Creating Intelligent Content with Lightweight DITA documents the evolution of the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) - a widely used open standard for structuring technical content. DITA has grown in popularity and features since its origins as an internal grammar for structuring technical documentation at IBM. This book introduces Lightweight DITA (LwDITA, which should be read as "Lightweight DITA") as a proposed version of the DITA standard that reduces its dependence on complex Extensible Markup Language (XML) structures and simplifies its authoring experience. This volume aims to reconcile discrepancies and similarities in methods for authoring content in industry and academia and does so by reporting on DITA's evolution through the lens of computational thinking, which has been connected in scholarship and media to initiatives for learning to code and programming. Evia's core argument is that if technical communicators are trained with principles of rhetorical problem solving and computational thinking, they can create structured content in lightweight workflows with XML, HTML5, and Markdown designed to reduce the learning curve associated with DITA and similar authoring methodologies. At the same time, this book has the goal of making concepts of structured authoring and intelligent content easier to learn and teach in humanities-based writing and communication programs. This book is intended for practitioners and students interested in structured authoring or the DITA standard.

Creating Intelligent Content with Lightweight DITA documents the evolution of the Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA) - a widely used open standard for structuring technical content. DITA has grown in popularity and features since its origins as an internal grammar for structuring technical documentation at IBM. This book introduces Lightweight DITA (LwDITA, which should be read as "Lightweight DITA") as a proposed version of the DITA standard that reduces its dependence on complex Extensible Markup Language (XML) structures and simplifies its authoring experience. This volume aims to reconcile discrepancies and similarities in methods for authoring content in industry and academia and does so by reporting on DITA's evolution through the lens of computational thinking, which has been connected in scholarship and media to initiatives for learning to code and programming. Evia's core argument is that if technical communicators are trained with principles of rhetorical problem solving and computational thinking, they can create structured content in lightweight workflows with XML, HTML5, and Markdown designed to reduce the learning curve associated with DITA and similar authoring methodologies. At the same time, this book has the goal of making concepts of structured authoring and intelligent content easier to learn and teach in humanities-based writing and communication programs. This book is intended for practitioners and students interested in structured authoring or the DITA standard.

Making Hypermedia Work: A User's Guide to HyTime discusses how the HyTime standard can be applied to real world problems of navigating from here to there in collections of documents. The HyTime standard itself provides enabling method and templates for various information structures such as links and various kinds of location indicators. A HyTime application specifies how a group applies those templates to their particular requirements. This involves choosing which HyTime structures are needed, setting up conventions for how they are to be used and setting up management and processes for creation, conversion and update of hypermedia documents. A HyTime engine is the last ingredient: actually using an application typically involves choosing software to support one's use of HyTime and customizing it as needed. This may be as simple as setting up hypertextual style sheets that determine how links and other things look and act. More specialized applications may require full-scale design and programming. Making Hypermedia Work: A User's Guide to HyTime presents the first in-depth guide to the HyTime specifications, both describing its key features and providing guidelines on how it is used. The book begins with the more familiar structures of books, graphics and cross-references, detailing the HyTime constructs and models used to identify, locate, and link data. It goes on to introduce some of HyTime's mechanisms for linking multidimensional, multimedia data, and for scheduling it in space and time. The authors help the reader become fluent in HyTime as it applies to the simpler and most widely understood data types. After mastering this level of HyTime, readers will be ready and able to explore the exciting potential of HyTime for more sophisticated multimedia applications.

This volume presents the proceedings of the First International Conference on Applications of Databases, ADB-94, held at Vadstena, Sweden in June 1994. ADB-94 provided a unique platform for the discussion of innovative applications of databases among database researchers, developers and application designers. The 28 refereed papers were carefully selected from more than 100 submissions. They report on DB applications, for example in air traffic, modelling, maps, environment, finance, engineering, electronic publishing, and digital libraries, and they are devoted to advanced database services, as for example image text and multimedia modelling, fuzzy set based querying, knowledge management, heterogeneous multidatabase management, and intelligent networks.

This volume examines the progress of sub-Saharan African countries in advancing science and technology in the context of the structural adjustment programmes they have undertaken. It looks at the pursuit of science and technology both before and after structural adjustment programmes have been attempted in Ghana, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda. The efficiency with which the research and development has been carried out, the transferability of scientific and technical resources from one activity to another and the directions in which advances are channelled are discussed, and the institutions engaged in providing resources are identified as well as the rates at which resources are allocated. Finally, the book examines how much resources are devoted to science and technology and with what objectives.

The Finite Element Analysis today is the leading engineer's tool to analyze structures concerning engineering mechanics, i.e. statics, heat flows, eigenvalue problems and many more. Thus, this book wants to provide well-chosen aspects of this method for students of engineering sciences and engineers already established in the job in such a way, that they can apply this knowledge immediately to the solution of practical problems. Over 30 examples along with all input data files on DVD allow a comprehensive practical training of engineering mechanics. Two very powerful FEA programs are provided on DVD, too: Z88, the open source finite elements program for static calculations, as well as Z88Aurora, the very comfortable to use and much more powerful freeware finite elements program which can also be used for non-linear calculations, stationary heat flows and eigenproblems, i.e. natural frequencies. Both are full versions with which arbitrarily big structures can be computed – only limited by your computer memory and your imagination. For Z88 all sources are fully available, so that the reader can study the theoretical aspects in the program code and extend it if necessary. Z88 and Z88Aurora are ready-to-run for Windows and LINUX as well as for Mac OS X. For Android devices there also exists an app called Z88Tina which can be downloaded from Google Play Store.

This volume contains the proceedings of the seventh annual conference on software engineering and training, sponsored by the Software Engineering Institute (SEI), held in Texas in January 1994. The conference is also held in cooperation with the Association for Computing Machinery and the IEEE Computer Society. The volume includes refereed papers from an international group of software engineering educators, along with reports from the SEI, panel discussions, and contributions by invited speakers. Several papers focus on the theme of the 1994 conference: putting the engineering into software engineering. These papers address various aspects of applying the principles and methods of traditional engineering disciplines to software engineering.

The following forms the proceedings of the NATO-supported Advanced Study Institute held at the University of Salford, located near Manchester, England, during the period 16-28 August, 1992. The need for this Institute was stimulated by the 1 recommendations from the NATO-supported Research Workshop, held in 1990 , which stated that the role of advanced educational technology in the delivery of technology education be explored in considerable detail. The Institute focused on the key elements of: i) the philosophical and educational foundations for the use of advanced educational technologies in the delivery of technology education, ii) advanced educational technology, and iii) the development of integrated implementation plans employing research from both elements. The partiCipants comprised some 60 selected leaders in the field of science and technology education, drawn from the practitioner, doctoral and post-doctoral levels, and included decision-makers in local and national administration and government in the NATO and CEE (Central and Eastern European) countries. The participants were addressed by a number of keynote speakers expert in various fields. The papers presented and the responses on the participants to the issues developed through the poster sessions, are summarised in these procedings. It is hoped that the work encapsulated herein makes for interesting reading, and assists and educates those active in these areas of educational endeavour.

This workshop on Graphics Modeling and Visualization in Scientific, Engineering and Technical Applications was held in Darmstadt, Germany, on 13-14 April 1992. Visualization is known as the key technology to control massive data sets and to achieve insight into these tera bytes of data. Graphics Modeling is the enabling technology for advanced interaction. This book contains the keynote papers from three internationally well-known invited speakers and a selection of papers submitted to this workshop. Due to the effective scientific contacts between German and Portuguese researchers, and the results from this cooperation, the workshop was also the 2nd Luso-German Meet- ing on Computer Graphics. The keynote papers present an excellent overview of the main topics of the workshop. Prof. Rae Earnshaw focuses on Scientific Visualization as an inter- disciplinary area of research and application, presenting state of the art concepts and works currently being developed, and the requirements of visualization sys- tems in the 90's. Prof. Frank-Lothar Krause presents Product Modeling as the key for information integration in industry, in particular to support CAD-CAM inte- gration and CIM. Dr. Rolf Iindner introduces the DEDICATED (DEvelopment of a new DImension in Computer Assisted Teaching and EDucation) project, a European DELTA project with a strong involvement of German and Portuguese partners.

Technological advance affects almost all areas of human life. Rapid digitization, increased mobility, new biotechnologies, and nanotechnology deeply influence, amongst others, industrial production, entertainment, work, military affairs, and individual life. Besides overwhelmingly positive effects on wealth, comfort, innovation, and development, this also raises questions of unintended effects, of tensions with democracy, of the role of citizens, and of its sustainability facing environmental issues. Tools and procedures are needed to cope with this challenging situation. Technology assessment (TA) has been developed more than fifty years ago to enable science, the economy, and society to harvest the potential of new technology to the maximum extent possible and to deal responsibly with possible adverse effects. It was developed more than 50 years ago in the U.S. Congress and has diversified considerably in the meantime. Parliamentary TA in many European states and at the international level, participatory TA at the local and regional levels worldwide, and TA as part of engineering processes are the most relevant fields today. Technology assessment is a growing field of interdisciplinary research and scientific policy advice. This volume (a) gives an overview of motivations of TA, its history and its current practices, (b) develops a fresh theoretical perspective on TA rooted in social theory and philosophy, and (c) draws conclusions from the theoretical perspective for the further development of TA's practices. It provides the first comprehensive view on the growing field of TA at the international level.

This volume features 15 contributors who argue that technical change can fruitfully be interpreted as an institutionally-structured learning process. These essays show that the analysis of knowledge-generating institutions - including firms, industries, patenting systems and occupations - provides insights into the pace, direction and persistence of technological change. The authors use these insights to both reshape economic theory, and reinterpret the economic development of Britain, the United States, Germany and Japan. Other titles by Ross Thomson includes "The Path to Mechanized Shoe Production in the United States", "Business and Economic History", " The Journal of Economic History", "The New Palgrave", "Social Concept" and "Technology and Culture".

Presents the fundamental finance and accounting processes, methods, strategies and terminology necessary for engineers and engineering managers to interpret financial data properly - examining topics such as cost and break-even analysis, the time value of money, financial ratios and discounted cash flow techniques. The information is designed to enable engineers and project managers to prepare, appraise, evaluate and approve financial plans to accomplish specific departmental and company objectives.

This volume in the Business Analysis Professional Development Series by leading expert and keynote speaker Jamie Champagne is the second edition of our number #1 best seller. It is an instructional text that will help relatively new analysts, and those expected who do business analysis work in addition to their main role, build their skill sets, master the essentials, and advance their careers. Since the content is aligned with the consensus-based business analysis standards of both the Project Management Institute (PMI) and the International Institute of Business Analysis (IIBA), as articulated in their respective guides and bodies of knowledge, this book continues to be an excellent reference for the PMI-PBA, ECBA, CCBA, and CBAP certification exams. Seven Steps to Mastering Business Analysis, 2nd Edition, presents detailed explanations of business analysis concepts, terms, tasks, and techniques, and includes examples to help readers understand how to apply them to real-world situations. It also delineates the key activities that are core to the BA role and the diverse range of activities analysts perform based on their career competency level, ranging from problem solving and identification of business opportunities, to complex systems thinking and solution development, to strategic planning and change management. Even for those not interested in certification, like its first edition, this guide is a must-have reference for BA generalists, specialists, and hybrids at every career level and industry segment or perspective. Key Features: Helps new and experienced BAs, as well as project managers, system analysts, product managers and many others doing analysis work, master the skill sets essential to successful business analysis Supplies a clear definition of the business analysis role and insights on how to approach analysis work to help deliver successful solutions Brings needed attention to the significant value those performing the BA role are delivering to all areas of organizations today in the form of change efforts and in project-based work focused on elicitation, analysis, validation, problem solving, and solution delivery Articulates numerous techniques and approaches for learning the business you are working in and gaining an understanding of the technology environment regardless of your background Walks readers through the business case process for gaining support and initiating projects and change efforts Details techniques for successful requirements elicitation, analysis, and validation and how to successfully plan your approach to delivering high-quality business analysis deliverables Explains the current frameworks used for change and project-based work and offers suggestions on how to select the best approach/technique from the various analysis work methodologies Discusses why and how organizations approach change efforts through projects and the added value analysts can provide in helping project-based work be successful beyond the scope of the project Shows BAs how to work with stakeholders, approach them and identify what they need, build successful working relationships, and communicate and present deliverables Provides guidance relevant to BAs at every career level on how to plan, measure, and continuously improve your business analysis work and skill sets Examines the ideal traits, professional attributes, and skills of those most likely to be successful in the role to help aspiring BAs determine if it is a good fit for them and those hiring or managing BAs

This ninth volume is one of the most arnbitious in the Philosophy and Technology series. Edited by technopolitical philosopher Langdon Winner, it assembles an impressive collection of philosophers and political theorists to discuss one of the most important topics of the end of the twentieth century - the bearing of technology, in all its rarnifica tions, on the practice of democratic politics in the developed world. When set beside the previous volume in the series - Europe, America, and Teehnology - the two together open a philosophical dialogue of great significance about the ways technology challenges democracy at its very roots. Some philosophers think the attack is fatal. Others are optimistic that democratic means can be discovered, or invented, for the control of technology. Still others object to an optimism-versus-pes simism formulation of the issue. But alI agree that the issue is highly significant, one that demands serious philosophical inquiry. The Society for Philosophy and Technology was fortunate in being able to draw this group of writers to Bordeaux, France, in 1989, along with a large number of others whose contributions to the debate could not be included here. It is equally fortunate to have chosen Langdon Winner as president when the time carne to select the best of the papers to fashion this volume. University of Delaware PAUL T."

European Problem Areas of Coordinating Research and Development Strategies in Work and Technology Introduction Hans Pomschlegel, Dortmund, Germany 1. Initiative and Organizers During several meetings in Stockholm between the Swedish-German steering group of the Swedish Work Environment Fund (Arbetsmiljofonden) and the Project Ad ministration for Work and Technology (Projekttrager Arbeit und Technik) of the DLR it was common opinion that the coordination of some programme areas and projects of both sides, and the cooperation within them, showed good progress and fruitful results. Contacts and cooperation between research institutions and researchers were also well underway. But there was never time to discuss political, strategic and operational approaches in the formulation, interpretation and implementation of research and development (R&D) strategies in the common fields of activities, labelled "quality of working life," "humanization," anthropocentric design concepts, work and technology, to mention the most common terms in English. Last year the Sozialakademie Dortmund proposed to the Swedish and German parties to organize a workshop devoted to this cause. The idea was immediately taken up; the German side suggested that such a gathering should not only express German and Swedish voices but should be extended to a wider, European forum. The workshop could then better deal with the relations between the relevant national, European and possibly international programmes. It would allow deeper insights into the underlying political structures and mechanisms, the system of cooperation and conflict solving between publicly financed programmes, promoted institutions and expected results."

The goal of the International Workshop on Expert Systems in Engineering is to stimulate the flow of information between researchers working on theoretical and applied research topics in this area. It puts special emphasis on new technologies relevant to industrial engineering expert systems, such as model-based diagnosis, qualitative reasoning, planning, and design, and to the conditions in which they operate, in real time, with database support. The workshop is especially relevant for engineering environments like CIM (computer integrated manufacturing) and process automation.

During the past decade there has been a dramatic change in the nature of mobile communications technology and its impact on the general communic ations environment. In the 1970s, mobile radio was a minority activity in communications, based on relatively unsophisticated technology. The 1980s, however, have seen the emergence of analogue cellular systems and the definition of future digital systems, and the predicted demand for these services is such that investigations into the use of higher frequency bands have already begun. It is predicted that, by the late 1990s, the 'personal communications' world will have resulted in the majority of adults in Europe and North America being dependent on radio-connected terminals of various kinds for more than 50% of their total telecommunications needs. The technology which will form the basis of this revolution has now been defined, at least in outline, and the fixed and mobile equipment that will be used in systems of the future will bear little resemblance to that available even ten years ago. It is impossible within the confines of a single, relatively short book to cover all the subject areas needed for a study of this exciting and expanding field of technology. We have, perforce, been selective and have chosen those topics which we believe to be of primary importance at the present time."

This book provides a comprehensive view of current developments in the theory of recursive reduced-order methods for singularly perturbed and weakly coupled linear control systems. The recursive methods offer several advantages: high accuracy can easily be achieved at low cost, parallel processing can be used, results are obtained under mild assumptions, and software and hardware implementation of the control algorithms is highly simplified. The book emphasizes mathematical developments as well as their application to solving practical problems. A number of real world examples demonstrating the usefulness of the theory are included.

The objective of this book is to present the problems and possibilities of transferring technology from the developed countries to the developing countries to raise their standard of living. It develops the conceptual issues, legal ramifications, empirical testing of mathematical models and case studies of different industries in many countries. It contains articles by distinguished scholars in the field, practitioners and government officials. It is an important supplement to the hands-on approach used by many private industries and national and international organizations. The unique feature of this book is that it is multidisciplinary and that it has a balanced combination of abstract theoretical approaches and practical considerations.

This book is a comprehensive, practical guide and reference to today's mechanical conveyor systems. It covers all types of mechanical conveyors, providing in-depth information on their design, function and applications. More than 180 photographs and schematics illustrate details of design and system layout. An introductory chapter provides an understanding of the characteristics of various types of bulk solids, including their conveyability and the types of conveying systems most effective for each. Following chapters examine each of five major categories of conveying systems, with practical details on their design, operation and applications. The final chapter presents basic information on motors and drives for conveying systems, as well as related equipment such as speed reduction systems and conveyor brakes. The emphasis throughout the text is on practical engineering and operating information, with a minimum of theory. The presentation is systematic and organized for easy reference. A very detailed index enables the quick location of needed information. This guide and reference will be useful to all engineers and other personnel involved in the continuous movement of bulk solids. It serves as both a basic introduction and a desk-top reference. The Authors Dr. Fayed is a Professor and Director of the Powder Science & Technology Group at Ryerson Polytechnic University in Toronto. He is also a licensed Consulting Engineer, a Fellow of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers and the Canadian Society of Chemical Engineering. Previously he held positions in process design and development with ICI, Davy McKee, M. W. Kellogg, and Peabody. He has lectured at numerous seminars and workshops at meetings of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, and other organizations. He has published many papers on particulate technology and is the co-editor of Powder Science & Technology Handbook. Thomas Skocir in an engineer presently with ECO-TEC, an environmental engineering company in Toronto.

This unique Handbook provides an in-depth overview of the themes and direction of science, technology, innovation, and public policy in an increasingly globalized world. Leading authorities discuss current debates, research issues, and prospects, and present a foundation for the development of global policy. * Presents a state-of-the-art overview of science, technology, and innovation in the context of globalization and global policy * Offers an accessible introduction for students, researchers, and policy makers in the fields of economics, sociology, political science, business studies, global studies, and international relations * Addresses emerging issues and provides clear policy implications and analysis in each chapter * Includes crucial coverage of the activities of established and emerging geographical areas * Explores the ways in which reforms in intellectual property rights and world trade have been affected by the increasingly international flows of knowledge, technology, and innovation * Examines major policy trends, including a significant shift toward private scientific research, and a heightened awareness amongst policy-makers of the economic and technological impact of scientific activity

These notes are intended to describe the basic concepts of solving inverse problems in a stable way. Since almost all in- verse problems are ill-posed in its original formulation the discussion of methods to overcome difficulties which result from this fact is the main subject of this book. Over the past fifteen years, the number of publications on inverse problems has grown rapidly. Therefore, these notes can be neither a comprehensive introduction nor a complete mono- graph on the topics considered; it is designed to provide the main ideas and methods. Throughout, we have not striven for the most general statement, but the clearest one which would cover the most situations. The presentation is intended to be accessible to students whose mathematical background includes basic courses in ad- vanced calculus, linear algebra and functional analysis. Each chapter contains bibliographical comments. At the end of Chap- ter 1 references are given which refer to topics which are not studied in this book. I am very grateful to Mrs. B. Brodt for typing and to W. Scondo and u. Schuch for inspecting the manuscript.

In this issue we go back to the basics to teach you fundamental Maker skills. Our Skill School is packed with over 60 skills to help you get started or refine your craft. In this issue we also check in with some of the famous Makers we have featured over the last ten years for their tips and tricks. Projects in this issue include: Modifying Nerf Blasters Beginner's guide to building an R2-D2 A Foldaway Table that looks like a Picture Frame 3D Printed PCB Workstation How to Mummify a Banana

This collection offers a comprehensive overview of approaches to teaching the complex subject of content management. The 12 chapters define and explain content management and its accompanying competencies, providing teaching examples in areas including content strategy, topic-based writing, usability studies, and social media. The book covers tasks associated with content management such as analyzing audiences and using information architecture languages including XML and DITA. It highlights the communal aspects of content management, focusing on the work of writing stewardship and project management, and the characteristics of content management in global contexts. It concludes with a look to the future and the forces that shape content management today. The editor situates the collection within a pedagogical exigency, providing sound instructional approaches to teaching content management from a rhetorical perspective. The book is an essential resource for both instructors new to teaching technical and professional communication, and experienced instructors who are interested in upgrading their pedagogies to include content management.