The digestive system of the birds have some unique aspects in that it stores food temporarily in the crop, and masticates it in the gizzard rather than in the mouth like the other animals. The vertebrate gastrointestinal tract is a dynamic organ (Brugger, 1991). The digestive organs of birds consist of the epithelium derived from the endoderm (Romanoff, 1960). Birds have a digestive tract (GI tract) that is much shorter (to reduce weight for flight) and have a specially modified stomach for processing seeds and plant material. In pigeons, the crop lining changes dramatically when they are feeding young. Birds depend heavily on their digestive system to remain nourished and healthy.

Master's Thesis from the year 2013 in the subject Veterinary medicine, grade: Excellent, Cairo University (Faculty of veterinary medicine), course: Hygeine & control of meat & its products, language: English, abstract: This survey was conducted in El-Basateen abattoir in Cairo to study the significance of abattoir finding among slaughtered sheep from January to December 2006. A total of 57223 sheep included 39582 Saidi, 17367 Barki, 54 Ossimi, 31 Rahmani, and 189 Imported breeds (162 Romanian, 27 Ethiopian) admitted to El-Basateen abattoir ovine slaughter hall were slaughtered & inspected according to the Egyptian Official Code # 517 for Meat inspection presented in the (El-Wakaa El-Masria, 1986). All gross pathological & abnormal findings revealed during the postmortem inspection of sheep carcasses were recorded & photographed to illustrate the macroscopic details of each gross lesion. The prevalence of most common abnormalities and affections demonstrated in sheep carcasses were estimated in relation to breed, age, sex and seasons. The economic losses due to condemned carcasses & organs were evaluated. The public health significance & zoonotic importance of recorded affections have been discussed.

The European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging publishes the EAVDI yearbook to provide members with high quality review articles on current topics, translated article abstracts from non-English journals, and original articles. This issue of the EAVDI yearbook is an excellent addition to the library of those interested in small animal advanced imaging including CT, MRI, and nuclear scintigraphy, as well as equine radiography and MRI imaging. The magic angle effect in magnetic resonance imaging of the horse: a review Lameness and asymmetric distribution of osteopaenia without facial swelling in a pregnant mare with suspected nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism Radiography and radiology of the equine skull: Normal anatomy and common pathologies Small animal nuclear medicine Advanced diagnostic imaging of abdominal neoplasia in small animals Translation of abstracts from non-English journals Abstracts from the 2010 EAVDI-BID meeting

The European Association of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging publishes the EAVDI yearbook to provide members with high quality review articles on current topics, translated article abstracts from non-English journals, and original articles. This issue of the EAVDI yearbook is an excellent addition to the library of those interested in small animal advanced imaging including CT, small animal and equine ultrasound, and small animal urinary tract and thoracic radiography. *Getting the Best Results from Urinary Tract Radiography in Small Animal Practice: Avoiding Radiographic and Radiological Pitfalls *Equine Musculoskeletal Ultrasound *New Concepts in Imaging the Canine Adrenal Glands *CT in Thoracic Disease: Complementary or Revolutionary? *Translation of abstracts from non-English journals *Abstracts from the 2012 EAVDI-BID Meeting

Aquaculture is one of the world's fastest growing food production sectors, as fish farming can offers an alternative solution to the increasing market demand for fish and fish protein. The successful productivity of fish depends mainly on water quality which includes the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It is of paramount importance that fish farmers prudent water quality management for optimizing the conditions of water for optimum fish productivity. Therefore, this book will participate to give complete overview on the evaluation of the hygienic quality of water used for different stages of fish production during the production period and investigation the relationship between physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of pond's water and fish performance (growth and survival rates).

Cyanide is widely distributed in the ecosystem and has been linked with lethal effects in animals as well as humans. Cyanide toxicity may be the result of intake from food sources, environmental pollution, intentional ingestion, chemical warfare, occupational exposure, homicide, and sometimes through the use of drugs like nitroprusside and laetrile.Cyanide intake has been linked to central nervous system syndromes and thyroid in animals as well as humans. This book covers the following aspects. 1) cyanogenic potential of various sorghum species. 2) cyanide levels in blood samples of cattle, buffaloes, sheep and goats feeding on cyanogenic plants. 3)new simple, reliable and inexpensive assay to determine CN levels in blood samples. 4)efficacy of various antidotes against cyanide toxicity. 5) effects of cyanide toxicity on hematological and biochemical panel. 6) postmortem lesions and histopathological changes associated with cyanide toxicity in various organs. 6) alterations in tissue oxygenation and metabolic variables during acute cyanide toxicity."

Amy Richards is deathly ill with bulimia, brought on by the death of her brother in the Iraq war. Her father, a doctor, and her mother, a librarian, are frantic. In their desperation, they bring into the household a loving dog named Wendy, leaving Amy in charge of her care during the day. Much to her chagrin, Amy has to get out of bed to let the dog out. When outside, she smells the lilacs and begins to feel that maybe there is something to live for. She attends veterinary classes at her university and discovers that she loves caring for animals despite having to face man's cruelty toward them. When she apprentices in a veterinary office, she gets herself into trouble at a puppy mill and finds her budding career in jeopardy.

To put animals and nature, the Earth's life community, first, and not just our own species, is a new way of thinking. It is a major evolutionary step for Homo sapiens. This book takes the reader beyond the polemics of animal rights and the imperatives of environmental protection into the deeper realms of animal consciousness, the 'empathosphere.' and the healing powers of nature where the call for humane planetary stewardship and enlightened self-interest converge. Written by a veterinarian with doctoral degrees in medicine and animal behavior, and with a lifetime of advocating animal and environmental protection, this book addresses the dictum of Socrates that "a life unexamined is a life unlived." Exploring values, perceptions and beliefs that are embedded historically in our culture from various religious, political, economic and social roots, Animals and Nature First shows why and how this new way of thinking and relating to other living beings is ultimately enlightened self-interest. It is an integral aspect of our recovery, economically, socially, politically and spiritually. Animal well-being and the health of the natural environment are inseparable from the health, well-being and the ultimate fate of humanity.

The fifth volume of memoirs from the author who inspired the BBC and Channel 5 series All Creatures Great and Small. During his decades spent as a country vet in Yorkshire, James Herriot has seen huge advances in medical science, technological leaps, and a world irrevocably changed by war. Yet some things have always stayed the same - gruff farmers, hypochondriac pet owners, and animals that never do quite what you expect them to. From a green young man in his first job in the 1930s, to an experienced veterinary surgeon, married with two children, James has spent his entire career among the people and animals of Darrowby. And there's nowhere else he'd rather be. Since they were first published, James Herriot's memoirs have sold millions of copies and entranced generations of animal lovers. Charming, funny and touching, Every Living Thing is a heart-warming story of determination, love and companionship from one of Britain's best-loved authors. I grew up reading James Herriot's books and I'm delighted that thirty years on, they are still every bit as charming, heartwarming and laugh-out-loud funny as they were then' - Kate Humble

In this second collection by our intrepid vet, Jeff Wells has his work cut out for him when he learns that Ilamas do not take kindly to having their toenails trimmed, dog owners in the medical field can be a real pain, Scottish Highland cattle stick together and just might run a vet out of their enclosure, and fixing an overly amorous burro often needs to be prioritized. We also find out what inspired a young Jeff to become a vet, and how his own pets enrich his life. Told with Wells' trademark humour and gentle touch, these and many other heart-warming, heart-breaking, funny and strange stories will give readers a whole new appreciation for those who care for our pets.

1910. An introductory text to the study of veterinary physiology for the student and practitioner. Contents: The Blood; The Heart; The Blood vessels; Respiration; Digestion; The Liver and Pancreas; Absorption; Ductless Glands and Internal Secretions; The Skin; The Urine; Nutrition; Animal Heat; The Muscular System; The Nervous System; The Senses; The Locomotor Apparatus; The Foot; Generation and Development; Growth, Decay and Death; and The Chemical Constituents of the Body.

Contemporary and challenging, this thought-provoking book outlines a number of the key dilemmas in animal welfare for today's, and tomorrow's, world. The issues discussed range from the welfare of hunted animals, to debates around intensive farming versus sustainability, and the effects of climate and environmental change. The book explores the effects of fences on wild animals and human impacts on carrion animals; the impacts of tourism on animal welfare; philosophical questions about speciesism; and the quality and quantity of animal lives. The welfare impacts of human-animal interactions are explored, including human impacts on marine mammals, fish, wildlife, and companion and farm animals. Animal Welfare in a Changing World provides: Concise, opinion-based views on important issues in animal welfare by world experts and key opinion leaders. Pieces based on experience, which balance evidence-based approaches and the welfare impacts of direct engagement through training, campaigning and education. A wide-ranging collection of examples and descriptions of animal welfare topics which outline dilemmas in the real world, that are sometimes challenging, and not always comfortable reading. This is a 'must-read' book for animal and veterinary scientists, ethologists, policy and opinion leaders, NGOs, conservation biologists and anyone who feels passionately about the welfare of animals

Poultry farming is an emerging industry in world. But now a day it faces many problems. Mycoplasmosis is one of them. It causes a significant thrashing to the poultry industry. By studying this book researchers will easily known about mycoplasmosis problem in broiler farming. The efficacy of tylosin tartrate and tiamulin hydrogen fumarate against mycoplasmosis and their effects on body weight gain of the treated broiler is discussed in this book. This book will also help to researchers who work on pharmacological field.

Wound management is a concern for all health care providers both in animals and humans. The public is currently avoiding the use of Antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance. Aloe vera and honey are among many readily available, inexpensive, naturally-occurring substances that have been used in wound management during the last few decades. Aloe vera grows in a wide variety of climate and the gel can be locally produced and used in households to promote wound healing at a low cost. Honey is readily available, simple to use and effective on wound healing. This book contains some information on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of topical Aloe vera gel, honey and the conventional oxytetracycline (OTe spray on wound healing where guinea pigs were used as experimental animals. Overall results showed that A. vera gel and honey had better effects on wound healing therefore recommended for use in order to reduce the current overuse of antibiotics. Where necessary however, topical antibiotics should be used cautiously with the risk of antibiotic resistance in mind.

The use of artificial reproduction techniques and cryopreservation biotechnology can support species conservation. Gametes and embryos cryopreservation and banks of frozen germplasm can be used in species conservation programs and genetic resource for "in situ" and "ex situ" populations. However, environmental factors, such as type of enclosure, number of animals per enclosure and animal-keeper interactions, therefore stress, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, genetics and behavioral alterations may affect semen and oocytes quality in order to be important for successful feline reproduction in captivity. This book describes the first assessment of ovarian, ultrastructural, immunological and hormonal responses in nondomestic cats (Leopardus pardalis and Leopardus tigrinus) treated with alternating exogenous gonadotropin regimens. These findings are potentially valuable for our ongoing efforts to develop and apply assisted reproduction technologies to the management and conservation of endangered felid populations.

Recent interest in how poultry are housed and managed in order to ensure profitability, sustainability, and good levels of animal welfare, are challenging issues that commercial poultry keepers face, particularly where legislation is bringing about legal requirements for housing. This book compares and contrasts alternative housing with conventional and traditional systems for commercial poultry (laying hens, meat chickens, turkeys, waterfowl and gamebirds) with regards to welfare, disease, health, nutrition, sustainability and genotype-environment interaction.

The rst goal of the livestock production is the delivery of safe foods for human consumption taking into account the welfare of the animal and respect for the environment. The poultry industry has become an important economic activity in many countries. In large-scale rearing facilities, where poultry are exposed to stressful conditions, problems related to diseases and deterioration of environmental conditions often occur and result in serious economic losses. Prevention and control of diseases have led during recent decades to a substantial increase in the use of veterinary medicines. However, the utility of antimicrobial agents as a preventive measure has been questioned, given extensive documentation of the evolution of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria. So, the possibility of antibiotics ceasing to be used as growth stimulants for poultry and the concern about the side-effects of their use as therapeutic agents has produced a climate in which both consumer and manufacturer are looking for alternatives. Probiotics are being considered to fill this gap and already some farmers are using them in preference to antibiotics.

Large numbers of pets die or become sick before their time despite the best efforts of veterinarians. I believe that much of this has to do with hormonal imbalances that deregulate the immune system of animals, undermining their natural protection against illness and thus robbing them of good health and normal longevity. Many "end of the line animals" have been referred to me during my clinical practice. Their owners had been told that euthanasia was the only humane option left for their beloved pets. In some very advanced cases, those with permanent, irreversible damage having been caused, this has been true; but in a vast majority of situations there is hope for restoring these animals to good health because now there is a solution. Many years ago as a young practitioner, I tried to figure out why so many patients were getting sick and not responding to standard treatments. My clinical work led me to a major hormone base immune system disturbance that begins in the adrenal glands and goes on to create a ripple effect throughout the body's physiology. The conditions I was successfully treating were ranging from common allergies to reproductive failure to catastrophic autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through my clinical work over the years identifying and correcting this endocrine system based problem, I have developed a successful diagnostic and treatment protocol that has helped thousands of patients not only in my own clinic but also in many other veterinary clinics throughout the world.

This book presents current research in the study of livestock, with a particular focus on livestock rearing, farming practices and associated diseases. Topics discussed include a new generation of dietary supplements with microelements for livestock; pastoralism and the changing climate in northern Kenya; Bangladesh poultry sector; parasitic diseases in livestock under different farming practices; salmonella and salmonellosis in animals and humans; bovine tuberculosis at the human-animal interface and anthelmintic resistance.

Participatory epidemiology is a branch of veterinary epidemiology that uses a combination of practitioner communication skills and participatory methods to involve animal keepers in the analysis of animal disease problems, and the design, implementation and evaluation of veterinary programmes and policies. Much of the early development of participatory epidemiology occurred in remote areas of Africa, where conventional veterinary services were limited, but where pastoralists possessed rich indigenous knowledge on animal diseases. This book presents some of the early studies on participatory epidemiology in East Africa, and assesses the validity and reliability of the approach by comparing information derived from adapted participatory methods with conventional veterinary investigation and epidemiological information. Field research with pastoralist communities in South Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania is described, covering cattle diseases such as "chronic wasting," trypanosomiasis, and foot and mouth disease. These validation studies demonstrated why participatory epidemiology was an important approach for improving livestock disease control and human welfare in resource-poor settings.

The present research was conducted to investigate the impacts of oxytocin injection on lactating buffaloes. One group of buffaloes was injected with 30 IU of oxytocin at each milking, while second group was kept as control without any treatment. A significant higher level (P 0.01) of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, total proteins and CRP was found in oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The serum total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were found to be significantly higher and lower respectively in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The overall mean serum PON1 and arylesterase concentration was significantly lower while malondialdehyde, total homocysteine and ceruloplasmin was increased significantly in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The liver enzymes like serum AST and ALT concentration did increase significantly in the oxytocin treated group. Serum T3, estradiol and progesterone was significantly (P 0.05) high in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. Long use of oxytocin did effect the serum composition and animal health.

Allan Fredrickson grew up in Southwestern Manitoba, Canada and attended the college of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Minnesota. Upon graduation he accepted an associate position in a mixed animal, full service veterinary hospital in Mount Vernon, Washington. He has four grown children and lives with his wife Barbara in Mount Vernon.

When Dr. Friedson approached the horse he ran his hand along the neck under the mane then down her face and over her nose. He reached up and felt her ears. He slowly slid his hand into her mouth and gently wrapped his hand around her tongue.

On the morning Snoot was to be taken from his friends, Alton took him to a quiet spot in the woods behind the duck pond to play together and have time to say goodbye. As he scratched the pig's belly, snoot looked up at him and grunted as if he understood every word that was being said.

When Rachel walked in in she couldn't believe her eyes. Mrs. Martin was pressed right against the wall with her daughter lying on the floor between her legs. Dr. Friedson had the dog cradled in his arms protecting the large injury along its back. Dr. Friedson had seen many gruesome sights during his time in practice but this was the worst wire cut he had been called to treat. The fright and pain of the horse, the massive destruction of tissue, and the anguish and anxiety of the owners, was overwhelming.