This book grants the reader a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in system-level memory management (data transfer and storage) related issues for complex data-dominated real-time signal and data processing applications. The authors introduce their own system-level data transfer and storage exploration methodology for data-dominated video applications. This methodology tackles the power and area reduction cost components in the architecture for this target domain, namely the system-level busses and the background memories. For the most critical tasks in the methodology, prototype tools have been developed to reduce the design time. The approach is also very heavily application-driven which is illustrated by several realistic demonstrators, partly used as red-thread examples in the book. The quite general applicability and effectiveness has been substantiated for several industrial data-dominated applications, including H.263 video conferencing decoding and medical computer tomography (CT) back projection. To the researcher the book will serve as an excellent reference source, both for the overall description of the methodology and for the detailed descriptions of the system-level methodologies and synthesis techniques and algorithms. To the design engineers and CAD managers it offers an invaluable insight into the anticipated evolution of commercially available design tools as well as allowing them to utilize the book's concepts in their own research and development.

Grid Resource Management: State of the Art and Future Trends presents an overview of the state of the field and describes both the real experiences and the current research available today. Grid computing is a rapidly developing and changing field, involving the shared and coordinated use of dynamic, multi-institutional resources. Grid resource management is the process of identifying requirements, matching resources to applications, allocating those resources, and scheduling and monitoring Grid resources over time in order to run Grid applications as efficiently as possible.
While Grids have become almost commonplace, the use of good Grid resource management tools is far from ubiquitous because of the many open issues of the field, including the multiple layers of schedulers, the lack of control over resources, the fact that resources are shared, and that users and administrators have conflicting performance goals. These are the issues addressed in this book, in addition to elucidating the overlap with related areas including discussions of work with peer-to-peer computing, economic approaches, and operations research.
Grid Resource Management: State of the Art and Future Trends is an invaluable resource for today's user, application developer, or resource owners when working with Grid resource management systems.

Text mining is an exciting application ?eld and an area of scienti?c - search that is currently under rapid development. It uses techniques from well-established scienti?c ?elds (e. g. data mining, machine learning, infor- tion retrieval, natural language processing, case-based reasoning, statistics and knowledge management) in an e?ort to help people gain insight, und- stand and interpret large quantities of (usually) semi-structured and unstr- tured data. Despite the advances made during the last few years, many issues remain unresolved. Proper co-ordination activities, dissemination of current trends and standardisation of the procedures have been identi?ed, as key needs. There are many questions still unanswered, especially to the potential users; what is the scope of Text Mining, who uses it and for what purpose, what constitutes the leading trends in the ?eld of Text Mining - especially in relation to IT - and whether there still remain areas to be covered. Knowledge Mining draws upon many of the key concepts of knowledge management, data mining and knowledge discovery, meta-analysis and data visualization. Within the context of scienti?c research, knowledge mining is principally concerned with the quantitative synthesis and visualization of - search results and ?ndings. The results of knowledge mining are increased scienti?c understanding along with improvements in research quality and value. Knowledge mining products can be used to highlight research opportunities, assist with the p- sentation of "best" scienti?c evidence, facilitate research portfolio mana- ment, as well as, facilitate policy setting and decision making.

Short turnaround has become critical in the design of electronic systems. Software- programmable components such as microprocessors and digital signal processors have been used extensively in such systems since they allow rapid design revisions. However, the inherent performance limitations of software-programmable systems mean that they are inadequate for high-performance designs. Designers thus turned to gate arrays as a solution. User-programmable gate arrays (field-programmable gate arrays, FPGAs) have recently emerged and are changing the way electronic systems are designed and implemented. The growing complexity of the logic circuits that can be packed onto an FPGA chip means that it has become important to have automatic synthesis tools that implement logic functions on these architectures. Logic Synthesis for Field-Programmable Gate Arrays describes logic synthesis for both look-up table (LUT) and multiplexor-based architectures, with a balanced presentation of existing techniques together with algorithms and the system developed by the authors. Audience: A useful reference for VLSI designers, developers of computer-aided design tools, and anyone involved in or with FPGAs.

Developing software for current and especially for future architectures will require knowledge about parallel programming techniques of applications and library p- grammers. Multi-core processors are already available today, and processors with a dozen and more cores are on the horizon. The major driving force in hardware development, the game industry, has - ready shown interest in using parallel programming paradigms, such as OpenMP for further developments. Therefore developers have to be supported in the even more complex task of programming for these new architectures. HLRS has a long-lasting tradition of providing its user community with the most up-to-date software tools. Additionally, important research and development projects are worked on at the center: among the software packages developed are the MPI correctness checker Marmot, the OpenMP validation suite and the M- implementations PACX-MPI and Open MPI. All of these software packages are - ing extended in the context of German and European community research projects, such as ParMA, the InterActive European Grid (I2G) project and the German C- laborative Research Center (Sonderforschungsbereich 716). Furthermore, ind- trial collaborations, i.e. with Intel and Microsoft allow HLRS to get its software production-grade ready. In April 2007, a European project on Parallel Programming for Multi-core - chitectures, in short ParMA was launched, with a major focus on providing and developing tools for parallel programming.

Application Specific Processors is written for use by engineers who are developing specialized systems (application specific systems). Traditionally, most high performance signal processors have been realized with application specific processors. The explanation is that application specific processors can be tailored to exactly match the (usually very demanding) application requirements. The result is that no processing power' is wasted for unnecessary capabilities and maximum performance is achieved. A disadvantage is that such processors have been expensive to design since each is a unique design that is customized to the specific application. In the last decade, computer-aided design systems have been developed to facilitate the development of application specific integrated circuits. The success of such ASIC CAD systems suggests that it should be possible to streamline the process of application specific processor design. Application Specific Processors consists of eight chapters which provide a mixture of techniques and examples that relate to application specific processing. The inclusion of techniques is expected to suggest additional research and to assist those who are faced with the requirement to implement efficient application specific processors. The examples illustrate the application of the concepts and demonstrate the efficiency that can be achieved via application specific processors. The chapters were written by members and former members of the application specific processing group at the University of Texas at Austin. The first five chapters relate to specific arithmetic which often is the key to achieving high performance in application specific processors. The next two chapters focus on signal processing systems, and the final chapter examines the interconnection of possibly disparate elements to create systems.

This book collects, for the first time in one volume, contributions honoring Professor Raymond Smullyan's work on self-reference. It serves not only as a tribute to one of the great thinkers in logic, but also as a celebration of self-reference in general, to be enjoyed by all lovers of this field. Raymond Smullyan, mathematician, philosopher, musician and inventor of logic puzzles, made a lasting impact on the study of mathematical logic; accordingly, this book spans the many personalities through which Professor Smullyan operated, offering extensions and re-evaluations of his academic work on self-reference, applying self-referential logic to art and nature, and lastly, offering new puzzles designed to communicate otherwise esoteric concepts in mathematical logic, in the manner for which Professor Smullyan was so well known. This book is suitable for students, scholars and logicians who are interested in learning more about Raymond Smullyan's work and life.

E-government research has flourished as a way of disseminating information and providing services to citizens ever since the popularization of the Internet. Although there have been tremendous advancements in the world of e-government, critical evaluations on the effectiveness of such methods have yet to be determined. Citizens and E-Government: Evaluating Policy and Management examines the role that citizens play in the development of electronic government or e-government, specifically focusing on the impact of e-government and citizens while exploring issues of policy and management. This book not only focuses on the adoption of e-government and its impact on citizens, but it also discusses the effectiveness of this technology as a way of improving citizen access and engagement with their government. Overall, this book is essential for those interested in the importance of citizens in information technology adoption and development of electronic government.

Written by one of the founding fathers of Quantum Information, this book gives an accessible (albeit mathematically rigorous), self-contained introduction to quantum information theory. The central role is played by the concept of quantum channel and its entropic and information characteristics. In this revised edition, the main results have been updated to reflect the most recent developments in this very active field of research.

The Dynamics of Control provides a carefully integrated development of the mathematical connections between nonlinear control, dynamical systems, and time-varying perturbed systems for scientists and engineers. The central theme is the notion of control flow with its global dynamics and linearization presented in detail.

The book's scope is comprehensive and includes global theory of dynamical systems under time-varying perturbations, global and local dynamics of control systems, connections between control systems and dynamical systems and the relevant numerical methods for global dynamics, linearization, and stability. Topics are developed with a diverse and extensive selection of applied problems from control and dynamical systems.

Topics and Features:

* complete coverage of unified theory of control flows

* wide array of motivating problems from control and dynamical systems to appeal to mathematicians, scientists, and engineers

* relevant motivation and a listing of important definitions and results at the beginning of each chapter

* a compilation of essential background information in four appendices: nonlinear geometric control, topological theory of dynamical systems, computations of reachable sets, and numerical solution of Hamiltona "Jacobia "Belman equations

* discussion of numerical methods

This new text and self-study reference guide is an excellent resource for the foundations and applications of control theory and nonlinear dynamics. All graduates, practitioners, and professionals in control theory, dynamical systems, perturbation theory, engineering, physics, and nonlinear dynamics will find the book a rich source of ideas, methods, andapplications.

Global software development and productivity related technologies are the key to today's globalization with new technologies and concepts being developed continually. In such an ever-evolving environment, teachers, researchers, and professionals in the discipline need access to the most current information about the concepts, issues, trends, and technologies in this emerging field. ""The Handbook of Research on Software Engineering and Productivity Technologies: Implications of Globalization"" provides an authoritative collection of international research on software engineering and enterprise systems. Presenting unique coverage of topics such as agile software engineering, requirements traceability, and distributed software development, this Handbook of Research offers an innovative repository of knowledge useful to academicians, practitioners, and researchers in various related fields.

Despite the fact that Maple V has become one of the most popular computer algebra systems on the market, surprisingly few users realize its potential in the field of scientific visualization. The purpose of this book is to equip the reader with a variety of graphics tools needed on the voyage of discovery into the complex and often beautiful world of curves and surfaces. A comprehensive treatment of Maple's graphics commands and structures is combined with an introduction to the main aspects of visual perception. Top priority is given to the use of light, color, perspective, and geometric transformations. Numerous examples, accompanied by pictures (many in color), cover all aspects of Maple graphics. The examples can be easily customized to suit the individual needs of the reader. The approach is context independent, and as such will appeal to students, educators, and researchers in a broad spectrum of scientific disciplines. For the general user at any level of experience, this book can serve as a comprehensive reference manual. For the beginner, it offers a user- friendly elementary introduction to the subject, with mathematical requirements kept to a minimum. For those interested in advanced mathematical visualization, it explains how to maximize Maple's graphical capabilities. In particular, this book shows how to turn Maple into an excellent modeling tool capable of generating elaborate surfaces that conventional modelers cannot produce. These surfaces can be exported to an external ray tracer (e.g. POV-ray) for sophisticated photo-realistic rendering. All of the Maple code segments which are presented in the book, as well as high-resolution pictures showing alternative renderingsof some of the book's color plates, are included on the accompanying DOS diskette.

In Finite Element Analysis of Electrical Machines the author covers two-dimensional analysis, emphasizing the use of finite elements to perform the most common calculations required of machine designers and analysts. The book explains what is inside a finite element program, and how the finite element method can be used to determine the behavior of electrical machines. The material is tutorial and includes several completely worked out examples. The main illustrative examples are synchronous and induction machines. The methods described have been used successfully in the design and analysis of most types of rotating and linear machines. Audience: A valuable reference source for academic researchers, practitioners and designers of electrical machinery.

Hardbound. Research in Philosophy and Technology: Volume 19 advances philosophical reflections on technology through a focus on metaphysical and epistemological issues. The contributors employ the resources of both the phenomenological and analytical traditions of contemporary philosophy in their work.Contributions include general proposals for the reform of the philosophy of technology; examinations of the work of major philosophers including Wittgenstein, Heidegger, Jonas, Ihde, and Merleau-Ponty; an extended argument for a more careful delineation of the difference between science and technology; a new analysis of the concept of efficiency; extended studies of the fate of skill in the information age and the place of the body in virtual reality.Themed review essays and general reviews complement the chapters.

Since its establishment in 1998, Microsoft Research Asia's trademark and long term commitment has been to foster innovative research and advanced education in the Asia-Pacific region. Through open collaboration and partnership with universities, government and other academic partners, MSRA has been consistently advancing the state-of-the-art in computer science. This book was compiled to record these outstanding collaborations, as Microsoft Research Asia celebrates its 10th Anniversary.

The selected papers are all authored or co-authored by faculty members or students through collaboration with MSRA lab researchers, or with the financial support of MSRA. Papers previously published in top-tier international conference proceedings and journals are compiled here into one accessible volume of outstanding research. Innovation Together highlights the outstanding work of Microsoft Research Asia as it celebrates ten years of achievement and looks forward to the next decade of success.

Technologic and virtual development is growing, creating an environment of online gaming that can be used as an effective and motivational instrument for math didactics in education. Simulation and Gaming for Mathematical Education: Epistemology and Teaching Strategies provides leading research on ways for various learning environments to be created referring to math didactics through redefinition and reassessment of teaching experiences. A defining collection of field advancements, this publication gradually leads readers through the steps of planning innovative strategies in math education.

This book constitutes Part III of the refereed four-volume post-conference proceedings of the 4th IFIP TC 12 International Conference on Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture, CCTA 2010, held in Nanchang, China, in October 2010. The 352 revised papers presented were carefully selected from numerous submissions. They cover a wide range of interesting theories and applications of information technology in agriculture, including simulation models and decision-support systems for agricultural production, agricultural product quality testing, traceability and e-commerce technology, the application of information and communication technology in agriculture, and universal information service technology and service systems development in rural areas.

This monograph presents novel approaches and new results in fundamentals and applications related to rough sets and granular computing. It includes the application of rough sets to real world problems, such as data mining, decision support and sensor fusion. The relationship of rough sets to other important methods of data analysis – Bayes theorem, neurocomputing and pattern recognition is thoroughly examined. Another issue is the rough set based data analysis, including the study of decision making in conflict situations. Recent engineering applications of rough set theory are given, including a processor architecture organization for fast implementation of basic rough set operations and results concerning advanced image processing for unmanned aerial vehicles. New emerging areas of study and applications are presented as well as a wide spectrum of on-going research, which makes the book valuable to all interested in the field of rough set theory and granular computing.

Asynchronous Circuit Design for VLSI Signal Processing is a collection of research papers on recent advances in the area of specification, design and analysis of asynchronous circuits and systems. This interest in designing digital computing systems without a global clock is prompted by the ever growing difficulty in adopting global synchronization as the only efficient means to system timing. Asynchronous circuits and systems have long held interest for circuit designers and researchers alike because of the inherent challenge involved in designing these circuits, as well as developing design techniques for them. The frontier research in this area can be traced back to Huffman's publications The Synthesis of Sequential Switching Circuits' in 1954 followed by Unger's book, Asynchronous Sequential Switching Circuits' in 1969 where a theoretical foundation for handling logic hazards was established. In the last few years a growing number of researchers have joined force in unveiling the mystery of designing correct asynchronous circuits, and better yet, have produced several alternatives in automatic synthesis and verification of such circuits. This collection of research papers represents a balanced view of current research efforts in the design, synthesis and verification of asynchronous systems.

With the fast development of networking and software technologies, information processing infrastructure and applications have been growing at an impressive rate in both size and complexity, to such a degree that the design and development of high performance and scalable data processing systems and networks have become an ever-challenging issue. As a result, the use of performance modeling and m- surementtechniquesas a critical step in designand developmenthas becomea c- mon practice. Research and developmenton methodologyand tools of performance modeling and performance engineering have gained further importance in order to improve the performance and scalability of these systems. Since the seminal work of A. K. Erlang almost a century ago on the mod- ing of telephone traf c, performance modeling and measurement have grown into a discipline and have been evolving both in their methodologies and in the areas in which they are applied. It is noteworthy that various mathematical techniques were brought into this eld, including in particular probability theory, stochastic processes, statistics, complex analysis, stochastic calculus, stochastic comparison, optimization, control theory, machine learning and information theory. The app- cation areas extended from telephone networks to Internet and Web applications, from computer systems to computer software, from manufacturing systems to s- ply chain, from call centers to workforce management.

With the increased efforts of the analog design community to integrate analog high-frequency front-ends for telecommunications, there has been heightened interest in the behaviour of nonlinear circuits since this can cause considerable degradation of signals. In analog integrated circuits at lower frequencies, such as filters, nonlinear behaviour limits the dynamic range. Analog integrated circuit designers often lack insight into nonlinear circuit behaviour. Indeed, designers are trained to reason in linear or linearized circuits but not in nonlinear ones. Numerical circuit simulations of nonlinear circuit behavior do not provide enough insight to the designer. Distortion Analysis of Analog Integrated Circuits, with a foreword by Robert G. Meyer, provides both qualitative and quantitative insight into the nonlinear behavior of analog integrated circuits at low and high frequencies. General techniques to suppress nonlinear behavior such as pre-distortion, linear and nonlinear feedback are explained in detail and illustrated with realistic examples. In this way the book fills the gap between the theory of nonlinear systems and practical analog integrated circuits. Distortion Analysis of Analog Integrated Circuits provides the reader with an in-depth analysis of elementary transistor stages, both CMOS and bipolar, as well as an analysis of several larger circuits. Hereby use is made of advanced transistor models that are also discussed in the book. The analyses take into account many more effects than in existing publications, thanks to the use of a calculation method that yields closed-form expressions for nonlinear behavior. These expressions are interpreted and illustrated withrealistic numerical examples. Distortion Analysis of Analog Integrated Circuits is essential reading for practicing analog and mixed-signal design engineers and researchers in the field. It is also suitable as a text for an advanced course on the subject. From the foreword: I am sure that the analog circuit design community will [...] welcome this work by Dr. Wambacq and Prof. Sansen as a major contribution to the analog circuit design literature in the area of distortion analysis of electronic circuits. I am personally looking forward to having a copy readily available for reference when designing integrated circuits for communication systems.' Robert G. Meyer, Professor, Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley.

After the mainframe and personal computer eras, the third major era in computer science, ubiquitous computing, describes the state of technology in which networked computers would surround every user. The Handbook of Research on Ubiquitous Computing Technology for Real Time Enterprises combines the fundamental methods, algorithms, and concepts of pervasive computing with current innovations and solutions to emerging challenges. With more than 25 authoritative contributions by over 50 of the world's leading experts this groundbreaking resource systemically covers such salient topics as network and application scalability, wireless network connectivity, adaptability and "context-aware" computing, information technology security and liability, and human computer interaction.

Claus Pahl provides fundamental research on the common structures in LTS architectures and solutions for specific forms such as knowledge-based, distributed, or adaptive applications of e-learning.

1. MOTIVATION In many physical situations, a plant model is often provided with a qualitative or quantitative measure of associated model uncertainties. On the one hand, the validity of the model is guaranteed only inside a frequency band, so that nearly nothing can be said about the behavior of the real plant at high frequencies. On the other hand, if the model is derived on the basis of physical equations, it can be parameterized as a function of a few physical parameters, which are usually not perfectly known in practice. This is e.g. the case in aeronautical systems: as an example, the ae- dynamic model of an airplane is derived from the flight mechanics eq- tions. When synthesizing the aircraft control law, it is then necessary to take into account uncertainties in the values of the stability derivatives, which correspond to the physical coefficients of the aerodynamic model. Moreover, this airplane model does not perfectly represent the be- vior of the real aircraft. As a simple example, the flight control system or the autopilot are usually synthesized just using the aerodynamic model, thus without accounting for the flexible mechanicalstructure: the c- responding dynamics are indeed considered as high frequency neglected 1 dynamics, with respect to the dynamics of the rigid model .

As MOS devices are scaled to meet increasingly demanding circuit specifications, process variations have a greater effect on the reliability of circuit performance. For this reason, statistical techniques are required to design integrated circuits with maximum yield. Statistical Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of MOS VLSI Circuits describes a statistical circuit simulation and optimization environment for VLSI circuit designers. The first step toward accomplishing statistical circuit design and optimization is the development of an accurate CAD tool capable of performing statistical simulation. This tool must be based on a statistical model which comprehends the effect of device and circuit characteristics, such as device size, bias, and circuit layout, which are under the control of the circuit designer on the variability of circuit performance. The distinctive feature of the CAD tool described in this book is its ability to accurately model and simulate the effect in both intra- and inter-die process variability on analog/digital circuits, accounting for the effects of the aforementioned device and circuit characteristics. Statistical Modeling for Computer-Aided Design of MOS VLSI Circuits serves as an excellent reference for those working in the field, and may be used as the text for an advanced course on the subject.