Examining the role and impact of technology on creative practice, and how technology evolution determines the forms and format of an artist's work, this book contextualizes technological revolutions with earlier encounters between craft and innovation, endorsing a notion of craft practice within computing that needs rescuing from tech industries.

This book describes useful analytical methods by applying them to real-world problems rather than solving the usual over-simplified classroom problems. The book demonstrates the applicability of analytical methods even for complex problems and guides the reader to a more intuitive understanding of approaches and solutions. Although the solution of Partial Differential Equations by numerical methods is the standard practice in industries, analytical methods are still important for the critical assessment of results derived from advanced computer simulations and the improvement of the underlying numerical techniques. Literature devoted to analytical methods, however, often focuses on theoretical and mathematical aspects and is therefore useless to most engineers. Analytical Methods for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Problems addresses engineers and engineering students. The second edition has been updated, the chapters on non-linear problems and on axial heat conduction problems were extended. And worked out examples were included.

The New Shop Class connects the worlds of the maker and hacker with that of the scientist and engineer. If you are a parent or educator or a budding maker yourself, and you feel overwhelmed with all of the possible technologies, this book will get you started with clear discussions of what open source technologies like 3D printers, Arduinos, robots and wearable tech can really do in the right hands. Written by real "rocket scientist" Joan Horvath, author of Mastering 3D Printing, and 3D printing expert Rich Cameron (AKA whosawhatsis), The New Shop Class is a friendly, down-to-earth chat about how hands-on making things can lead to a science career. Get practical suggestions about how to use technologies like 3D printing, Arduino, and simple electronics Learn how to stay a step ahead of the young makers in your life and how to encourage them in maker activities Discover how engineers and scientists got their start, and how their mindsets mirror that of the maker

This volume contains a selection of papers on new technologies, networks and governance structures presented at the Rothenberge Seminar 2007, a joint venture of the School of Management and Governance of the University of Twente, the Institute of Public Economics of the Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster and the Faculty of Economics and Business of the University of Groningen. Each paper explores a specific aspect of newly emerging technologies. The contributions range from a discussion of new conceptualizations of procuring knowledge to problems generated by targeted governmental policies including weapons production, strategies in adopting new technologies, regulation in environmental issues, the origin of rail transport in the Prussian Rhine Province, and a discussion of the work of the American-Canadian urban theorist Jane Jacobs.

The philosophy of technology has been dominated by metaphysical analyses of the "essence" of technology and by moral/critical reflections on the consequences of technology for individual and social forms of life. To develop a more internally oriented philosophy of technology, the authors in this volume believe that an empirical turn is necessary, similar to the turn witnessed in the philosophy of science. In this volume, authors explore the various ways in which empirical data can be used in ontological, epistemological, ethical or more general discussions in the philosophy of technology. All the chapters in the volume therefore contribute to an empirical turn in the philosophy of technology.

This edited book discusses the exciting field of Digital Creativity. Through exploring the current state of the creative industries, the authors show how technologies are reshaping our creative processes and how they are affecting the innovative creation of new products. Readers will discover how creative production processes are dominated by digital data transmission which makes the connection between people, ideas and creative processes easy to achieve within collaborative and co-creative environments. Since we rely on our senses to understand our world, perhaps of more significance is that technologies through 3D printing are returning from the digital to the physical world. Written by an interdisciplinary group of researchers this thought provoking book will appeal to academics and students from a wide range of backgrounds working or interested in the technologies that are shaping our experiences of the future.

This text documents the various ways in which knowledge and technology transfer happen in practice. In reporting on the travel of thoughts and things, the authors in the volume undermine commonly held ideas about technology transfer. Their story shows how the process of transfer transforms and reshapes the object that travels. More importantly, they show how the travel of knowledge and technology results in new socio-technical arrangements, as well as in new socio-technical objects. These stories also relate how the authors themselves take part in achieving such processes of transfer and transformation. As anthropologists, consultants, and science studies researchers they do not stand outside the transfers that they describe. The volume is, therefore, a commentary not only on the practice of knowledge and technology transfer, but also on the practice of observation and intervention.

The nature of distributed computation in complex systems has often been described in terms of memory, communication and processing. This thesis presents a complete information-theoretic framework to quantify these operations on information (i.e. information storage, transfer and modification), and in particular their dynamics in space and time. The framework is applied to cellular automata, and delivers important insights into the fundamental nature of distributed computation and the dynamics of complex systems (e.g. that gliders are dominant information transfer agents). Applications to several important network models, including random Boolean networks, suggest that the capability for information storage and coherent transfer are maximised near the critical regime in certain order-chaos phase transitions. Further applications to study and design information structure in the contexts of computational neuroscience and guided self-organisation underline the practical utility of the techniques presented here.

This book offers insights on effective policies that can be applied to other economies in terms of using technology financing to foster technological innovations. It outlines the role of government in accelerating the nation's innovative capacity by promoting technology investments that will achieve successful and sustainable economic development.

Leading-edge research groups in the field of scientific computing present their outstanding projects using the High Performance Computer in Bavaria (HLRB), Hitachi SR8000-F1, one of the top-level supercomputers for academic research in Germany. The projects address modelling and simulation in the disciplines Biosciences, Chemistry, Chemical Physics, Solid-State Physics, High-Energy Physics, Astrophysics, Geophysics, Computational Fluid Dynamics, and Computer Science. The authors describe their scientific background, their resource requirements with respect to top-level supercomputers, and their methods for efficient utilization of the costly high-performance computing power. Contributions of interdisciplinary research projects that have been supported by the Competence Network for Scientific High Performance Computing in Bavaria (KONWIHR) complete the broad range of supercomputer research and applications covered by this volume.

At the end of the year 2008, we have seen a strategic step towards a funct- ning HPC infrastructure on Tier-0 level in Germany. Based on an agreement ( Verwaltungsabkommen") between the Federal Ministry of Education and " Research (BMBF) and the state ministries for research of Baden-Wurttem- .. berg, Bayern, and Nordrhein-Westfalen, a budget of overall 400 Million Euro had been allocated - equally shared between federal and state authorities in a ?ve year time frame - to establish the next generation of HPC systems at the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) - consisting of the three nat- nal supercomputing centres HLRS (Stuttgart), NIC/JSC (Julich), and LRZ .. (Munich). As part of that strategic initiative, in May 2009 already NIC/JSC has installed the ?rst phase of the GCS HPC Tier-0 resources, an IBM Blue Gene/P with roughly 300. 000 Cores, this time in Julic .. h, With that, the GCS provides the most powerfulhigh-performance computing infrastructure in - rope already today. HLRS and its partners in the GCS have agreed on a common strategy for the installation of the next generation of leading edge HPC systems. Over the next few years, HLRS and LRZ as the other two GCS centers will upgrade their systems accordingly. The plan is to have a Tier-0 HPC system within GCS operating at any time in this ?ve year period. Asanintermediatestep,HLRShasreplacedmostoftheirNECSX-8nodes by the NEC SX-9/12M192, a system with roughly 20 TFLOPs peak.

This book presents an attempt to understand the nature of technical artefacts and the way they come into being. Its primary focus is the kind of technical artefacts designed and produced by modern engineering. In spite of their pervasive influence on human thinking and doing, and therefore on the modern human condition, a philosophical analysis of technical artefacts and engineering design is lacking. Among the questions addressed are: How do technical artefacts fit into the furniture of the universe? In what sense are they different from objects from the natural world, or from the social world? What kind of activity is engineering design and what does it mean to say that technical artefacts are the embodiment of a design? Does it make sense to consider technical artefacts to be morally good or bad by themselves because of the way they influence human life? The book advances the thesis that technical artefacts, conceived of as physical constructions with a technical function, have a dual nature; they are hybrid objects combining physical and intentional features. It proposes a theory of technical functions and technical artefact kinds that does justice to this dual nature, analyses engineering design from the dual nature point of view, and argues that technical artefacts, because of their dual nature, have inherent moral significance.

This book offers a concise introduction to mathematical inequalities for graduate students and researchers in the fields of engineering and applied mathematics. It begins by reviewing essential facts from algebra and calculus and proceeds with a presentation of the central inequalities of applied analysis, illustrating a wide variety of practical applications. The text provides a gentle introduction to abstract spaces, such as metric, normed and inner product spaces. It also provides full coverage of the central inequalities of applied analysis, such as Young's inequality, the inequality of the means, Hölder's inequality, Minkowski's inequality, the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, Chebyshev's inequality, Jensen's inequality and the triangle inequality. The second edition features extended coverage of applications, including continuum mechanics and interval analysis. It also includes many additional examples and exercises with hints and full solutions that may appeal to upper-level undergraduate and graduate students, as well as researchers in engineering, mathematics, physics, chemistry or any other quantitative science.

The publication in 1832 of "An Essay on Calcareous Manures" initiated an era of agricultural reform in the ante-bellum South. By 1850 Edmund Ruffin, seconded by John Taylor of Carolina, had effected a transformation of the economy of the upper South from poverty to agricultural prosperity. The essay's importance is not only regional, for in its four editions it presented Ruffin's theories to farmers who were facing the same problems of soil exhaustion in other parts of America. This small book, with its uncompromisingly descriptive title, is a landmark in the history of soil chemistry in the United States.

Ruffin read widely in the literature, mainly European, of agricultural chemistry, and in the 1820's he experimented with ways to make planting pay on his own tidewater Virginia lands. On the basis of his own research and frustrating experience as a farmer, he maintained that the capacity, of soil for enrichment by plant and animal manure is only relative to the original fertility of the soil. In other words, organic manures can only restore earth to what it was prior to cultivation. If land originally lacked the mineral ingredients essential to fertility, it would yield sparingly as long as the minerals were absent.

Ruffin found that uncultivated land in his part of Virginia lacked calcium carbonate, and that most of this same poor soil contained vegetable acid, the cause of its sterility. His solution was to plow in calcareous manure that is, earth containing calcium carbonate thus neutralizing the acid. When Ruffin first had his slaves dig up marl from one of the beds of fossilized shells that underlie much of coastal Virginia, and directed them to apply it to a test patch of his land, which was then planted with corn, he increased his yield by 40 per cent. This amazingly successful experiment led to others, and became what a contemporary of Ruffin called "the first systematic attempt wherein a plain, practical, unpretending farmer...has undertaken to examine into the real composition of the soils which he possesses and has to cultivate."

Prof. Dr. Egon Krause Aerodynamisches Institut RWTH Aachen Wullnerstr. zw. 5 u. 7, D-52062 Aachen Jager Prof. Dr. Willi Interdiszipliniires Zentrum fur Wissenschaftliches Rechnen Universitiit Heidelberg 1m Neuenheimer Feld 368, D-69120 Heidelberg The Fifth Results and Review Workshop on High Performance Computing in Science and Engineering was held at the High Performance Computing Center Stuttgart (HLRS) September 30th - October 1st, 2002. 40 projects processed at the HLRS and at the Scientific Supercomputing Center Karl- sruhe (SSC) were selected for presentation at the workshop and, after an internal review, prepared for publication in this fifth volume of the trans- actions of the HLRS. The results reported were obtained during the time after the last workshop in October 2001. The projects were initiated at the universities in Aachen, Bayreuth, Belfast, Berlin, Bielefeld, Braunschweig, Cottbus, Darmstadt, Erlangen-Nurnberg, Essen, Freiburg, Gottingen, Greif- swald, Halle-Wittenberg, Hamburg-Harburg, Heidelberg, Hohenheim, J ena, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Konstanz, Mainz, Marburg, Montpellier, Munchen, Munster, Rome, the Saarland, Salzburg, Stuttgart, Tubingen, Ulm, Worcester, Wurz- burg, and Zurich. Several projects are carried out in cooperation with insti- tutes of the Max Planck Society in Stuttgart, the German Research Center of Aero- and Astronautics in Braunschweig and Stuttgart, the Geo-Research Center in Potsdam, the Los Alamos National Laboratory, the Alfred-Wegener Institute of Polar and Maritime Research, and the Research Center Karlsruhe.

The most important properties of normal and Student t-distributions are presented. A number of applications of these properties are demonstrated. New related results dealing with the distributions of the sum, product and ratio of the independent normal and Student distributions are presented. The materials will be useful to the advanced undergraduate and graduate students and practitioners in the various fields of science and engineering.