As increasing numbers of social anthropoloists use computers for wordprocessing, interest in other applications inevitably follows. "Applications in Computing for Social Anthropologists" addresses this interest and encourages researchers to make full use of their computers to help them organize data. Firstly, the author discusses computing applications in relation to research activities shared by all anthropologists - ethnographic fieldwork, management and analysis of footnotes and the use of visual and aural material. The book then illustrates the way in which computer-based representations can satisfy the requirements of anthropological methods with a detailed examination of representing kinship relations in an original way. Nal developments in the representation of visual and aural data on computers, as well as possible applications of knowledge based models are also introduced.

Packed with projects and inspirational ideas you can do any time, any place, become an accomplished photographer while feeding your creativity with this guide that reveals what just what your smartphone camera is capable of. A camera phone is something we always have on us and creativity is something we all have in us but often we struggle to use them properly, feeling like we don't have the time, space or inclination to dedicate to it. Here, photography expert and bestselling author Jo Bradford supplies a collection of practical exercises that allow you to master the features on your smartphone camera to take incredible images and also help you to easily reconnect with your creative side. By encouraging you to try something different with your camera and seek out creative opportunities - from light painting to collage, image stacking to time-lapse landscapes - soon you will once again feel the satisfaction of thinking and acting creatively, with the added benefit of taking you from a snapper to an accomplished photographer with visual literacy. Smartphone photography is addictive with a tangible feel-good factor; it's time to embrace it and capture the moments that matter to you in all their glory.

Python is an amazing programming language. It can be applied to almost any programming task. It allows for rapid development and debugging. Getting started with Python is like learning any new skill: it's important to find a resource you connect with to guide your learning. Luckily, there's no shortage of excellent books that can help you learn both the basic concepts of programming and the specifics of programming in Python. With the abundance of resources, it can be difficult to identify which book would be best for your situation. Python for Beginners is a concise single point of reference for all material on python. * Provides concise, need-to-know information on Python types and statements, special method names, built-in functions and exceptions, commonly used standard library modules, and other prominent Python tools * Offers practical advice for each major area of development with both Python 3.x and Python 2.x * Based on the latest research in cognitive science and learning theory * Helps the reader learn how to write effective, idiomatic Python code by leveraging its best-and possibly most neglected-features This book focuses on enthusiastic research aspirants who work on scripting languages for automating the modules and tools, development of web applications, handling big data, complex calculations, workflow creation, rapid prototyping, and other software development purposes. It also targets graduates, postgraduates in computer science, information technology, academicians, practitioners, and research scholars.

Statistical distributions are important tools to model the characteristics of data sets such as right or left skewness, bi-modality or multi-modality observed in different applied sciences such as engineering, medicine, and finance, among others. The well-known distributions such as normal, Weibull, gamma, Lindley are extensively used because of their simple forms and identifiability properties. However, mostly in the last decade or so, researchers have focused on the more complex and flexible distributions, referred to as Generalized or simply G families of distributions to increase the modeling ability of these distributions by adding one or more shape parameters. The main aim of this edited book is to present new development currently made by various researchers in the field of G families of contributions distributions. The book will help future and current researchers in the field of this research. Some of the objectives are listed below: Develop new univariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Develop new bivariate continuous and discrete G families of probability distributions. Derive useful mathematical properties such as, ordinary and incomplete moments, moments generating functions, residual life and reversed residual life functions, order statistics, quantile spread ordering and entropies, among others and some bivariate and multivariate extensions of the new and existing models using a simple type copula such as: Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Modified Farlie Gumbel Morgenstern copula. Clayton copula. Renyi entropy copula. Ali-Mikhail-Haq copula. haracterize the models via several techniques such as: the conditional expectation. the truncated moment. the hazard functions. Mills ratio. certain functions of the random variable. the 1st order statistic. the conditional expectation of the record values. Assess the performance of the used estimation methods via Monte-Carlo simulation studies. Show the wide importance and the flexibility of the new models against the competitive models. Construct some new regression models based on the new proposed G families and use in statistical prediction. Application of many new useful goodness-of-fit tests for right censored validation such as the Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, modified Nikulin-Rao-Robson goodness-of-fit test, Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test and modified Bagdonavicius-Nikulin goodness-of-fit test to the new families.

Discussing career decision making (CDM), career guidance, a computerized system of career guidance, and the interplay among them, this book describes the way people sort themselves, or are sorted, into educational and occupational options. The options represent the content of this book, and the sorting represents the process. The sequence of decisions may extend over a lifetime, but several crucial choice-points tend to occur at predictable stages in a career. Career guidance is a professional intervention in CDM; "professional" implies that practitioners conform to a standard of ethics, knowledge, and competence beyond what may be offered by other intervenors. Guidance is partly an art, but it is also partly a science -- at least an application of science, based on a synthesis of logic and evidence derived from research.
The computerized "System of Interactive Guidance and Information" (SIGI) is a designated guidance "treatment," clearly defined and specified. It was developed according to an explicit model, derived from a particular rationale for guidance, using modern technology to amplify the practice of career guidance. The current version -- called SIGI PLUS TM -- is being used at more than a thousand colleges and universities, as well as secondary schools, libraries, corporations, community-based organizations, and counseling agencies.
These three interdependent topics are treated in a progression: from a theory of CDM to a rationale and a model for guidance to the design and development of a system. This book weaves together theory (principles, propositions, rationales, and models), research and development. The product of that development, SIGI, helps to definetheory, to exemplify it, and to test it.

Software Quality Assurance: Integrating Testing, Security, and Audit focuses on the importance of software quality and security. It defines various types of testing, recognizes factors that propose value to software quality, and provides theoretical and real-world scenarios that offer value and contribute quality to projects and applications. The practical synopsis on common testing tools helps readers who are in testing jobs or those interested in pursuing careers as testers. It also helps test leaders, test managers, and others who are involved in planning, estimating, executing, and maintaining software. The book is divided into four sections: The first section addresses the basic concepts of software quality, validation and verification, and audits. It covers the major areas of software management, software life cycle, and life cycle processes. The second section is about testing. It discusses test plans and strategy and introduces a step-by-step test design process along with a sample test case. It also examines what a tester or test lead needs to do before and during test execution and how to report after completing the test execution. The third section deals with security breaches and defects that may occur. It discusses documentation and classification of incidences as well as how to handle an occurrence. The fourth and final section provides examples of security issues along with a security policy document and addresses the planning aspects of an information audit. This section also discusses the definition, measurement, and metrics of reliability based on standards and quality metrics methodology CMM models. It discusses the ISO 15504 standard, CMMs, PSP, and TSP and includes an appendix containing a software process improvement sample document.

As the number of Internet of Things (IoT) elements grows exponentially, their interactions can generate a massive amount of raw and multi-structured data. The challenge with this data explosion is to transform any raw data into information and knowledge, which can be used by people and systems to make intelligent decisions. Industrial IoT Application Architectures and Use Cases explores how artificial intelligence (AI), data analytics, and IoT technology combine to promote intelligent decision-making and automation in a range of industries. With faster, more stable AI algorithms and approaches, knowledge discovery and dissemination from IoT-device data can be simplified and streamlined. An era of powerful cognitive technology is beginning due to cloud-based cognitive systems that are forming the foundation of game-changing intelligent applications. This book presents next-generation use cases of IoT and IoT data analytics for a variety of industrial verticals as given below: An Intelligent IoT framework for smart water management An IoT-enabled smart traffic control system for congestion control and smart traffic management An intelligent airport system for airport management and security surveillance An IoT framework for healthcare to integrate and report patient information Fuzzy scheduling with IoT for tracking and monitoring hotel assets An IoT system for designing drainage systems and monitoring drainage pipes Predictive maintenance of plant equipment to decide the actual mean time to malfunction Integrated neural networks and IoT systems for predictive equipment maintenance IoT integration in blockchain for smart waste management This book also includes a chapter on the IoT paradigm and an overview of uses cases for personal, social, and industrial applications.

What do philosophy and computer science have in common? It turns out, quite a lot! In providing an introduction to computer science (using Python), Daniel Lim presents in this book key philosophical issues, ranging from external world skepticism to the existence of God to the problem of induction. These issues, and others, are introduced through the use of critical computational concepts, ranging from image manipulation to recursive programming to elementary machine learning techniques. In illuminating some of the overlapping conceptual spaces of computer science and philosophy, Lim teaches the reader fundamental programming skills and also allows her to develop the critical thinking skills essential for examining some of the enduring questions of philosophy. Key Features Teaches readers actual computer programming, not merely ideas about computers Includes fun programming projects (like digital image manipulation and Game of Life simulation), allowing the reader to develop the ability to write larger computer programs that require decomposition, abstraction, and algorithmic thinking Uses computational concepts to introduce, clarify, and develop a variety of philosophical issues Covers various aspects of machine learning and relates them to philosophical issues involving science and induction as well as to ethical issues Provides a framework to critically analyze arguments in classic and contemporary philosophical debates

Computers have become a topic of concern, debate, argument, dogmatism, and inquiry among a variety of people who are interested in the fate and effectiveness of the educational system. This book presents working hypotheses of ways in which computers may fit into and/or transform classroom education. Through the exploration of learning and cognitive theory as it infuses technological developments, this volume promises to illuminate a number of important issues, including experiential learning and nontraditional computer-based instruction.

Cloud Computing and Big Data technologies have become the new descriptors of the digital age. The global amount of digital data has increased more than nine times in volume in just five years and by 2030 its volume may reach a staggering 65 trillion gigabytes. This explosion of data has led to opportunities and transformation in various areas such as healthcare, enterprises, industrial manufacturing and transportation. New Cloud Computing and Big Data tools endow researchers and analysts with novel techniques and opportunities to collect, manage and analyze the vast quantities of data. In Cloud and Big Data Analytics, the two areas of Swarm Intelligence and Deep Learning are a developing type of Machine Learning techniques that show enormous potential for solving complex business problems. Deep Learning enables computers to analyze large quantities of unstructured and binary data and to deduce relationships without requiring specific models or programming instructions. This book introduces the state-of-the-art trends and advances in the use of Machine Learning in Cloud and Big Data Analytics. The book will serve as a reference for Data Scientists, systems architects, developers, new researchers and graduate level students in Computer and Data science. The book will describe the concepts necessary to understand current Machine Learning issues, challenges and possible solutions as well as upcoming trends in Big Data Analytics.

This important new book explores contemporary concerns about the protection of national security. It examines the role, influence, and impact of Big Tech on politics, power, and individual rights. The volume considers the manner in which digital technology and its business models have shaped public policy and charts its future course. In this vital text for legislators and policymakers, Andrea Monti and Raymond Wacks draw on several case studies to analyse the changing nature of national security and revisit the traditional idea of the sovereignty of the State. They highlight some of the limitations of the conventional understanding of public policy, national security, and the rule of law to reveal the role of digital technology as an enabler as well as discriminator in governance and social disorder. Further, the chapters in the book explore the tenuous balance between individual freedom and national security; the key role of data protection in safeguarding digital data; Big Tech's appropriation of national security policy; the debate relating to datagathering technologies and encryption; and offers an unsettling answer to the question 'what is a leak?' A stimulating read, this key text will be of immense interest to scholars of politics, cyberculture, and national security, as well as to policy analysts, lawyers, and journalists.

Although GIS has been in existence for over 20 years, the systems have only recently matured to the point where they have become accessible to geographers, planners, environmental scientists and others as an affordable and practical tool for spatial analysis. Much of the GIS literature is scattered over the journals and technical reports of a number of disciplines. These sources are often not widely available especially to the newcomer to the field. This text was assembled to bring together what we believe is a balanced sampling of written works that cover important aspects of the basic principles involved in GIS, as well as to provide some examples of GIS applications.

Before digital computers ever existed, Alan Turing envisioned their power and versatility...but also proved what computers could never do.

In an extraordinary and ultimately tragic life that unfolded like a novel, Turing helped break the German Enigma code to turn the tide of World War II, later speculated on artificial intelligence, fell victim to the homophobic witchhunts of the early 1950s, and committed suicide at the age of 41. Yet Turing is most famous for an eerily prescient 1936 paper in which he invented an imaginary computing machine, explored its capabilities and intrinsic limitations, and established the foundations of modern-day programming and computability.

This absorbing book expands Turing's now legendary 36-page paper with extensive annotations, fascinating historical context, and page-turning glimpses into his private life. From his use of binary numbers to his exploration of concepts that today's programmers will recognize as RISC processing, subroutines, algorithms, and others, Turing foresaw the future and helped to mold it. In our post-Turing world, everything is a Turing Machine -- from the most sophisticated computers we can build, to the hardly algorithmic processes of the human mind, to the information-laden universe in which we live.

If you have ever worked on an Agile software development project, you know the importance of face-to-face communication. Having both business and IT professionals working together in the same room can become the critical success factor. Can Agile be successful though when team members are scattered across rooms, buildings, regions, or even countries? Yes! By following the Design for Hybrid Agile Adoption (DH2A) approach, framework and set of templates and tools explained in this book, you can implement successful Agile projects. This book contains three sections: Section I provides the basics of distributed Agile and DH2A, compares collocated with distributed Agile, and shares the rewards of following a distributed Agile approach. Section II dives into the DH2A methodology, with entire chapters dedicated to the Appraisal Segment, Estimation Segment, Planning Segment, and Implementation Segment. In addition there is a chapter in Section II on the roles required to make DH2A a success. Section III focuses on the DH2A framework, with an emphasis on Project Management Office and Governance. Actual case studies are used to illustrate the many useful tools within this text.

Summary Explains in easy-to-understand terms what executives and senior managers need to know and do about the ever-changing cyber threat landscape. Gives strategic, business-focused guidance and advice relevant to C-suite executives. Provides an effective and efficient framework for managing cyber governance, risk and compliance. Explains what is required to implement an effective cyber security strategy. Description With high-profile cyber attacks, data breaches and fines for GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) non-compliance hitting the headlines daily, businesses must protect themselves and their reputations, while reassuring stakeholders they take cyber security seriously. Cyber attacks are becoming more sophisticated and prevalent, and the cost of data breaches is soaring. In addition, new regulations and reporting requirements make cyber security a critical business issue. Board members and senior management must understand the threat landscape and the strategies they can employ to establish, implement and maintain effective cyber resilience throughout their organisation. How Cyber Security Can Protect your Business - A guide for all stakeholders provides an effective and efficient framework for managing cyber governance, risk and compliance, which organisations can adapt to meet their own risk appetite and synchronise with their people, processes and technology. It explains what is meant by governance, risk and compliance, how it applies to cyber security and what is required to implement an effective cyber security strategy. The pocket guide: Gives readers a greater understanding of cyber governance, risk and compliance; Explains what executives, senior managers and their advisors need to know and do about the ever-changing cyber threat landscape; Provides context as to why stakeholders need to be aware of and in control of their organisation's cyber risk management and cyber incident response; Gives guidance on building an appropriate and efficient governance framework that enables organisations to demonstrate their cyber approach in a non-technical, strategic, business-focused way; Details an overview process to enable risk assessment, assess existing defence mitigations and provide a framework for developing suitable controls; and Includes a checklist to help readers focus on their higher-priority cyber areas. Suitable for all managers and executives, this pocket guide will be of interest to non-cyber specialists, including non-executive directors, who may be required to review cyber arrangements. For cyber specialists, it provides an approach for explaining cyber issues in non-jargonistic, business-based language. Kick-start your journey to becoming cyber secure - buy this pocket guide today!

A new era of complexity science is emerging, in which nature- and bio-inspired principles are being applied to provide solutions. At the same time, the complexity of systems is increasing due to such models like the Internet of Things (IoT) and fog computing. Will complexity science, applying the principles of nature, be able to tackle the challenges posed by highly complex networked systems? Bio-Inspired Optimization in Fog and Edge Computing: Principles, Algorithms, and Systems is an attempt to answer this question. It presents innovative, bio-inspired solutions for fog and edge computing and highlights the role of machine learning and informatics. Nature- or biological-inspired techniques are successful tools to understand and analyze a collective behavior. As this book demonstrates, algorithms, and mechanisms of self-organization of complex natural systems have been used to solve optimization problems, particularly in complex systems that are adaptive, ever-evolving, and distributed in nature. The chapters look at ways of enhancingto enhance the performance of fog networks in real-world applications using nature-based optimization techniques. They discuss challenges and provide solutions to the concerns of security, privacy, and power consumption in cloud data center nodes and fog computing networks. The book also examines how: The existing fog and edge architecture is used to provide solutions to future challenges. A geographical information system (GIS) can be used with fog computing to help users in an urban region access prime healthcare. An optimization framework helps in cloud resource management. Fog computing can improve the quality, quantity, long-term viability, and cost-effectiveness in agricultural production. Virtualization can support fog computing, increase resources to be allocated, and be applied to different network layers. The combination of fog computing and IoT or cloud computing can help healthcare workers predict and analyze diseases in patients.

The Internet of Things (IoT) has made revolutionary advances in the utility grid as we know it. Among these advances, intelligent medical services are gaining much interest. The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasing day after day in fighting one of the most significant viruses, COVID-19. The purpose of this book is to present the detailed recent exploration of AI and IoT in the COVID-19 pandemic and similar applications. The integrated AI and IoT paradigm is widely used in most medical applications, as well as in sectors that deal with transacting data every day. This book can be used by computer science undergraduate and postgraduate students; researchers and practitioners; and city administrators, policy makers, and government regulators. It presents a smart and up-to-date model for COVID-19 and similar applications. Novel architectural and medical use cases in the smart city project are the core aspects of this book. The wide variety of topics it presents offers readers multiple perspectives on a variety of disciplines. Prof. Dr. Fadi Al-Turjman received his PhD in computer science from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in 2011. He is a full professor and research center director at Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus.

This book takes a holistic view of the roles of ICTs during the pandemic through the lens of social informatics, as it is critical to our understanding of the relations between society and technology. Specific attention is given to various stakeholders and social contexts, with analysis at the individual, group, community, and society levels. Pushing the boundaries of information science research with timely and critical research questions, this edited volume showcases information science research in the context of COVID-19, by specifically accentuating sociotechnical practices, activities, and ICT interventions during the pandemic. Its social informatics focus appeals to a broad audience, and its global and international orientation provides a timely, innovative, and much-needed perspective to information science. This book is unique in its interdisciplinary nature as it consists of research studies on the intersections between ICTs and health, culture, social interaction, civic engagement, information dissemination, work, and education. Chapters apply a range of research methods, including questionnaire surveys, content analyses, and case studies from countries in Asia, Europe, and America, as well as global and international comparisons. The book's primary target audience includes scholars and students in information and library science, particularly those interested in the social aspect of the information society. It may be of interest to information professionals, library practitioners, educators, and information policymakers, as well as scholars and students in science and technology studies, cultural studies, political science, public administration, sociology, and communication studies.

This book comprehensively conveys the theoretical and practical aspects of IoT and big data analytics with the solid contributions from practitioners as well as academicians. This book examines and expounds the unique capabilities of the big data analytics platforms in capturing, cleansing and crunching IoT device/sensor data in order to extricate actionable insights. A number of experimental case studies and real-world scenarios are incorporated in this book in order to instigate our book readers. This book Analyzes current research and development in the domains of IoT and big data analytics Gives an overview of latest trends and transitions happening in the IoT data analytics space Illustrates the various platforms, processes, patterns, and practices for simplifying and streamlining IoT data analytics The Internet of Things and Big Data Analytics: Integrated Platforms and Industry Use Cases examines and accentuates how the multiple challenges at the cusp of IoT and big data can be fully met. The device ecosystem is growing steadily. It is forecast that there will be billions of connected devices in the years to come. When these IoT devices, resource-constrained as well as resource-intensive, interact with one another locally and remotely, the amount of multi-structured data generated, collected, and stored is bound to grow exponentially. Another prominent trend is the integration of IoT devices with cloud-based applications, services, infrastructures, middleware solutions, and databases. This book examines the pioneering technologies and tools emerging and evolving in order to collect, pre-process, store, process and analyze data heaps in order to disentangle actionable insights.

ERP Systems for Manufacturing Supply Chains: Applications, Configuration, and Performance provides insight into the core architecture, modules, and process support of ERP systems used in a manufacturing supply chain. This book explains the building blocks of an ERP system and how they can be used to increase performance of manufacturing supply chains. Starting with an overview of basic concepts of supply chain and ERP systems, the book delves into the core ERP modules that support manufacturing facilities and organizations. It examines each module's structure and functionality as well as the process support the module provides. Cases illustrate how the modules can be applied in manufacturing environments. Also covered is how the ERP modules can be configured to support manufacturing supply chains. Setting up an ERP system to support the supply chain within single manufacturing facility provides insight into how an ERP system is used in the smallest of manufacturing enterprises, as well as lays the foundation for ERP systems in manufacturing organizations. The book then supplies strategies for larger manufacturing enterprises and discusses how ERP systems can be used to support a complete manufacturing supply chain across different facilities and companies. The ERP systems on the market today tend to use common terminology and naming for describing specific functions and data units in the software. However, there are differences among packages. The book discusses various data and functionalities found in different ERP-software packages and uses generic and descriptive terms as often as possible to make these valid for as many ERP systems as possible. Filled with insight into ERP system's core modules and functions, this book shows how ERP systems can be applied to support a supply chain in the smallest of manufacturing organizations that only consist of a single manufacturing facility, as well as large enterprises where the manufacturing supply chain crosses multiple facilities and companies.

The work presented in this book is based on empirical study undertaken as a case study to understand the challenges faced in massively open online course (MOOC) based learning and experimentation to understand the challenges for presenting theoretical and practical courses. The book proposes a flexible online platform. This solution provides flexibility in distance learning processes including course enrollment, learning, evaluation, and outcome of degrees. The proposed system not only gives students freedom to choose their courses in accordance with their needs but also use earned credit towards online degrees of any university of their choice.

This book teaches the basics of Oracle GoldenGate, which is a product that is used to simplify the process of Oracle Database Replication. GoldenGate can be used for reporting, failover, high availability, live reporting, data warehousing, and BigData ETL process, as well as connecting to multiple other data sources outside of Oracle Database such as SQL Server, MySQL, Teradata, PostgreSQL, and many others. The purpose of GoldenGate and its popularity is its ability to make the highly complex architecture of database replication into a much more simplistic task. This book teaches the reader how to use Oracle GoldenGate, from installation to troubleshooting.

In this age of Big Data and analytics, knowledge gained through experiential learning and intuition may be taking a back seat to analytics. However, the use of intuition should not be underestimated and should play an important role in the decision process. How Well Do Executives Trust Their Intuition covers the Fulbright research study conducted by this international team of editors. The main question of their investigation is: How well do executives trust their intuition? In other words, do they typically prefer intuition over analysis and analytics. And equally importantly, what types of intuition may be most favorable looking at different variables? The research utilizes survey and biometrics approaches with C-level executives from Canada, U.S., Poland, and Italy. In addition, the book contains chapters from leading executives in industry, academia, and government. Their insights provide examples of how their intuition enabled key decisions that they made. This book covers such topics as: Using intuition How gender, experience, role, industry, and country affect intuition Trust and intuition in management Trusting intuition It's a matter of heart Leadership intuition and the future of work Creating an intuitive awareness for executives Improvisation and instinct. The book explores how executives can use intuition to guide decision making. It also explains how to trust intuition-based decisions. How Well Do Executives Trust Their Intuition is a timely and prescient reminder in this age of data-driven analytics that human insight, instinct, and intuition should also play key roles.

Software is one of the most important products in human history and is widely used by all industries and all countries. It is also one of the most expensive and labor-intensive products in human history. Software also has very poor quality that has caused many major disasters and wasted many millions of dollars. Software is also the target of frequent and increasingly serious cyber-attacks. Among the reasons for these software problems is a chronic lack of reliable quantified data. This reference provides quantified data from many countries and many industries based on about 26,000 projects developed using a variety of methodologies and team experience levels. The data has been gathered between 1970 and 2017, so interesting historical trends are available. Since current average software productivity and quality results are suboptimal, this book focuses on "best in class" results and shows not only quantified quality and productivity data from best-in-class organizations, but also the technology stacks used to achieve best-in-class results. The overall goal of this book is to encourage the adoption of best-in-class software metrics and best-in-class technology stacks. It does so by providing current data on average software schedules, effort, costs, and quality for several industries and countries. Because productivity and quality vary by technology and size, the book presents quantitative results for applications between 100 function points and 100,000 function points. It shows quality results using defect potential and DRE metrics because the number one cost driver for software is finding and fixing bugs. The book presents data on cost of quality for software projects and discusses technical debt, but that metric is not standardized. Finally, the book includes some data on three years of software maintenance and enhancements as well as some data on total cost of ownership.