Amy Richards is deathly ill with bulimia, brought on by the death of her brother in the Iraq war. Her father, a doctor, and her mother, a librarian, are frantic. In their desperation, they bring into the household a loving dog named Wendy, leaving Amy in charge of her care during the day. Much to her chagrin, Amy has to get out of bed to let the dog out. When outside, she smells the lilacs and begins to feel that maybe there is something to live for. She attends veterinary classes at her university and discovers that she loves caring for animals despite having to face man's cruelty toward them. When she apprentices in a veterinary office, she gets herself into trouble at a puppy mill and finds her budding career in jeopardy.

Participatory epidemiology is a branch of veterinary epidemiology that uses a combination of practitioner communication skills and participatory methods to involve animal keepers in the analysis of animal disease problems, and the design, implementation and evaluation of veterinary programmes and policies. Much of the early development of participatory epidemiology occurred in remote areas of Africa, where conventional veterinary services were limited, but where pastoralists possessed rich indigenous knowledge on animal diseases. This book presents some of the early studies on participatory epidemiology in East Africa, and assesses the validity and reliability of the approach by comparing information derived from adapted participatory methods with conventional veterinary investigation and epidemiological information. Field research with pastoralist communities in South Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania is described, covering cattle diseases such as "chronic wasting," trypanosomiasis, and foot and mouth disease. These validation studies demonstrated why participatory epidemiology was an important approach for improving livestock disease control and human welfare in resource-poor settings.

In this second collection by our intrepid vet, Jeff Wells has his work cut out for him when he learns that Ilamas do not take kindly to having their toenails trimmed, dog owners in the medical field can be a real pain, Scottish Highland cattle stick together and just might run a vet out of their enclosure, and fixing an overly amorous burro often needs to be prioritized. We also find out what inspired a young Jeff to become a vet, and how his own pets enrich his life. Told with Wells' trademark humour and gentle touch, these and many other heart-warming, heart-breaking, funny and strange stories will give readers a whole new appreciation for those who care for our pets.

An utmost try has been made to full fill the modern requirements of the Procedures in Veterinary Entomology but still there is paucity of knowledge and literature regarding the understanding of insects anatomy, staining behavior, prevalence, feeding behaviors, location of suitable host, seasonal variations, vector role for various diseases of public health and zoonotic importance and periodicity. This manual will be helpful to the field Veterinarians, to the Graduates and Under Graduates, Veterinary Entomologists, Forensic Entomologists, to the Researchers and to the students of Veterinary Sciences. By any means, author does not claim perfectness and completeness of the manuscript. Any suggestion or recommendations for the improvement of the work will be highly obliged. Author, however, recommends the manual to be used as ready reference at teaching institutions, research institutions or at Diagnostic laboratories of Veterinary and Medical imporatnce public sector or in government sector.

Poultry farming is an emerging industry in world. But now a day it faces many problems. Mycoplasmosis is one of them. It causes a significant thrashing to the poultry industry. By studying this book researchers will easily known about mycoplasmosis problem in broiler farming. The efficacy of tylosin tartrate and tiamulin hydrogen fumarate against mycoplasmosis and their effects on body weight gain of the treated broiler is discussed in this book. This book will also help to researchers who work on pharmacological field.

The use of artificial reproduction techniques and cryopreservation biotechnology can support species conservation. Gametes and embryos cryopreservation and banks of frozen germplasm can be used in species conservation programs and genetic resource for "in situ" and "ex situ" populations. However, environmental factors, such as type of enclosure, number of animals per enclosure and animal-keeper interactions, therefore stress, diseases, nutritional deficiencies, genetics and behavioral alterations may affect semen and oocytes quality in order to be important for successful feline reproduction in captivity. This book describes the first assessment of ovarian, ultrastructural, immunological and hormonal responses in nondomestic cats (Leopardus pardalis and Leopardus tigrinus) treated with alternating exogenous gonadotropin regimens. These findings are potentially valuable for our ongoing efforts to develop and apply assisted reproduction technologies to the management and conservation of endangered felid populations.

The rst goal of the livestock production is the delivery of safe foods for human consumption taking into account the welfare of the animal and respect for the environment. The poultry industry has become an important economic activity in many countries. In large-scale rearing facilities, where poultry are exposed to stressful conditions, problems related to diseases and deterioration of environmental conditions often occur and result in serious economic losses. Prevention and control of diseases have led during recent decades to a substantial increase in the use of veterinary medicines. However, the utility of antimicrobial agents as a preventive measure has been questioned, given extensive documentation of the evolution of antimicrobial resistance among pathogenic bacteria. So, the possibility of antibiotics ceasing to be used as growth stimulants for poultry and the concern about the side-effects of their use as therapeutic agents has produced a climate in which both consumer and manufacturer are looking for alternatives. Probiotics are being considered to fill this gap and already some farmers are using them in preference to antibiotics.

This book presents current research in the study of livestock, with a particular focus on livestock rearing, farming practices and associated diseases. Topics discussed include a new generation of dietary supplements with microelements for livestock; pastoralism and the changing climate in northern Kenya; Bangladesh poultry sector; parasitic diseases in livestock under different farming practices; salmonella and salmonellosis in animals and humans; bovine tuberculosis at the human-animal interface and anthelmintic resistance.

Wound management is a concern for all health care providers both in animals and humans. The public is currently avoiding the use of Antibiotics due to antibiotic resistance. Aloe vera and honey are among many readily available, inexpensive, naturally-occurring substances that have been used in wound management during the last few decades. Aloe vera grows in a wide variety of climate and the gel can be locally produced and used in households to promote wound healing at a low cost. Honey is readily available, simple to use and effective on wound healing. This book contains some information on the comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of topical Aloe vera gel, honey and the conventional oxytetracycline (OTe spray on wound healing where guinea pigs were used as experimental animals. Overall results showed that A. vera gel and honey had better effects on wound healing therefore recommended for use in order to reduce the current overuse of antibiotics. Where necessary however, topical antibiotics should be used cautiously with the risk of antibiotic resistance in mind.

Aquaculture is one of the world's fastest growing food production sectors, as fish farming can offers an alternative solution to the increasing market demand for fish and fish protein. The successful productivity of fish depends mainly on water quality which includes the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water. It is of paramount importance that fish farmers prudent water quality management for optimizing the conditions of water for optimum fish productivity. Therefore, this book will participate to give complete overview on the evaluation of the hygienic quality of water used for different stages of fish production during the production period and investigation the relationship between physical, chemical and bacteriological quality of pond's water and fish performance (growth and survival rates).

Large numbers of pets die or become sick before their time despite the best efforts of veterinarians. I believe that much of this has to do with hormonal imbalances that deregulate the immune system of animals, undermining their natural protection against illness and thus robbing them of good health and normal longevity. Many "end of the line animals" have been referred to me during my clinical practice. Their owners had been told that euthanasia was the only humane option left for their beloved pets. In some very advanced cases, those with permanent, irreversible damage having been caused, this has been true; but in a vast majority of situations there is hope for restoring these animals to good health because now there is a solution. Many years ago as a young practitioner, I tried to figure out why so many patients were getting sick and not responding to standard treatments. My clinical work led me to a major hormone base immune system disturbance that begins in the adrenal glands and goes on to create a ripple effect throughout the body's physiology. The conditions I was successfully treating were ranging from common allergies to reproductive failure to catastrophic autoimmune diseases and cancer. Through my clinical work over the years identifying and correcting this endocrine system based problem, I have developed a successful diagnostic and treatment protocol that has helped thousands of patients not only in my own clinic but also in many other veterinary clinics throughout the world.

The present research was conducted to investigate the impacts of oxytocin injection on lactating buffaloes. One group of buffaloes was injected with 30 IU of oxytocin at each milking, while second group was kept as control without any treatment. A significant higher level (P 0.01) of glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, total proteins and CRP was found in oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The serum total oxidant status and total antioxidant status were found to be significantly higher and lower respectively in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The overall mean serum PON1 and arylesterase concentration was significantly lower while malondialdehyde, total homocysteine and ceruloplasmin was increased significantly in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. The liver enzymes like serum AST and ALT concentration did increase significantly in the oxytocin treated group. Serum T3, estradiol and progesterone was significantly (P 0.05) high in the oxytocin injected lactating buffaloes. Long use of oxytocin did effect the serum composition and animal health.

Allan Fredrickson grew up in Southwestern Manitoba, Canada and attended the college of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Minnesota. Upon graduation he accepted an associate position in a mixed animal, full service veterinary hospital in Mount Vernon, Washington. He has four grown children and lives with his wife Barbara in Mount Vernon.

When Dr. Friedson approached the horse he ran his hand along the neck under the mane then down her face and over her nose. He reached up and felt her ears. He slowly slid his hand into her mouth and gently wrapped his hand around her tongue.

On the morning Snoot was to be taken from his friends, Alton took him to a quiet spot in the woods behind the duck pond to play together and have time to say goodbye. As he scratched the pig's belly, snoot looked up at him and grunted as if he understood every word that was being said.

When Rachel walked in in she couldn't believe her eyes. Mrs. Martin was pressed right against the wall with her daughter lying on the floor between her legs. Dr. Friedson had the dog cradled in his arms protecting the large injury along its back. Dr. Friedson had seen many gruesome sights during his time in practice but this was the worst wire cut he had been called to treat. The fright and pain of the horse, the massive destruction of tissue, and the anguish and anxiety of the owners, was overwhelming.

Lactating Nili-Ravi Buffaloes were injected rbST (500 mg/16 day) to observe effect on milk production, composition, physiological profile, minerals of serum, milk and mammary health biomarkers. Respiration rate was significantly high after day 1 of first injection and low during days 24, 28 and 32 of second injection irrespective of their groups. Overall mean ESR, neutrophils percent decreased and lymphocytes percent increased significantly in bST treated as compared to control buffaloes. The overall increase in milk production was 9.31% from bST treated buffaloes. Overall mean milk lactose increased significantly and milk fat was 1.03% higher (P 0.05) in bST treated buffaloes. Milk calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride and phosphorus increased significantly. Serum calcium and sodium did increase (P 0.05) while magnesium, potassium, chloride, and phosphorus did decrease (P 0.05) in bST injected buffaloes. A significant increase in milk plasminogen and a decrease in milk plasmin was observed in bST treated buffaloes. Serum ALT, paraoxonase, MDA were significantly high and alkaline phosphatase and the AOS decreased significantly in bST injected buffaloes.

This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar held in Ghent, Belgium on October 11th-13th 1977, under the auspices of the Commission of the European Communities, as part of the EEC programme of co-ordination of research on beef production. The seminar was initiated by the scientific working group on 'Carcass and Meat Quality' and attracted the interest of the working groups on 'Genetics and Selection' and on 'Nutrition and Management'. Consequently it developed into a multi-disciplinary programme, organised under the responsibility of the working group on Carcass and Meat Quality. This group comprised Ir. H. de Boer (Chairman), Netherlands; Prof. R. Boccard, France; Dr D.E. Hood, Ireland; Dr R.W. Pomeroy, UK; Dr A. Romita, Italy; Professor Dr L. Sch~n, Fed. Rep. of Germany; Mr P. L'Hermite, CEC; and Dr J.C. Tayler, UK (adviser to the CEC). In view of the broad scope of the subject, a special plan ning meeting was organised, involvi.ng experts from the different disciplines involved. The additional participants were: Dr B. Bech Andersen, Denmarkj Dr A.J.H. van Es, Netherlands; Prof. Dr J. Martin, Belgium; Dr. St.C.S. Taylor, UK. The multidisciplinary scope of this ~eminar follows a series of seminars in 1975-76 on more specific aspects of beef production research in the individual fields involved. It seems logical that further seminars should integrate the approaches by different disciplin~s in order to achieve a balanced programme of research on the very complex topic of beef production.

This publication contains the proceedings of a Seminar on 'The Mucosal Immune System' held by the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) at the University of Bristol. School of Veterinary Science. Langford. Bristol on September 9th - 11th. 1960. The seminar formed part of the CEC programme of co-ordinated agricultural research on Protection of the Young Animal against Perinatal Disease and was organised by Professor F.J. Bourne and his colleagues Dr. T.J. Newby and Dr. C.R. Stokes. The Proceedings were edited by the organisers assisted by Janssen Services. 33a High Street. Chislehurst. Kent and provide an authoritative and up-to-date account of this rapidly moving research area. Serious economic loss from diseases of mucosal surfaces - particularly the enteric and respiratory tracts - occurs in young farm animals throughout the EEC. Protection against these diseases is based on an understanding of their epidemiology including host defence mechanisms. Mucosal vaccines have in the main given disappointing field results with. however. some notable exceptions. This seminar rationalises methods used to stimulate mucosal immune defence and indicates likely areas for future research and development. The CEC wishes to thank the organisers and the participants who con tributed to the success of the seminar. OPENING SESSION Chairman F.J. Bourne 3 OPENING REMARKS F.J. Bourne On behalf of the University of Bristol and the European Economic Community my colleagues and I welcome you to the Langford Veterinary School.

In recent years several "new" infectious agenLs have been associated with neonatal diarrhoea in both calves and pigs. Furthermore, important additional information has become available as regards enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infec- tions in both species. Although still much has to be learned, it is likely that in many field cases differnt agents act in concert. Therefore an integrated approach to the problem of neonatal diarrhoea appears to be necessary, particularly in the field research. Such an approach requires a series of diagnostic techniques. The purpose of this meeting was to bring together a limited number of scientists that are actively involved in neonatal diarrhoea research, in order to discuss present knowledge and to produce proceedings containing review articles, new developments and laboratory manuals of relevant diagnostic techniques. x This publication constitutes a collection of scientific pa- pers and laboratory manuals on diagnostic techniques for en- teropathogenic agents in neonatal diarrhoea in calves and pigs, presented and discussed during a workshop in the EEC Program- me of Coordination of Agricultural Research on Protection of the Young Animal against Perinatal Diseases, held at the Central Veterinary Institute, Department of Virology, Lely- stad, the Netherlands, June 3-5, 1980. VIRAL AGENTS ASSOCIA1ED WIlli NEONATAL DIARRHOEA AND TIlEIR DE1ECTION BY ELECTRON MICROSCOPY M. S. McNulty, W. 1. Curran and J. B. McFerran Veterinary Research Laboratories, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, N. Ireland ABSTRACT Simple techniques for diagnosis of enteric viral infections by direct electron microscopy of faeces are described.

Not so many years ago little attention was paid to non-parasitic respiratory diseases of cattle because they seemed of minor importance. However, in the past twenty years, as the number of cattle kept on any farm unit increased under economic pressures, there has been a concomitant rise in the prevalence of respiratory illness. Investigations into cattle respiratory diseases have become a significant part of the research effort in most countries of Europe. Initially much work went into finding, like the alchemist's stone, the orgdnism responsible for causing cattle respiratory disease. Many viruses were isolated and over the years a long list of those recovered from the respiratory tract of cattle has been prepared. Unfortunately, few of these viruses on their own are recognised as proven pathogens and no single virus provides the complete aetiological answer to bovine respiratory disease. More recently, perhaps in despair, g~eater attention has been directed to the role of mycoplasma and, additionally. a revival of interest has taken place in the significant part played by bacteria in the later stages of res piratory disease. Now, phrases such as "multifactorial disease" are being commonly used to describe the complex situation with respiratory disease.

Aujeszky's disease (AD) is increasing in Europe and it has become a serious problem in some of the countries of the European Communities (EC). The control and eradication of the disease is very difficult since AD virus (ADV) evokes a persistant latent infection in its main host, the pig. Such latent infection can also occur when vaccinated pigs are exposed to the virus. In view of this, the Commission of the European Communities (CEC) thought it necessary to have a survey on the current state of knowledge on AD and ADV. Therefore, a seminar was organised by the Federal Research Institute for Animal Virus Diseases in Tubingen, Federal Republic of Germany, and held there on June 9 and 10, 1981. The seminar was a part of the 'Animal Pathology Programme' of the CEC. The seminar was attended by 44 participants from the countries of the EC, and 29 papers were presented which covered a wide field of research on AD: properties of the virus, diagnostic procedures, immunity and pathogenesis, vaccination, latent infection, epidemiology, control and eradication. Scientists from differ ent institutes in the EC who have been working on AD thus had the oppor tunity to exchange their knowledge as well as to give and receive impetus for further scientific work. Furthermore, many details were given which are of interest for the veterinary authorities with regard to control and eradication of AD.

To put animals and nature, the Earth's life community, first, and not just our own species, is a new way of thinking. It is a major evolutionary step for Homo sapiens. This book takes the reader beyond the polemics of animal rights and the imperatives of environmental protection into the deeper realms of animal consciousness, the 'empathosphere.' and the healing powers of nature where the call for humane planetary stewardship and enlightened self-interest converge. Written by a veterinarian with doctoral degrees in medicine and animal behavior, and with a lifetime of advocating animal and environmental protection, this book addresses the dictum of Socrates that "a life unexamined is a life unlived." Exploring values, perceptions and beliefs that are embedded historically in our culture from various religious, political, economic and social roots, Animals and Nature First shows why and how this new way of thinking and relating to other living beings is ultimately enlightened self-interest. It is an integral aspect of our recovery, economically, socially, politically and spiritually. Animal well-being and the health of the natural environment are inseparable from the health, well-being and the ultimate fate of humanity.

This research addressed two important issues concerning conservation of orang-utans in Indonesia, the prevalence of diseases in orang-utans at reintroduction centres and the extent of intra-subspecific genetic variation between isolated populations of Bornean orang-utans. The research was conducted at the Wanariset Orang-utan Reintroduction Centre in East Kalimantan from 1994 to 1997, and at the Biomedical Primate Research Centre in the Netherlands in 1998. Studies were designed to identify and determine the prevalence of diseases, specifically gastro-intestinal parasites, tuberculosis and certain viral diseases. Further studies defined the factors associated with mortalities of orang-utans at the reintroduction centre. A molecular study using mitochondrial DNA was undertaken to determine whether there was significant genetic diversity between six isolated populations of wild orang-utans within Borneo. It was concluded that there are at least four genetically distinct populations of Bornean orang-utans. The findings of this research are discussed in terms of the implications for management policies for reintroduction centres, as well as for the conservation of wild populations.

1910. An introductory text to the study of veterinary physiology for the student and practitioner. Contents: The Blood; The Heart; The Blood vessels; Respiration; Digestion; The Liver and Pancreas; Absorption; Ductless Glands and Internal Secretions; The Skin; The Urine; Nutrition; Animal Heat; The Muscular System; The Nervous System; The Senses; The Locomotor Apparatus; The Foot; Generation and Development; Growth, Decay and Death; and The Chemical Constituents of the Body.

Aseptic arthritis of the knee joint was induced in 12 healthy donkeys, weighing 60 to 85kg by intra- articular injection of 0.3ml of turpentine oil. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups A and B of 6 animals each. Group A served as a control whereas in Group B anti-arthritic drug, diclofenac sodium (Diclocare 5%) was administered intramuscularly at the dose rate of 2.5mg/kg body weight daily for 5-6 days starting one day after the induction of arthritis. In group B, the joint circumference became normal on 6th day after induction of arthritis while in group A (control), the joint circumference took 16 to 20 days to become normal. According to this trial, diclofenac sodium provided an early return to normal stance and weight bearing in treated group B, taking longer time in control group A. No significant change in blood Haemoglobin, Total erythrocyte count, Total leukocyte count, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Packed cell volume was observed in control and treated animals. It is concluded that diclofenac sodium is an effective treatment for arthritis in donkeys.