This volume represents the papers reviewed and accepted for the HOIT2007 conference held at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras in the city of Chennai, India in August 2007. This volume addresses many of the major themes of current interest in the field, with a particular focus on community-based technologies. This comprehensive book is divided into five different sections reflecting the most up-to-date research on computers and society.

This book will help future scientists to become more intelligent users of computing technology in their practice of science. The content is suitable for introductory courses on the foundations of computing and the specific application of computers in different areas of science. The text presents a set of modules for use in existing science courses in order to integrate individual aspects of computational thinking, as well as a set of modules introducing the computer science concepts needed to understand the computing involved. These modules guide science students in their independent learning. The book covers computing applications in such diverse areas as bioinformatics, chemical kinetics, hydrogeological modeling, and mechanics of materials, geographic information systems, flow analysis, the solving of equations, curve fitting, optimization, and scientific data acquisition. The computing topics covered include simulations, errors, data representation, algorithms, XMS, compression, databases, performance, and complexity.

Power consumption becomes the most important design goal in a wide range of electronic systems. There are two driving forces towards this trend: continuing device scaling and ever increasing demand of higher computing power. First, device scaling continues to satisfy Moore's law via a conventional way of scaling (More Moore) and a new way of exploiting the vertical integration (More than Moore). Second, mobile and IT convergence requires more computing power on the silicon chip than ever. Cell phones are now evolving towards mobile PC. PCs and data centers are becoming commodities in house and a must in industry. Both supply enabled by device scaling and demand triggered by the convergence trend realize more computation on chip (via multi-core, integration of diverse functionalities on mobile SoCs, etc.) and finally more power consumption incurring power-related issues and constraints.

"Energy-Aware System Design: Algorithms and Architectures" provides state-of-the-art ideas for low power design methods from circuit, architecture to software level andoffers design case studies in three fast growing areas of mobile storage, biomedical and security.

Important topics and features:

- Describes very recent advanced issues and methods for energy-aware design at each design level from circuit andarchitecture toalgorithm level, and also covering important blocks including low power main memory subsystem and on-chip network at architecture level

- Explains efficient power conversion and delivery which is becoming important as heterogeneous power sources are adopted for digital and non-digital parts

- Investigates 3D die stacking emphasizing temperature awareness for better perspective on energy efficiency

- Presents three practical energy-aware design case studies; novel storage device (e.g., solid state disk), biomedical electronics (e.g., cochlear and retina implants), and wireless surveillance camera systems.

Researchers and engineers in the field of hardware and software design will find this book an excellent starting point to catch up with the state-of-the-art ideas of low power design.

Digital Accounting: The Effects of the Internet and ERP on Accounting provides a foundation in digital accounting by covering fundamental topics such as accounting software, XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language), and EDI. The effects of the Internet and ERP on accounting are classified and presented for each accounting cycle, along with a comprehensive discussion of online controls. ""Digital Accounting: The Effects of the Internet and ERP on Accounting"" provides a conceptual approach to handling the latest developments at the intersection of the accounting and IT fields.

Thecontinuousandincreasinginterestconcerningvectoroptimizationperc- tible in the research community, where contributions dealing with the theory of duality abound lately, constitutes the main motivation that led to writing this book. Decisive was also the research experience of the authors in this ?eld, materialized in a number of works published within the last decade. The need for a book on duality in vector optimization comes from the fact that despite the large amount of papers in journals and proceedings volumes, no book mainly concentrated on this topic was available so far in the scienti?c landscape. There is a considerable presence of books, not all recent releases, on vector optimization in the literature. We mention here the ones due to Chen,HuangandYang(cf. [49]),EhrgottandGandibleux(cf. [65]),Eichfelder (cf. [66]), Goh and Yang (cf. [77]), G.. opfert and Nehse (cf. [80]), G.. opfert, - ahi, Tammer and Z? alinescu (cf. [81]), Jahn (cf. [104]), Kaliszewski (cf. [108]), Luc (cf. [125]), Miettinen (cf. [130]), Mishra, Wang and Lai (cf. [131,132]) and Sawaragi, Nakayama and Tanino (cf. [163]), where vector duality is at most tangentially treated. We hope that from our e?orts will bene? t not only researchers interested in vector optimization, but also graduate and und- graduate students. The framework we consider is taken as general as possible, namely we work in (locally convex) topological vector spaces, going to the usual ?nite - mensional setting when this brings additional insights or relevant connections to the existing literature.

IT securiteers - The human and technical dimension working for the organisation.

Current corporate governance regulations and international standards lead many organisations, big and small, to the creation of an information technology (IT) security function in their organisational chart or to the acquisition of services from the IT security industry.

More often than desired, these teams are only useful for companies' executives to tick the corresponding box in a certification process, be it ISO, ITIL, PCI, etc. Many IT security teams do not provide business value to their company. They fail to really protect the organisation from the increasing number of threats targeting its information systems.

IT Security Management provides an insight into how to create and grow a team of passionate IT security professionals. We will call them "securiteers." They will add value to the business, improving the information security stance of organisations.

In e-learning, the learner spends a significant amount of time online, interacting with Web-based applications. This interaction carries tremendous weight in the learning process, because it directly influences the way the learner receives, comprehends, and ultimately retains information. Affective, Interactive, and Cognitive Methods for E-Learning Design: Creating an Optimal Education Experience brides a current gap in e-learning literature through focus on the study and application of human computer interaction principles in the design of online education in order to offer students the optimal learning experience. This advanced publication gives insight into the most significant design issues encountered and offers solutions to help in the creation of an ideal learning environment.

In Silico Chemistry and Biology: Current and Future Prospects provides a compact overview on recent advances in this highly dynamic branch of chemistry. Various methods of protein modelling and computer-assisted drug design are presented, including fragment- and ligand-based approaches. Many successful practical applications of these techniques are demonstrated. The authors also look to the future and describe the main challenges of the field.

Instructional Design in the Real World: A View from the Trenches offers guidance on how the traditional instructional design system has been used and how it must be changed to work within other systems. The environments and systems that affect the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) process and to which it must be adapted include corporations, industry, consulting organizations, health care facilities, church and charitable groups, the military, the government, educational institutions, and others. Its application must be filtered and altered by the environments and the systems where the learning or training takes place. Every chapter includes a case study showing how the application of ID strategies, learning theories, systems theory, management theories and practices and communication tools and practices are adapted and applied in various environments. The chapters also contain lessons learned, tool tips, and suggestions for the future.

The 1960s were perhaps a decade of confusion, when scientists faced d- culties in dealing with imprecise information and complex dynamics. A new set theory and then an in?nite-valued logic of Lot? A. Zadeh were so c- fusing that they were called fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic; a deterministic system found by E. N. Lorenz to have random behaviours was so unusual that it was lately named a chaotic system. Just like irrational and imaginary numbers, negative energy, anti-matter, etc., fuzzy logic and chaos were gr- ually and eventually accepted by many, if not all, scientists and engineers as fundamental concepts, theories, as well as technologies. In particular, fuzzy systems technology has achieved its maturity with widespread applications in many industrial, commercial, and technical ?elds, ranging from control, automation, and arti?cial intelligence to image/signal processing, patternrecognition, andelectroniccommerce.Chaos, ontheother hand, wasconsideredoneofthethreemonumentaldiscoveriesofthetwentieth century together with the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. As a very special nonlinear dynamical phenomenon, chaos has reached its current outstanding status from being merely a scienti?c curiosity in the mid-1960s to an applicable technology in the late 1990s. Finding the intrinsic relation between fuzzy logic and chaos theory is certainlyofsigni?cantinterestandofpotentialimportance.Thepast20years have indeed witnessed some serious explorations of the interactions between fuzzylogicandchaostheory, leadingtosuchresearchtopicsasfuzzymodeling of chaotic systems using Takagi-Sugeno models, linguistic descriptions of chaotic systems, fuzzy control of chaos, and a combination of fuzzy control technology and chaos theory for various engineering pract

This book presents four mathematical essays which explore the foundations of mathematics and related topics ranging from philosophy and logic to modern computer mathematics. While connected to the historical evolution of these concepts, the essays place strong emphasis on developments still to come.

The book originated in a 2002 symposium celebrating the work of Bruno Buchberger, Professor of Computer Mathematics at Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria, on the occasion of his 60th birthday. Among many other accomplishments, Professor Buchberger in 1985 was the founding editor of the Journal of Symbolic Computation; the founder of the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation (RISC) and its chairman from 1987-2000; the founder in 1990 of the Softwarepark Hagenberg, Austria, and since then its director.

More than a decade in the making, Mathematics, Computer Science and Logic - A Never Ending Story includes essays by leading authorities, on such topics as mathematical foundations from the perspective of computer verification; a symbolic-computational philosophy and methodology for mathematics; the role of logic and algebra in software engineering; and new directions in the foundations of mathematics. These inspiring essays invite general, mathematically interested readers to share state-of-the-art ideas which advance the never ending story of mathematics, computer science and logic.

Mathematics, Computer Science and Logic - A Never Ending Story is edited by Professor Peter Paule, Bruno Buchberger s successor as director of the Research Institute for Symbolic Computation.

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Ambient Intelligence is one of the new paradigms in the development of information and communication technology, which has attracted much attention over the past years. The aim is the to integrate technology into people environment in such a way that it improves their daily lives in terms of well-being, creativity, and productivity. Ambient Intelligence is a multidisciplinary concept, which heavily builds on a number of fundamental breakthroughs that have been achieved in the development of new hardware concepts over the past years. New insights in nano and micro electronics, packaging and interconnection technology, large-area electronics, energy scavenging devices, wireless sensors, low power electronics and computing platforms enable the realization of the heaven of ambient intelligence by overcoming the hell of physics. Based on contributions from leading technical experts, this book presents a number of key topics on novel hardware developments, thus providing the reader a good insight into the physical basis of ambient intelligence. It also indicates key research challenges that must be addressed in the future.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 6th IFIP TC 5 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Its Applications, CIIA 2018, held in Oran, Algeria, in May 2018. The 56 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 202 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: data mining and information retrieval; evolutionary computation; machine learning; optimization; planning and scheduling; wireless communication and mobile computing; Internet of Things (IoT) and decision support systems; pattern recognition and image processing; and semantic web services.

In this volume, designed for engineers and scientists working in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), experts offer assessments of the capabilities of CFD, highlight some fundamental issues and barriers, and propose novel approaches to overcome these problems. They also offer new avenues for research in traditional and non-traditional disciplines. The scope of the papers ranges from the scholarly to the practical. This book is distinguished from earlier surveys by its emphasis on the problems facing CFD and by its focus on non-traditional applications of CFD techniques. There have been several significant developments in CFD since the last workshop held in 1990 and this book brings together the key developments in a single unified volume.

Candida Ferreira thoroughly describes the basic ideas of gene expression programming (GEP) and numerous modifications to this powerful new algorithm. This monograph provides all the implementation details of GEP so that anyone with elementary programming skills will be able to implement it themselves. The book also includes a self-contained introduction to this new exciting field of computational intelligence, including several new algorithms for decision tree induction, data mining, classifier systems, function finding, polynomial induction, times series prediction, evolution of linking functions, automatically defined functions, parameter optimization, logic synthesis, combinatorial optimization, and complete neural network induction. The book also discusses some important and controversial evolutionary topics that might be refreshing to both evolutionary computer scientists and biologists.

This second edition has been substantially revised and extended with five new chapters, including a new chapter describing two new algorithms for inducing decision trees with nominal and numeric/mixed attributes."

Graph theory gained initial prominence in science and engineering through its strong links with matrix algebra and computer science. Moreover, the structure of the mathematics is well suited to that of engineering problems in analysis and design. The methods of analysis in this book employ matrix algebra, graph theory and meta-heuristic algorithms, which are ideally suited for modern computational mechanics. Efficient methods are presented that lead to highly sparse and banded structural matrices. The main features of the book include: application of graph theory for efficient analysis; extension of the force method to finite element analysis; application of meta-heuristic algorithms to ordering and decomposition (sparse matrix technology); efficient use of symmetry and regularity in the force method; and simultaneous analysis and design of structures.

Over the last two decades, the analysis of blood pressure and heart rate variability has been increasingly used to obtain information on the mechanisms responsible for cardiovascular regulation in different physiological and pathological conditions. The evidence gathered so far has strongly supported the ability of this approach to provide unique insights into the factors involved in cardiovascular control. However, studies making use of these techniques have also underlined a number of problems concerning both the selection of the most appropriate analysis procedure to be used in a given situation and the interpretation of the results thus obtained. In this book volume leading experts from both the technological and the medical milieu have deeply addressed these issues. New tools for describing the regulation of the heart and the peripheral circulation in terms of 1/f processes, nonlinear and chaotic and complex systems have also been discussed. The overall result is a collection of contributions which provide the most recent development in this stimulating field.

This monograph presents recursion theory from a generalized point of view centered on the computational aspects of definability. A major theme is the study of the structures of degrees arising from two key notions of reducibility, the Turing degrees and the hyperdegrees, using techniques and ideas from recursion theory, hyperarithmetic theory, and descriptive set theory. The emphasis is on the interplay between recursion theory and set theory, anchored on the notion of definability. The monograph covers a number of fundamental results in hyperarithmetic theory as well as some recent results on the structure theory of Turing and hyperdegrees. It also features a chapter on the applications of these investigations to higher randomness.

Thepurposeofthe 7thIEEE/ACISInternationalConferenceonComputerandInfor- tion Science (ICIS2008)and the 2nd IEEE/ACISInternationalWorkshop on e-Activity (IWEA 2008) to be held on May 14-16, 2008 in Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. is to bring together scientists, engineers, computer users, and students to share their experiences and exchange new ideas and research results about all aspects (theory, applications and tools) of computer and information science; and to discuss the practical challenges - countered along the way and the solutions adopted to solve them. In January, 2008 one of editors of this book approached in house editor Dr. Thomas Ditzingeraboutpreparingavolumecontainingextendedandimprovedversionsofsome of the papers selected for presentation at the conference and workshop. Upon receiving Dr. Ditzinger's approval, conference organizers selected 23 outstanding papers from ICIS/IWEA 2008, all of which you will nd in this volume of Springer's Studies in Computational Intelligence. In chapter 1, Fabio Perez Marzullo et al. describe a model driven architecture (MDA) approachfor assessing database performance.The authorspresent a pro ling technique that offers a way to assess performance and identify aws, while performing software construction activities. In chapter 2, authorsHuy Nguyen Anh Pham and EvangelosTriantaphyllouoffera new approachfortesting classi cation algorithms, and present thisapproachthroughrean- ysis of the Pima Indian diabetes dataset, one of the most well-known datasets used for this purpose. The new method put forth by the authors is dubbed the Homogeneity- Based Algorithm(HBA), and it aims to optimally control the over ttingand overgen- alization behaviors that have proved problematic for previous classi cation algorithms on this dataset.

This book presents a comprehensive overview of the various aspects for the development of smart cities from a European perspective. It presents both theoretical concepts as well as empirical studies and cases of smart city programs and their capacity to create value for citizens. The contributions in this book are a result of an increasing interest for this topic, supported by both national governments and international institutions. The book offers a large panorama of the most important aspects of smart cities evolution and implementation. It compares European best practices and analyzes how smart projects and programs in cities could help to improve the quality of life in the urban space and to promote cultural and economic development.

"Soar: A Cognitive Architecture in Perspective" represents a European perspective on Soar with the exception of the special contribution from Allen Newell arguing for Unified Theories of Cognition. The various papers derive from the work of the Soar Research Group that has been active at the University of Groningen, The Netherlands, since 1987. The work reported here has been inspired in particular by two topics that precipitated the group's interest in Soar in the first place: - road user behaviour and the temporal organization of behaviour, more specifically planning. At the same time, the various contributions go beyond the simple use of Soar as a convenient medium for modelling human cognitive activity. In every paper one or more fundamental issues are raised that touch upon the very nature and consistency of Soar as an intelligent architecture. As a result the reader will learn about the operator implementation problem, chunking, multitasking, the need to constrain the depth of the goal stack, and induction etc. Soar is still at a relatively early stage of development. It does, nevertheless, constitute an important breakthrough in the area of computer architectures for general intelligence. Soar shows one important direction that future efforts to build intelligent systems should take if they aim for a comprehensive, and psychologically meaningful, theory of cognition. This is argued by Newell in his contribution to this volume. For this reason, the Soar system will probably play an important integrative role within cognitive science in bringing together important subdomains of psychology, computer science, linguistics, and the neurosciences. Although Soar is not the only "architecture for intelligence", it is one of the most advanced and theoretically best motivated architectures presently available. This work should be of special interest to researchers in the domains of cognitive science, computer science and artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and the philosophy of mind.

This book is a timely document of state-of-the-art techniques in the domain of contact tracing applications. Well known in the field of medical science, this topic has recently received attention from governments, industries and academic communities due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This book provides a link between new proposals related to contact tracing applications and a contextual literature review primarily from the cryptologic viewpoint. As these applications are related to security and privacy of individuals, analyzing them from cryptologic viewpoint is of utmost importance. Therefore, present developments from cryptologic aspects of most proposals around the world, including Singapore, Europe, USA, Australia and India, have been discussed. Providing an in-depth study on the design rationale of each protocol, this book is of value to researchers, students and professionals alike.

Assertion-based design is a powerful new paradigm that is facilitating quality improvement in electronic design. Assertions are statements used to describe properties of the design (I.e., design intent), that can be included to actively check correctness throughout the design cycle and even the lifecycle of the product. With the appearance of two new languages, PSL and SVA, assertions have already started to improve verification quality and productivity.

This is the first book that presents an under-the-hood view of generating assertion checkers, and as such provides a unique and consistent perspective on employing assertions in major areas, such as: specification, verification, debugging, on-line monitoring and design quality improvement.

Edited by Jussi Kantola, the founding faculty member of the world's first university Knowledge Service Engineering Department at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, and Waldemar Karwowski from the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems at UCF, Knowledge Service Engineering Handbook defines what knowledge services engineering means and how it is different from service engineering and service production. This groundbreaking handbook explores recent advances in knowledge service engineering from the accomplished researchers and practitioners in this field from around the world and provides engineering, systemic, industry, and consumer use viewpoints to knowledge service systems and engineering paradigms. The handbook outlines how to acquire and utilize knowledge in the 21st century presenting multiple cultural aspects including US, European, and Asian perspectives. Organized into four parts, it begins with an introduction to the main concepts of knowledge services. It then explores data, information and knowledge based engineering methods and applications that can be used to develop knowledge services, followed by discussions of the importance of human networks in knowledge services. The handbook concludes with descriptions of high-performance knowledge service systems. This structure allows different uses: the information can be looked up as needed or read in the order presented. As with any new field, the excitement lies in seeing how to combine these advances in data, information, and human parts of knowledge services in the future. While most books on this subject concentrate on data, information, or knowledge, this handbook integrates coverage of all three, thus providing a complete examination of sustainable knowledge services. The handbook has been carefully designed to be of use to professionals who develop new knowledge services and related businesses, for academic researchers and lecturers to start new research projects, and for students studying knowledge services, knowledge service production, and knowledge service business.