This book provides a comprehensive source of information on freezing and frozen storage of food. Initial chapters describe the freezing process and provide a fundamental understanding of the thermal and physical processes that occur during freezing. Experts in each stage of the frozen cold chain provide, within dedicated chapters, guidelines and advice on how to freeze food and maintain its quality during storage, transport, retail display and in the home. Individual chapters deal with specific aspects of freezing relevant to the main food commodities: meat, fish, fruit and vegetables. Legislation and new freezing processes are also covered.
Frozen Food Science and Technology offers in-depth knowledge of current and emerging refrigeration technologies along the entire frozen food chain, enabling readers to optimise the quality of frozen food products. It is aimed at food scientists, technologists and engineers within the frozen food industry; frozen food retailers; and researchers and students of food science and technology.

As an acoustic engineer, Trevor Cox has spent his career eradicating unwanted noises - echoes in concert halls, clamour in classrooms. Until the day he heard something so astonishing that he had an epiphany: rather than quashing rare or bizarre sounds, we should be celebrating these sonic treasures. This is the story of his investigation into the mysteries of these Sonic Wonders of the World. In the Mojave Desert he finds sand dunes that sing. In France he discovers an echo that tells jokes. In California he drives down a musical road that plays the William Tell Overture. In Cathedrals across the world he learns how acoustics changed the history of the Church. Touching on physics, music, archaeology, neuroscience, biology, and design, Cox explains how sound is made and altered by the environment and how our body reacts to peculiar noises - from the exotic sonic wonders he encounters on his journey, or the equally unique and surprising sounds of our everyday environment. In a world dominated by the visual, Sonic Wonderland encourages us to become better listeners and to open our ears to the glorious cacophony around us. Listen to a selection of astonishing sounds here: https://soundcloud.com/sonicwonderland

An eye-opening exploration of membrane contactors from a group of industry leaders In Membrane Contactor Technology: Water Treatment, Food Processing, Gas Separation, and Carbon Capture, an expert team of researchers delivers an up-to-date and insightful explanation of membrane contactor technology, including transport phenomena, design aspects, and diverse process applications. The book also includes explorations of membrane synthesis, process, and module design, as well as rarely discussed process modeling and simulation techniques. The authors discuss the technical and economic aspects of this increasingly important technology and examine the geometry, flow, energy and mass transport, and design aspects of membrane contactor modules. They also cover a wide range of application opportunities for this technology, from the materials sciences to process engineering. Membrane Contactor Technology also includes: A thorough introduction to the membrane contactor extraction process, including dispersion-free membrane extraction processes and supported liquid membrane processes Comprehensive explorations of membrane transport theory, including discussions of diffusional mass and heat transfer modeling, as well as numerical modeling In-depth examinations of module configuration and geometry, including design and flow configuration Practical discussions of modes or operation, including membrane distillation, osmotic evaporation, and forward osmosis Perfect for process engineers, biotechnologists, water chemists, and membrane scientists, Membrane Contactor Technology also belongs in the libraries of chemical engineers, polymer chemists, and chemists working in the environmental industry.

This open access book provides a view into the state-of-the-art research on aviation noise and related annoyance. The book will primarily focus on the achievements of the ANIMA project (Aviation Noise Impact Management through Novel Approaches), but not exclusively. The content has a broader theme in order to encompass. regulation issues, the ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) balanced approach, progresses made on technologies and reduction of noise at source, impact of possible future civil supersonic aircraft, land-use planning issues, as well as the core topics of the ANIMA project, i.e. impact on human beings, annoyance, quality of life, health and findings of the project in this respect. This book differs from traditional research programmes on aviation noise as the authors endeavour, not to lower noise at source, but to reduce the annoyance. This book examines these non-acoustic factors in an effort to help those most affected by aviation noise - communities living close to airports, and also help airport managers, policy-makers, local authorities and researchers to deal with this issue holistically. The book concludes with some recommendations for EU, national and local policy-makers, airport and aviation authorities, and more broadly a scientifically literate audience. These recommendations may help to identify gaps for progress in terms of research but also genuine implementation actions for political and regulatory authorities.

Multistate System Reliability with Dependencies explains how to select a model of load sharing that best describes the impact of changes in reliability states of components. This is mainly achieved via a generalization of two-state system reliability analysis, where equal load sharing and local load sharing rules are commonly used. The material covers basic concepts of traditional reliability theory, including the concept of probability, failures, series and parallel systems, k-out-of-n systems, and more. It features cutting-edge theorems on the reliability analysis of multistate systems that take into account component degradation and dependencies between subsystems and components in subsystems. Other themes addressed include renewable systems and the availability analysis of multistate systems. Combining results of the reliability analysis of multistate systems with dependent components and the results of the classical renewal theory, the availability analysis of multistate systems under the assumption of imperfect renovation is also provided.

Building Valve Amplifiers is a unique hands-on guide for anyone working with tube audio equipment--as an electronics hobbyist, audiophile or audio engineer. This 2nd Edition builds on the success of the first with technology and technique revisions throughout and, significantly, a major new self-build project, worked through step-by-step, which puts into practice the principles and techniques introduced throughout the book.

Particular attention has been paid to answering questions commonly asked by newcomers to the world of the valve, whether audio enthusiasts tackling their first build or more experienced amplifier designers seeking to learn about the design principles and trade-offs of "glass audio." Safety considerations are always to the fore, and the practical side of this book is reinforced by numerous clear illustrations throughout.
The only hands-on approach to building valve and tube amps--classic and modern--with a minimum of theoryDesign, construction, fault-finding, and testing are all illustrated by step-by-step examples, enabling readers to clearly understand the content and succeed in their own projectsIncludes a complete self-build amplifier project, putting into practice the key techniques introduced throughout the book

Guiding you through the history and emergence of modern mastering techniques, then providing practical hints and tips on how to use them in your set up, Practical Mastering is the book for anyone wanting to master this elusive art form. Providing you with solid mastering theory underpinned by years of professional experience and hands-on advice to getting the most out of your set up. Using years of practical and professional experience, Mark and Russ offer a discussion of how to effectively listen to and interpret post-mix tracks, showing you how to pick out areas of the mix that could be optimized or need development. Backing this up with professional tips and tricks on how to develop and fine tuning your hearing skills. Honing your ears to efficiently and effectively listen to your mixes and create perfectly polished master tracks.

This series of books comprises a major social and cultural history of Britain, reflected through the prism of music - mostly folk music. It amounts to a hidden history of both Britain and music, and is part oral history and part incisive criticism, with a fair amount of humour thrown in. The ten part series is based on the life of 90-year-old Bill Leader, the prolific sound engineer and producer, who was the first to record Bert Jansch, the Watersons, Anne Briggs, Nic Jones and Connollys Billy and Riognach, and among the last to record Jeannie Robertson, Fred Jordan and Walter Pardon. Bill straddled the golden age of traditional singing and the folk revival. He agreed to the biographical treatment if due prominence be given to colleagues who may have since slipped from the world's eyes. Through the series, a parade of the great and good come and go. These include Paul Simon, Brendan Behan, Pink Floyd and Christy Moore, all recorded by Bill at one time or another. Secrets, surprises and heresies are rife and something jaw dropping happens at least every four pages. Each book comes with illustrations by PETER SEAL and rare photographs.

In an easy-to-grasp, holistic manner "Mastering Audio: The Art and the Science, Third Edition "unravels the technical mysteries that regularly challenge audio engineers. Including practical tips and real world experiences, Bob Katz explains the technical detail of the subject in his informative and humorous style. Completely reorganized to focus on workflow, this third edition details mastering by providing a step-by-step approach to the process. First covering practical techniques and basic theory, this industry classic" "also addresses advanced theory and practice. The book s new approach is especially suitable to accompany a one- or two-term course in audio and mastering.

Completely rewritten and organized to address changes that will continue to influence the audio world, this third edition includes several new chapters addressing the influence of loudness measurement and assessment and provides explanation of how mastering engineers must integrate loudness measurement and PLR assessment in their mastering techniques.

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Mastering Audio: The Art and the Science, Third Edition" also includes the newest approaches to equalization, monitor response measurement and correction, the psychoacoustics of clipping, an extended discussion of restoration and noise reduction techniques, an extended set of listening examples, and an updated chapter on surround mastering including coverage of Pure Audio BluRay.

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Starting with essential maths, fundamentals of signals and systems, and classical concepts of DSP, this book presents, from an application-oriented perspective, modern concepts and methods of DSP including machine learning for audio acoustics and engineering. Content highlights include but are not limited to room acoustic parameter measurements, filter design, codecs, machine learning for audio pattern recognition and machine audition, spatial audio, array technologies and hearing aids. Some research outcomes are fed into book as worked examples. As a research informed text, the book attempts to present DSP and machine learning from a new and more relevant angle to acousticians and audio engineers. Some MATLAB (R) codes or frameworks of algorithms are given as downloads available on the CRC Press website. Suggested exploration and mini project ideas are given for "proof of concept" type of exercises and directions for further study and investigation. The book is intended for researchers, professionals, and senior year students in the field of audio acoustics.

A comprehensive review of the fundamental molecular mechanisms in fermentation and explores the microbiology of fermentation technology and industrial applications Microbial Sensing in Fermentation presents the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the process of fermentation and explores the applied art of microbiology and fermentation technology. The text contains descriptions regarding the extraordinary sensing ability of microorganisms towards small physicochemical changes in their surroundings. The contributors -- noted experts in the field -- cover a wide range of topics such as microbial metabolism and production (fungi, bacteria, yeast etc); refined and non-refined carbon sources; bioprocessing; microbial synthesis, responses and performance; and biochemical, molecular and extra/intracellular controlling. This resource contains a compilation of literature on biochemical and cellular level mechanisms for microbial controlled production and includes the most significant recent advances in industrial fermentation. The text offers a balanced approach between theory and practical application, and helps readers gain a clear understanding of microbial physiological adaptation during fermentation and its cumulative effect on productivity. This important book: Presents the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in microbial sensing in relation to fermentation technology Includes information on the significant recent advances in industrial fermentation Contains contributions from a panel of highly-respected experts in their respective fields Offers a resource that will be essential reading for scientists, professionals and researchers from academia and industry with an interest in the biochemistry and microbiology of fermentation technology Written for researchers, graduate and undergraduate students from diverse backgrounds, such as biochemistry and applied microbiology, Microbial Sensing in Fermentation offers a review of the fundamental molecular mechanisms involved in the process of fermentation.

Underwater Acoustic Modeling and Simulation (5th edition) examines the translation of our physical understanding of sound in the sea into mathematical models that can simulate acoustic propagation, noise, and reverberation in the ocean. These models are used in a variety of research and operational applications to predict and diagnose the performance of complex sonar systems operating in the undersea environment. This fifth edition addresses advances in the development and utilization of underwater acoustic models since 2013. The inventory of underwater acoustic models has increased by approximately 10 percent over this period, thus demonstrating a continued expansion of related research and development activities. Major new developments are described in newly created subsections of the existing chapters. This book is intended for those who have a fundamental understanding of underwater acoustics, but who are not yet familiar with the various aspects of modeling. The level of technical detail presented in this book is appropriate for a broad spectrum of practitioners and students in sonar technology, acoustical oceanography, marine engineering, naval operations analysis, systems engineering, and applied mathematics. Sufficient mathematical derivations are included to demonstrate model formulations, and guidelines are provided to assist in the selection and proper application of these models. Updated inventory of underwater acoustic models available for current research and development activities. Discussion of specific examples of each type of model to illustrate model formulations, assumptions, and algorithm efficiency. Instructions in the proper application of models and the correct interpretation of results to assess prediction uncertainties. Demonstration of how underwater acoustic models can serve as enabling tools for assessing noise impacts on the ocean soundscape. Inclusion of updated discussion and analytic questions in each chapter to help students assess their comprehension.

Provides a summary of current research results on the physiological and psychological effects of sound on people * Covers how the operation of the hearing mechanism affects our reactions to sounds * Includes research results from studies on noise sources of public concern such as transportation, public utility, and recreational sources, with emphasis on low frequency sound and infrasound * Covers sounds that affect some but not others, how sounds can be controlled on a practical level, and how and what sounds are regulated * Includes coverage of both positive and negative effects of sound

Aeroacoustics of Low Mach Number Flows: Fundamentals, Analysis, and Measurement provides a comprehensive treatment of sound radiation from subsonic flow over moving surfaces, which is the most widespread cause of flow noise in engineering systems. This includes fan noise, rotor noise, wind turbine noise, boundary layer noise, and aircraft noise. Beginning with fluid dynamics, the fundamental equations of aeroacoustics are derived and the key methods of solution are explained, focusing both on the necessary mathematics and physics. Fundamentals of turbulence and turbulent flows, experimental methods and numerous applications are also covered. The book is an ideal source of information on aeroacoustics for researchers and graduate students in engineering, physics, or applied math, as well as for engineers working in this field. Supplementary material for this book is provided by the authors on the website www.aeroacoustics.net. The website provides educational content designed to help students and researchers in understanding some of the principles and applications of aeroacoustics, and includes example problems, data, sample codes, course plans and errata. The website is continuously being reviewed and added to.

This book provides a true A to Z of recorded sound, from its inception to the present day, outlining how technologies, techniques, and social attitudes have changed things, noting what is good and what is less good. The author starts by discussing the physics of sound generation and propagation. He then moves on to outline the history of recorded sound and early techniques and technologies, such as the rise of multi-channel tape recorders and their impact on recorded sound. He goes on to debate live sound versus recorded sound and why there is a difference, particularly with classical music. Other topics covered are the sound of real instruments and how that sound is produced and how to record it; microphone techniques and true stereo sound; digital workstations, sampling, and digital media; and music reproduction in the home and how it has changed. The author wraps up the book by discussing where we should be headed for both popular and classical music recording and reproduction, the role of the Audio Engineer in the 21st century, and a brief look at technology today and where it is headed. This book is ideal for anyone interested in recorded sound. "[Julian Ashbourn] strives for perfection and reaches it through his recordings... His deep knowledge of both technology and music is extensive and it is with great pleasure that I see he is passing this on for the benefit of others. I have no doubt that this book will be highly valued by many in the music industry, as it will be by me." -- Claudio Di Meo, Composer, Pianist and Principal Conductor of The Kensington Philharmonic Orchestra, The Hemel Symphony Orchestra and The Lumina Choir

Geographic Knowledge Engineering: Applications to Territorial Intelligence and Smart Cities studies the specific nature of geographic knowledge and the structure of geographic knowledge bases. Geographic relations, ontologies, gazetteers and rules are detailed as the basic components of such bases, and these rules are defined to develop our understanding of the mechanisms of geographic reasoning. The book examines various problems linked to geovisualization, chorems, visual querying and interoperability to shape knowledge infrastructure for smart governance.

In many plants, vibration and noise problems occur due to fluid flow, which can greatly disrupt smooth plant operations. These flow-related phenomena are called flow-induced vibration. This book explains how and why such vibrations happen and provides hints and tips on how to avoid them in future plant design. The world-leading author team doesn't assume prior knowledge of mathematical methods and provides the reader with information on the basics of modeling. The book includes several practical examples and thorough explanations of the structure, the evaluation method and the mechanisms to aid understanding of flow-induced vibrations.

Get to know the ultimate skill for using your own two hands! The Art and Craft of the Blacksmith discusses a range of blacksmithing tools, techniques, and projects, from fundamental skills to advanced forging, as well as a gallery showcasing inspiring artists using innovative techniques today. Craftspeople making the transition from interest to hobby and beyond will find both inspiration and practical how-to projects in this comprehensive reference to ironwork. Beginning with an overview of iron and the traditions of historical forging, professional blacksmith Robert Thomas offers everything you need to get started or to take your work to the next level.