presenting information effectively in posters, presentations, essays and reports Time management, well-being and ethics Field and laboratory work Assessment and feedback Written in an accessible style, this guide also explains the role of the academic, and how it differs from that of a school teacher. It prepares you for the world of work by showing how the skills you learn at university today can be used in your career choice of tomorrow.

Rhythms permeate our everyday lives: they animate our bodies, and structure our experience of day and night and the seasons, time patterns of work and leisure, and the temporal organisation of mundane routine activities. Rhythms are also intrinsically about flows of energy - heat, light, motion - that run through the world, from the smallest movements of muscles, to the petrol fuelled patterns of the rush hour, the spinning of wind turbines and shifting cycles of solar radiation. Energy and Rhythm in Society sets out to energise the rhythm in Lefebvre's 'Rhythmanalysis' in order to develop a novel and far reaching polyrhythmic theorisation and exemplification of our collective living with energy in its many natural and technological forms and flows. Through so doing, it also provides a distinctive understanding of the urgent challenges and possibilities of transforming future energy systems and energy uses into more just and lower carbon configurations.

This book invites readers to critically rethink the interrelations between geography and the law. Traditionally, legal-geographical interrelations have been dominated by scholars with backgrounds in geopolitics, economics, or geography. More recently, a new interdisciplinary approach has been developed with the aim of offering a fresh perspective on how law and geography intersect. There has been a steady growth in cross-disciplinary research in this field; how legal-geographical taxonomies interrelate has attracted attention from scholars and academics with a diverse range of backgrounds - namely, law, anthropology, and human/physical geography -, thus giving rise to several publications. Against this backdrop, the book adopts a legal comparative perspective and assesses 'normative spatialities', which are the outcomes of processes of legal-spatial production. In addition, the comparative analysis offers readers new insights on some traditional geographic features which are essential to legal studies (territorial identity, regional demarcation, territorial alternation, and place-name policy). Examples are drawn from several jurisdictions (both from the Global North and the Global South) and partly employ a diachronic perspective. As its subversive character is ideally suited to revealing policies and agendas, comparative law is used to identify the ethnocentric and colonial biases underpinning the use (and misuse) of legal geographic devices by policymakers and academics. In sum, the book presents legal geography as an interdisciplinary undertaking in which geographers and legal scholars can jointly examine common concepts in the historical, cultural, political and social contexts in which law is practised. The book transcends the boundaries between disciplines to engage in a fruitful dialogue on how the law can help to address the current socio-geographic and ecological crises.

Diverse Pedagogies of Place presents eight original place-responsive pedagogies that address a question of paramount importance in today's world: how do we educate the next generation of students to confront the challenges of global climate change and the on-going degradation of natural environments? Each place-responsive pedagogy is a result of innovative environmental educators' long-term engagement with particular places, and demonstrates that personal connectedness is crucial to effective environmental education. Professional learning and teacher collaboration is an important theme throughout the book, and the editors discuss how teachers could adapt the learning activities and teaching strategies found in the book in order to create their own place-responsive pedagogies. Each case study provides a rich account of how students can learn to be attentive and draws upon a common analytical framework derived from recent theorisation of place that highlights the centrality of stories-in-place, embodiment, and contestation. The authors present detailed and persuasive evidence that place-responsive pedagogies enable students to construct their own identities, as well as develop commitments and a deeper knowledge of the environments that surround them. A work of international relevance, Diverse Pedagogies of Place will appeal to academics, researchers and postgraduate students in the fields of environmental education and sustainability, place-based education, outdoor learning, professional learning and teacher development, as well as policymakers and environmental educators.

For whom and why are borders drawn? What are the symbolic projections of these physical realities? And what are the symbolic projections of these physical realities? Constituted by experience and memory, borders shape a "border image" in the minds and social memory of people beyond the lines of the state. In the case of the Turkey-Georgia border, the image of the border has often been constructed as an economic reality that creates "conditional permeabilities" rather than political emphases. This book puts forward the argument that participation in this economic life reshapes the relationship between the ethnic groups who live in the borderland as well as gender relations. By drawing on detailed ethnographic research at the Turkey-Georgia border, life at the border is explored in terms of family relations, work life, and intra- and inter-ethnic group relations. Using an intersectional approach, the book charts the perceptions and representations of how different ethnic and gendered groups experience interactions among themselves, with each other, and with the changing economic context. This book offers a rich, empirically based account of the intersectional and multidimensional forms of economic activity in border regions. It will be of interest to students, researchers, and policy makers alike working in geography, economics, ethnic studies, gender studies, international relations, and political studies.

In this volume tourism experts collectively discuss and debate some intriguing questions that the tourism industry poses, such as the relevance of mass tourism, the dilemma of authenticity, whether small tourism is beautiful, whether volunteer tourism is benign, whether tourism contributes to climate change, as well as many others. The book brings together the expertise of 35 renowned international scholars of tourism to examine these perplexing issues. Multidisciplinary in its content, it touches upon anthropology, sociology, geography, climatology, biosciences, and planning and development aspects of tourism. The book provides a dialogue for an academic discussion which challenges research conservatism and stereotypes in tourism studies. It will encourage scholars to test the consistency of critical notions whose heuristic value is often taken for granted. The book will benefit graduates, research scholars and those involved in organizing the industry sustainably.

Written by expert teachers, X-kit Achieve Study Guides are a reliable resource for learning and revising, preparing learners for tests and exams. The content is organised into units according to CAPS, and clear, step-by-step explanations help learners understand concepts. Worked examples, summary tables, highlighted keywords and definitions, and annotated diagrams enhance learners’ understanding. Learners can practice, assess and improve their skills with graded exercises and answers.

Spatial information users and providers are increasingly concerned about the legal implications relating to the use and dissemination of geographic information for which there are no right or wrong methods of practice, and no one source of information. This book fills the gap by addressing key issues in contract law, intellectual property law, rights and responsabilities and liability as they relate to the GI community. * The first book to interpret the law relating to GI Science and outline its implications to a general readership * Provides a comprehensive discourse in law and GI Science irrespective of jurisdiction * Offers a global perspective throughout with case materials coming from the UK, North America, the EU and Australasia

A comprehensive introduction to the important economic, social and political processes and development issues in this increasingly popular area of study. Employing a groundbreaking thematic approach the book centres its discussion on the interrelation between contemporary development theories and continuing transition issues in this huge and complex region.

An annual collection of studies of individuals who have made major contributions to the development of geography and geographical thought. Subjects are drawn from all periods and from all parts of the world, and include famous names as well as those less well known: explorers, independent thinkers and scholars. Each paper describes the geographer's education, life and work and discusses their influence and spread of academic ideas. Each study includes a select bibliography and brief chronology. The work includes a general index and a cumulative index of geographers listed in volumes published to date. Geographers covered in this volume are: Thomas Baines, George Brown Barbour, Lucien Febvre, Sir Cyril Fox, Augustus Charles Gregory, Francis Thomas Gregory, John Walter Gregory, Cotton Mather, Borivoje Milojevc, Mungo Park, Jos Salazar Ilarregui, Chandra Pal Singh, William Smith, and Giuseppe Dalla Vedova.

New Regionalism, promoted as a new paradigm of development by the OECD, suggests that globalization is bringing together new technologies, management, employees and communities to form new patterns of local governance. However, despite the growing influence of New Regionalism in regional development policy in the West, and increasingly in Australia, there has been little debate about the relevance and application of these ideas in Australia. Bringing together contributions from academics, practitioners and policy makers, this book redresses this imbalance by examining the theoretical and empirical foundations of this powerful and growing school of thought, locating the debate firmly in the Australian context. With an opening chapter by Kevin Morgan (Cardiff University), who has been at the heart of the New Regionalism debate, the book provides important insights into the theory and practice of New Regionalism in this vibrant region.

Bringing together scholars from the areas of tourism, leisure and cultural studies, eco-humanities and tourism management, this book examines the emerging phenomenon of slow tourism. The book explores the range of travel experiences that are part of growing consumer concerns with quality leisure time, environmental and cultural sustainability, as well as the embodied experience of place. Slow tourism encapsulates a range of lifestyle practices, mobilities and ethics that are connected to social movements such as slow food and cities, as well as specialist sectors such as ecotourism and voluntourism. The slow experience of temporality can evoke and incite different ways of being and moving, as well as different logics of desire that value travel experiences as forms of knowledge. Slow travel practices reflect a range of ethical-political positions that have yet to be critically explored in the academic literature despite the growth of industry discourse.

Questions about the role and influence of think tanks in matters of foreign policy and geopolitics are both timely and important. The reconfiguration of global power, explosion of social media, shifts away from traditional print and oral-based ways of imparting knowledge, and the dramatic increase in the volume of information and ideas clamoring for the attention of policy-makers are changing the landscape of foreign policy-making and the pathways through which influence is achieved. This book explains the impact of think tanks on the framing of domestic and international conversations on matters of foreign policy and geopolitics. An international group of prominent experts examine these issues in specific countries and also across national and regional borders to better understand how governments and actors in civil society are influenced by the activities of think tanks.

Urban sustainability has become a political and social agenda of global significance, of which real estate is an integral dimension. Sustainable urban development includes much more than 'green building' standards, yet in practice, other aspects such land use plans and locations are often overlooked. This book demonstrates that the issue of sustainable development stretches far beyond the hitherto dominating agenda based on 'green' (i.e. environmentally and ecologically sustainable) buildings. In doing so, it presents a novel framework based on the concept of economic sustainability of real estate locations, drawing connections with the global financial crisis and housing price bubble discourse. It argues for the need to better integrate social, cultural and economic dimensions into the real estate sustainability agenda. It also explores the role of location, and especially the image aspect therein. Trends in consumer choice are important to the way these dimensions are appreciated in decisions about investment, development, valuation and other activities of the production, consumption and governance of the built environment. This book will be of interest to private and public sector practitioners of real estate valuation as well as scholars of urban studies, geography, economics, urban planning and environmental studies.

Given the different geographical and human contexts in which climate change impacts will be experienced, thinking by analogy provides one useful way to explore dimensions of such change. This landmark book, based on the human dimensions of global change paradigm, examines climate impacts through the study of a contemporary society's response to a drought period analogous to expected future climate. Bulgaria suffered severe drought from 1982 to 1994, conditions which models suggest better reflects future climate than existing norms. The Center for Integrated Regional Assessment at Penn State and the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences collaborated to research this drought period as an analogy for future climate. This book shows their assessment of what can be learned from the impacts of and responses to contemporary drought in Bulgaria. It therefore makes an important contribution to the literature on regional climate change and methods used to address anticipated impacts of that change.

1 Einleitung.- 1.1 Wetter: Faszination und Gefahr.- 1.2 Kann man das Wetter leicht verstehen?.- 1.3 Unwetter.- 1.4 Nehmen die atmospharischen Gefahren zu?.- 2 Einige Grundlagen aus der Meteorologie.- 2.1 Die Zusammensetzung der Luft.- 2.2 Atmospharische Bewegungssysteme.- 2.3 Der Luftdruck.- 2.4 Der Wind und seine Auswirkungen.- 2.5 Krafte, die die horizontale Windgeschwindigkeit bestimmen.- 2.5.1 Druckgradientkraft und Corioliskraft.- 2.5.2 Der geostrophische Wind.- 2.5.3 Der Gradientwind.- 2.5.4 Der Einfluss der Reibung.- 2.5.5 Systeme, bei denen die Corioliskraft nur eine kleine Rolle spielt.- 2.5.6 Windprofile in der Atmospharischen Grenzschicht.- 2.6 Temperaturanderung mit der Hoehe.- 2.6.1 Die mittlere Temperaturschichtung.- 2.6.2 Die Temperaturanderung eines trocken auf-oder absteigenden Luftteilchens.- 2.6.3 Die Temperaturanderung eines mit Wasserdampf gesattigten auf-oder absteigenden Luftteilchens.- 2.6.4 Inversionen.- 2.7 Stabilitat der Atmosphare.- 2.8 AEnderung der Temperatur in der Horizontalen.- 2.8.1 Warme und kalte Luftsaulen nebeneinander.- 2.8.2 Allmahlicher UEbergang.- 2.8.3 Fronten.- 2.9 Wolkenteilchen, Niederschlagsteilchen und Niederschlag.- 3 Die Allgemeine Zirkulation der Atmosphare.- 4 Lokale Sturme (Gewitter).- 4.1 Entstehung der Lokalen Sturme (Gewitter).- 4.1.1 Entwicklung von Cumulus-Wolken.- 4.1.2 Single-cell Storms.- 4.1.3 Multi-cell Storms.- 4.1.4 Supercell Storms.- 4.1.5 Tornados.- 4.1.6 Mesoskalige Konvektive Komplexe.- 4.2 Gefahren und Schaden durch Lokale Sturme.- 4.2.1 Downbursts und Sturm.- 4.2.2 Hagel.- 4.2.3 Starkregen und UEberflutungen.- 4.2.4 Blitzschlag.- 4.2.5 Tornados.- 5 Tropische Zyklonen.- 5.1 Das Phanomen.- 5.2 Entstehung.- 5.3 Gefahren und Schaden durch Tropische Zyklonen.- 6 Mittelbreitenzyklonen.- 6.1 Entstehung.- 6.2 Struktur.- 6.3 Zentral-, Rand-und Mesozyklonen.- 6.4 Gefahren und Schaden durch Mittelbreitenzyklonen.- 6.4.1 Sturme.- 6.4.2 Hochwasser, UEberflutungen.- 6.4.3 Blizzards.- 6.4.4 Frontgewitter, grosse Schneefalle, Rauhfrost und Rauheis.- 7 Risiken bei "friedlichem" Wetter.- 7.1 Schwule.- 7.2 Grosse Hitze und grosse Kalte.- 7.3 Nebel.- 7.4 Glatte.- 7.5 Luftverunreinigungen, Smog.- Anhang A: Der Atmosphare innewohnende Energien.- A.1 Definitionen, Einheiten und Umrechnungen.- A.2 Leistung.- A.3 Energie.- A.4 Energieflussdichten.- A.5 In der Atmosphare enthaltene Energien (grobe Abschatzungen).- Anhang B: Unterschiedliche Angabe von Windstarken.- Anhang C: Hochwasserschaden weltweit von 1993 bis 2002.- Anhang D: "Wetterversicherungen".- Sachwortverzeichnis.

Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning 5 is a selection of some of the best scholarship in urban and regional planning from around the world. The internationally recognized authors of these award-winning papers take up a range of salient issues from the theory and practice of planning. The topics they address include the effects of globalization on world cities, metropolitan planning in France and Australia, and new research in pedestrian and traffic design. The breadth of the topics covered in this book will appeal to all those with an interest in urban and regional planning, providing a springboard for further debate and research. The papers focus particularly on themes of inclusion, urban transformation, metropolitan planning, and urban design. The Dialogues in Urban and Regional Planning (DURP) book series is published in association with the Global Planning Education Association Network (GPEAN) and its member national and transnational planning schools associations.

Cities are where the majority of people in the world live. As such, it is critically important to understand cities when seeking to address quality-of-life issues. While the concentration of people in cities presents many complex issues that warrant attention, the focus of this book is on urban communication and human interaction as regulated by municipal governments. Thirteen scholars-whose backgrounds range from community organizing, to law, telecommunication, architecture, city planning, art, policy studies, and urban communication-examine public communication venues and opportunities, all of which are impacted by municipal regulation. Whether it is the selective funding of public art, the establishment of architectural standards for public buildings, the regulation of signage, public assembly, food trucks, or telecommunication access, the authors in Urban Communication Regulation: Communication Freedoms and Limits contend that urban policy and regulation shape communication in cities. Through zoning, funding, "private law," and a host of other means, the regulation of communication has significant impacts on the quality of life for those who live in cities. The essays in this volume focus on many of these impacts, and suggest both why and how municipal regulation can improve the quality of urban communication.

Gold remains a highly prized and impactful resource within the global economy. From the insatiable demand for gold in the electronics that permeate our day-to-day lives to the environmental desolation driven by gold mining in the Amazon, the gold trade continues to touch the lives and livelihoods of people across the world. Bloomfield and Maconachie tell the intriguing story of the yellow metal, tracing the seismic shifts in the industry over the past few decades. They show how huge purchases of gold reserves by BRICS countries mark the shifting balance of power away from the West, and how rising affluence in India and China has led to a surging demand for gold jewellery, calling into question current approaches to make supply chains more responsible. Explaining why gold is so difficult to regulate and why it is only becoming more so, the authors suggest ways we could, collectively, make practices work better for the countless workers and communities who suffer at the producer end of the supply chain. Linking local to global, producer to consumer, and gold's extraction from the Earth to the financial centres that fuel it, this book offers a probing analysis that reveals who wins and who loses and what this means for the future of gold.

Encountering the City provides a new and sustained engagement with the concept of encounter. Drawing on cutting-edge theoretical work, classic writings on the city and rich empirical examples, this volume demonstrates why encounters are significant to urban studies, politically, philosophically and analytically. Bringing together a range of interests, from urban multiculture, systems of economic regulation, security and suspicion, to more-than-human geographies, soundscapes and spiritual experience, Encountering the City argues for a more nuanced understanding of how the concept of 'encounter' is used. This interdisciplinary collection thus provides an insight into how scholars' writing on and in the city mobilise, theorise and challenge the concept of encounter through empirical cases taken from Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America and South America. These cases go beyond conventional accounts of urban conviviality, to demonstrate how encounters destabilise, rework and produce difference, fold together complex temporalities, materialise power and transform political relations. In doing so, the collection retains a critical eye on the forms of regulation, containment and inequality that shape the taking place of urban encounter. Encountering the City is a valuable resource for students and researchers alike.

"Publics and the City" investigates struggles over the making of urban publics, considering how the production, management and regulation of 'public spaces' has emerged as a problem for both urban politics and urban theory.
Advances a new framework for considering the diverse spatialities of publicness in relation to the city
Argues that a city's contribution to the making of publics goes beyond the provision of places for public gathering
Examines a series of detailed case studies
Looks at the relationship between urbanism, public spheres, and democracy